Chemistry, The Central Science, 15th edition Brown. LeMay. Bursten. Murphy. Woodward. Stoltzfus Chapter 1 Introduction: Units of Measurement Dr.Musaab Alkhatib . Medicine College, Fahad Bin Sultan University é cat Chemistry we erie __ la this science we ® study matter and the 5 changes it bliss » Soe undergoes. we te Matter And Magsiorerfént> t\ Matter ce a We define matter as anything tha and takes up space. sas has mass @ @ _ eo 10% @ Ee a ed id {a) Atoms of an element Oxygen ® (Water os \\ © Carbon dioxide (&) Molecules cof an element (4) Ethanol (e Molecules ‘of compound : (@ Bthylen (a) Mixture of elements and a compound ( Aspicin « Atoms are the building blocks of matter. SoU slo se Matier And MeastirementMatter vom aol (@) Ethanol (Water a» (e)Bihyene glycol (@Aspicin (o.cabon doce « Atoms are the building blocks of matter. * Each element is made of the same kind of atom. se OF CY WN Ge aw VAlae Go! oan ah Matter techie in cotinine Oo es @) Atoms are the building blocks atter. @ Each element element is made of the same kind of atom. (3) Acompound Acompound is made of twa.ormore different Iinds of elements. Uci\ is} es Nie Meastireréotgol CVle States of Matter Cool or increase pressure + + + + Heat or Het @@@o6 reduce WOO. presure GOD. ae Be Guid” cxyaine id) Total disorder; much Disorder Ordered ‘empty space; particles particles are free particles are essentially ave complete | to move relative to in fixed positions; freedom of motion; each other; particles particles close together eee closetogether yur Ad CF eb, + + a Veo we a Properties and Changes of Matter Miter eTypes of Properties > LIP \ o> is a property when the matter undergoes a chemical change or reaction a eo® wid ‘th Matter properties ais Physical ——— can observed without changing the composition or identity ofa be measured and substances reactivity, color, flammability mass, size est Che Types of Changes aby « Physical Changes IU Sh doy — These are changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance. ese hes ~), Ls * Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc. ea ~ © Chemical Changes — Chemical changes result in new substances. ee ess ° oxidation, decomposition, etc. als A se Mier And Measiaremotg— esl eolies Units of Measurement ve BN Cesc Ee » The International System of Units Giunits) In 1960 an_ international agreement was reached specifying a particular choice of metric units for use in scientific measurements. These preferred units are called SI units. The SI system has seven base units TABLE 1.1 SI Base Units Physical Quantity) a Abbrevi Mass kg Length m Time ¢ _Temperature kK Amount of substance mal Electric current A Luminous intensity ed "The abbreviation sec is frequently used. Meastremr@utCE! Table 1.2 Selected(PrefixeUsed in the Metric System Py Abbreviation leaning Example _ Giga G 10” 1 gigameter (Gm) Mega M 0° 1 megameter (Mm) Kilo k 10° 1 kilometer (km) 7 oT scimeter (dm) = 01m Conti c 10? ‘centimeter (em) = 0.01 m Milli m 10° 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m Micro we 10° ‘1 micrometer (um) = 1 X 10m Nano on 10° nanometer (am) = 1 x 107m Pico P 10 1 picometer (pm) = 1X 10m “Femto f 108 1 femtometer (fm) = 1X 107m. -€ ‘Thisis the Greek eter mu (pronounced “ney if SBpvearnny pers a) 10°and 10 b) 10%and 105 10° and10 10? and 10-6 THE Drove gig) and(micrd represent, respectively:edo tt Cle s { Non- SI Units 7 -Although (on-S)units are being phased out, there are still some that are commonly used by scientists such as Celsius, Gallon, Pound, .... rae “ - Gallon = 3.7854 liter - pound = 0.45359237 kilograms a a vlAce» Units of Temperature @K=C+2793 |e @c- K-293 r 3 ‘ OCHCR-3e) XS pp mn aR a Ccx Sse a Kelvinscale Celsius scale Fahrenhelt scale Conversions: © K=°C+273.15 @°F = 9/5(°C) + 32 wee @ °C=K~- 273.15) GpC = 5/9(°F ~ 32) And Meastremn@utAAW Cle No leit Derived(S|) Units -TheSDunits are used to derive the units of other quantity such as pressure, speed, | force see tf atlas -For example, ‘speed i is defined as the ratio of distance to elapsed time. Thus the he SI unit for speed is the SI unit for distance (length) divided by the SI unit for time, m/s, which we read as a perGecong’. = =m/ S CSdunit of force i is((kg.m)/s? called row) N= Kym Prefix’ “a, orto< “3,\n0 8 Prefix —> Prefix ae 4Ge a> x —+ Prefix -©2008, rence al ne| | 250 YX S0_ cxwes.preretat pe — 0.26 (eoo ©2000, Prontea Ha ine,