Busse m tFs
Quomtt
TUres of Bu
ueied
pecatred
t be ohBaincd
torn son of
löad
ctudies
omd S
6eneatbr
Bus V ornd S
ood bus PQ
stok bus
OY) Pomd
referece 69 VomdS
O
Qenaatr
Swmg Bu
omalyervoltage
atrall tood
toad ftow
otp o buues, PLome QL
uppler the tosces 1m the tine
Stach b
Select Stack bus
How to
generotim c uually
Gnmotor uith mghest we dont nao
bus b nitially
sdeccd as stach
the tosKes
lot Studies
caolond
Sgmificon deng9ninqMeuo
estential fov
Load ow SDl extendoa ofex« bng
one
for plannmng
Rs omd demand
load
merased.
to
tor
Copaito bonkc
tor
placemark o
Optimat mpovvement
profila
Mol tage
Hum ptone
Balomced. operobng tondite
Conclant
bvera speuitied penmod
Load remaint
tme
olutiom
Steps to tind
Fomation of netwot quaione. for
techmique
atabe Mathematcal
pply
souticn ofeqc.
-fmdimg the
the Coution of the N/w
o koad flow cotko «
ondubons.
sta
wnder ctcady
syctem
C o n i d e r r a 3 bug
Y-shurnt Chonrgmm
Odm ttoe
1 adovi lonce4
YL blw buD&@
13
3
md
loade ihe capacitoas
Iupplies ocal
reackorc
alnode 1, k c
I at4at t
V n1tha)tvs(-4r
oher Yu uth 3
Yr hs
a tode
T t I2t1h3
(4) t KJs»t(M-)
T=VCat4pot2a)-Va-Vaj3s
ohere
at node 3
Sa Iar 1st1as
-4)Yat 2.t3
( y a t y»tya)-Vfa1-r
whonP
-p1 Yan- te3-Yartata
T (Y e
Yaa
b u mathy
1 ataaB
datata
aingenal eteenk tun o amlennm m e r
hu Called ar tef udreikerm
t tat bus tydenv
mat»y for,
Size Y-bue
rnto
symartoG
alnt a oll e l e m l t
LS
needn toctre.
elovn tme, tM
Ae
Motix
Matax
Ye a sparte.
atx one e
Yeus
YBus
deryantx
. Y u nakoy
-so to 86). to alltha
be cwmnecdid
ss Can tomeds
l o t ome
b u s e , z = ; ,Y=o
, Tt k only
th
to -r 3 S
Node Curare -for bu
ysle
-
P=1,0,3.-
p YeeVptY
Ve -
YPP
vT-JPr-
sub.
Vp
YPPL V
Yr
method.
load ow ea o Gau
raired
Llol
2 1/p datar ore
Bu no. of-busey,93e of Sycem
Dotao f
how mamy, unes one thee, blo chE
Limedala
buses un e Ore Comected RtjXa t
üne t ( C
ahongn impean
atie oftap homai
qovrd), tap
TF voltage
etudies
aume a tlat
I load flou
Ctjo) ( i Lo) pu.
pvbte iey
F E i2 converqere
table Walue.
Ashume aw
Cmcmos. e = D.b01
AV
check, AV ZE
fCAVe) L
temnat itaatv
lofind the taraut o the absolat valuu F
1s les tha
thechomqe tn Vottage, if thee
+eminat the
presuibed. toteramoa e'then
THeratd
method called. qauu Method. 3f
The obvve
fmdmer tnd flow q
YPPLVe 4P
Ktt
vKt
=
Gaum Seidal (Metvod
Bs data
ine dala
Bus Codo Admitta P V
.o6
1-2 -j8
-3 2 0.S0, 2 to
2- 0.668-2-664
0.3 1tio
3 0.4
2-4 1-j4-0
3-4 d6-0 0.3 O.) o
3
Atrine th o tag ak tt. end q. 1 terabv
uMn4 G.S-Melhod
supl:
Fom Y-bu Matnx
Y
R 30ji4.% -0.4j4it
-
+36.u aj
-0.66t 2.66
-2tj8 3
2,bez it 1t a load bu.
1.06 LO
A
coStjo.2-j)-4j¢t
1.06
36b4rjo) Lo)-(ti4)CLo)
1.011b2-i0.02
ol- 1.6
Pace 002t1 1
v(
va t t.6(1-019.29t-)
Va. t.OleSL 40.04606
18)
Ys3 ( r
0.410
3 66-j4.6641 ('LO
j03 -1j4JChod- (-o.66rj-
366-H.huO.41
3-66-j4.66 1L0 Ct.gusjo.sa
ou
G-269C)
D.994233-jo.02t36
oKae+*CyE)
+1.6 (0.99y231-o.02g4 -)
a0.410T12j0.o6
Yuy Pt
-0.3t0Y.V-Y-Y4
1L-0
j o 1 - oo)-C-tej4)(o1eq-jooy6
C2tj)C o,9903-jo.0461)
u 0.9864aI1-0.06766
-14 6(D.q904428-j0.0u61-1)
Vac0.9482-j0.j08 2-
tortøolted
as voltage
bues onc Qlko calted
Ceur oluy
qenuratr
mstyaint thenn
eKCteds
thümt o
Tacada a tpod bu o.14Q1
buu a 1 taken a
paiou examyla,
the powe
1n eoltive
enuwaii.
bu. |V= 1.04pu and
Conslsained O.leQ 41.0,d-
ind - 2
before pah v
Alotz the data from (3-tG-j14.4G|.8)-
Etjt)(0]
.oy-arj)(t.06)+
05-jRa. 664)Ct)+
+-0-66tj2
0- 0 .021216-j0.|ID82
n dimits
Q=0-108
05oyv,-Yaa - y )
(-o.61249
o.go--2tj) (L-06) -
E
-66-i4.66
3-86-j4-66 .0 C9- ErjC)
V 1.0YAS9j0.01101
aa- 1.041s40.02408
-Ys3- Y g
3.66-j.66 -to.-0.3)
1LO
j9).06)0
j2-664(e t idG
C1.0f1s+j0.0210s9
L witw +0YLIS
-0.999485-30.s AnsD.99398-0 ot
8accg- 0.1931-jO4s2
RIR)_,-YvY4ss)
2-312 o)-(ox1)-ettjv)(0q L15
-C-2tj6)o.9191j04S2)
0.9980114 joA25
3.the reactie pouwe Constraupt on genorotu
0.2L £1.0.Sotue tis previous Dooble
for voltage at end taion
auntain the heactive pouerat 0.2c
louweimt n vick
irgo)teo
Powew
aken
jeretntOnl
Cosia-1-14-Yo
3-14.6
3-66-19.6y LO O.66ja669 (t)-(-juL
V.O536tj0.029 VaeV (1))
V=1.098241 0.0301- COech
Orms in TB
4tj03 3Y3 Yzuy|
666J6D
3,666414.66Y090.-Htj9(L06 (-0.666+-
jA.664-).oss6 tjo.02939
-C-+
-1.024 1.059
V V-0aNTLAAE ObO40-0156
3 1 j3 1 j 0 I Y o ) ( - ) ( o s 3 1 j o - u 5
-2t4) C oo4 001S6})
004 3-j0.02238
ncc V.0043-ja038
SK- PstjRK V
IK= rmVm
Pu?
K-IMelL8k
Vm Vm[ S
V
tve 2S ( YemNLS
P tk
) Mnl-n)
IVtsKCE (A
PR VEVemCes(Son)+Breresn
ma
VVnGk9nSpm-Bn
Not
unknourm voriables be (3,,3,. .. n)
e r the
ond pecijed quantthe
be (y»y3-- --gn
hCa,,
fC,3 -
)
2th)-fC)rhf'(3)t f"(a)t .
4 + r , %toa,. . t aas)
ume. A3, A1Anh epedsvey foyt
eonectione re o r ' ,1 repe-
Cre the soluttow.
chvely ton the hxt better
Saie eponon
Aply Tylor's
. -
A f
sinlony
t a
a)1 to [A
A
Loreaw
mwmatd Mabiy
calpoee
AP AS
A 2P
T
APV n
A AV
A
AD LAVn ued
Atanatb
metha it called NRLFmos
qn
i n
This
1eraha
Sotutio
Nuotn Raphson Load tlo
ola
Plow chat for Neuoton Raphron Load avapyw
roespecb6
Stot
Read yto data
fomep
wtialige mat o pheia omalsbus voltage
IV,8
Set iteraton cont k o
Bu Lout, i=|
Caladat R ,
No
J v e f e PV bu
akula AR
Colculan
check Qth
Qech im
Aa Qeh-
Ai
Fomn nacoian madox
oPbvAP
AV / a o/ay
at
m c m
may
C o m p u l i
of P end
tcerune
Yes Calcala
Poer foD
loste
No
AP
na
A 1 Jaeonan man M
in pol Co-0rdmal
tieat ,bvatch enrov deorwasCS Ouaolaicail,
I Cat goNnat or bs, we ony tnd ea
pou
mematcd
Etemnt a jaohon Matix
tHay diagonal element oh aukmatiy t
VeVnCGn8 m Btntotn
tadloonal eemunk QubmatM M
M= DR
Merv=-VVm CGbmtesdum tBxm hnk
N oPk
OV
VGn Ge Cos + Bem in St
aV
V (GnmagnBEm Cosm
for ioral Otl22
doen* y
Ye mali ade funhoms of
Van4&
elernent itkraions
oian
orre chanying for
Von&
Say e motx for evey
qoian
to fnd h e
w e ned
S,
orahons
ikart
a
po owy
Demeit dencot
mabix
the jawhan is move
Noed to
rnd lerabon
eadh
fimeHkan
for
ime
ooSe
Se, iticat
ol" les no.q
Meyt so we get
quadratbc,
Conegon t
7 6dNoage
nottofind alu
Ned
elermonts, COmpubng
Me -nNw
Y2ducedbohalf reduced.
ihoran
Gme i
- m o r e Serihu
to w
4 9lesc/no Sensthur
o S
A HN
m L LAv
(Gkm Co (eun)t Ah
(EV Vn
RK OPk 0
0 P Qk-BxeVk
CIn temmc of Re)
9 - B tV.Ve(@n
m
P
MK
KVG t VEVm emsént m
m=
mtR
KK Vi K-BKK Vk
aVk CTn temc of ak)
N kVKO -R
oNK ONK
= Bk-GinE (
2
+Pt Gnk 01ulan
&enmbe to S .
leu/no
MK
"KK & ' s8's
-8Q o M-0
to
ohangs
leu f e i
bve
or
changes enOue to
potuer
tve rea o mainly
magniuds
VolLage
Ongu angu
eentve
to chamge mv
changu oae leu magmmtude
Tne e i t e toAvoltags
u t mioly
M-0
r AS
8r-0l4
Cjlov-
Bxapled Lod
flow (Md
VeNnl 6nneknBCosSp
Hw=
RLLLX
GeyLLBp
hubsta.
drf b/w
1
ony
&tmmgular
tSEO
H-QBe
AEL-Bzj
etve e QkLL Bxx Vg
poali
-BzzV
loode
L V o
V
a
arw)-(-BenAE
(ag)-[-VkUnBtnAY
Mat
CAa/y-GBEnd(AV
G i v Pe/hr
Fatbttct
P m Mw
Pmas4p
umt
ini
qenerain
cuve
ofa
p-olp
//Lune0
Actual Incrumenal (
Rinv Mh
Incrementa
Cost u
1T -slopeqn
TC of plont
poo
aom ecoomo
reduce Gena
o n pon
Inreae gen
w.wmtE Case 0n P
Stig oad t onomical u aduicabe upo
ECoomG
NTPC-2400O
FzQtbt tct atbprcP
Snshailam
600MN
Eacpb
m e n t a dP acptb,.
Cost for
eremental fuel rati in
ratio of a
tmalt change
the
It i defined ac, in olp.
a l l chane
Coeponding
to the
input
fuel rat & Called
Irarementol
eaptal
The
e
The ot
81 iewt sf
a
a InuemerBal effciency.
Houmntal povductior Cost; csFomg
ecremunlal
fue
Coniclr bi maintai nona
ekc
It osFtabor
h e m e e m e n t a l
F
cost=
v Fu n
to Consrom, Pp P
Guhjutial
Bye 4 lagra ftc
defined a s
the auxiltmy
mulbplieM),
F-Fr+Pp-h 1 uale
t f" ble wrt jehuatho
to gno
diforenbiatng
OF 2oP
dEd
P dp
oY
bpbrwn condil
d r a
d di and
and
22
plank
. The fuel i/pc fo
Per houro
oF
0,2P 40Pt120 Re/Y
15oR( hr sehdude
s e h e d u l
30t
ifthe
o p e n a t i n g
0.259+
ageneratiom,
ecomomte
the e
L o t t m i N e
cott c
caad
chh
u
umjt
t
tomeponding an
toading
mn
m a x i m u w m
y
LOomw omd 25MO
18oMu.
M e g l e c l T A
demamd
* are by both the
b o t h tu
me
cion
locces
c
chha
arre
edd
by toadinn
Nanmm
equally obtaned
by
toad (t sauing< ducion
i f he detmine
the incremental
po
is, equall
umt au py
the
cot
dh0.4P+40 P i t P = l 8 0 m w
0 . 5 t 3d
R 180-P
O.4Pt4o=
0.sPt3
id .4P100.SP 0.SF
+10=
0.u (t80-P)t
AS.S6
82 0. t0.4P
0.9
P88-88mo 11m)
7552
H555
JC
30
0213GP
(o 2
cos«
ty 4213
9t-8Ymwo
tota Coch wth P-
Ft IP-88semo; P=91L1
loai4.44MO
ht P=P9OM 021SMVh
0.55Rs[h
1Sawings Ooblained
=
