MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Mackenzie Building, Room 3135
Telephone: (613) 520-5684
Fax: (613) 520 5715

MAAE 4102: Midterm Examination (All problems are of equal value.)

Duration: 1h 20 min. No. of Students: 80

AUTHORIZED MEMORANDA: textbooks, course notes, calculators, laptop

computers and any other materials, tools and
devices are allowed.

1. The beam with the length of 150 cm, thickness of 5 mm and depth of 10 mm is
rigidly build in at one end and simply supported at the other (Fig. 1). The distributed
load with constant intensity, w, is applied over 2/3 of the beam length from the rigidly
build in end. The beam material has E=70 GPa, y=330 MPa and =0.33. Calculate
the load intensity at the onset of the plastic collapse.

w
5 mm

10 mm

50 cm 100 cm

Fig. 1
Solution:
a) Find the Mp value of the beam cross-section:

b d2
Mp y 41.25 N m
4

b) The virtual work principle can be used to determine the load intensity at the onset
of the plastic collapse. The geometry of displacements and the equivalent point
loads at the onset of the plastic collapse are:

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MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

w(L-x)
w(x-L/3)

L/3
S
x
L-x

L x L/3 2 L 3 x L L 3 x
S
3 2 6 6

x
1
L x

x L
L x L x

From the virtual work principle:

L 3 x L x L x x L
w x w L x Mp Mp
3 6 L x 2 L x L x

3 x L 3 x L L x x L x
w w Mp
3 6 2 L x

L x
w 9 x2 L2 9 L x 9 x2 18 M p
L x

L x L x
w 18 M p 18 M p
L 9 x L L x L 10 L x 9 x 2 L2

Find x from the minimum w condition:

10 L x 9 x 2 L2 L x 10 L 18 x 0

9 x 2 18 L x 11 L 2 0

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MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

by using the solution for the second order polynomial: a x 2 b x c 0 in the

form:

b b2 4ac
x
2a
we can find x as:

18 L 18 2 L2 4 9 11 L2 18 18 2 4 9 11
x L 0.491 L
2 9 18
Then the collapse load is:
L 0.491 L
wp 18 M p
L 10 L 0.491 L 9 0.491 L 2 L2

1.5 0.491 1.5

wp 18 41.25 283 N / m
1.5 10 1.5 0.491 1.5 9 0.491 1.5 2 1.52

2. Peeling tests were performed on the specimens with the width of the bonded layer
w=10 cm, and the thickness of the bonded layer B=0.5 mm. Different peeling angles,
, were used, however, all other parameters and properties of the specimens were the
same. The peeling started at the applied force value F=1.6 kN when =10o was used.
The peeling started at the applied force value F=50 N when =60o was used. Estimate
by calculation the peeling force required for =20o.
cm
10
w=

B=0.5 mm
F
Fig. 2

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MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

Solution:
a) Present fracture conditions for the peeling test:

2
F 1 cos F 1
R
w w 2 B E
as:
1
R a b
E
with
F 1 cos
a
w
and
2
F 1
b
w 2 B

calculate the a and b values corresponding to the fracture conditions observed at 1

( 10 ) and 2 ( 60 ) (a1, b1, a2 and b2, respectively):

a1 243.076 N / m b1 256 109 N 2 / m3

a2 250 N / m b2 250 106 N 2 / m3

Find E and R as:
b1 b2
E E 36.936 GPa
a2 a1
1
R a1 b1 R 250 J / m 2
E

Find the critical load at 3 ( 20 ) by solving:

2
1 cos 3 1 1
R F3 F32
w w 2 B E

250 F3 603 10 3 F32 2.857143 10 6

which gives: F3 413 N

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MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

3. A cylindrical pressure vessel of 1 m in diameter and 3 m in length, with closed ends,

is made with the use of butt-welded steel plates with the thickness, t 5 mm , and the
size of 1 m x 0.5 m. A non destructive inspection revealed that one of weld lines
contains a thumbnail shaped surface crack oriented at 45o with respect to the
longitudinal axis of the vessel and with the length of 2 c 10 mm and the depth of
a 2.5 mm . Estimate by calculation the maximum pressure that can be created in
the cylinder without failure. The material properties of steel plates are shown in Table
1. Assume that weld line material has the same properties. Assume that the stress
intensity can be calculated as:
1.12 MK
KI a
0

where:
a
MK 1.0 1.2 0.5
t
and

0 1.211

Table 1
E , GPa K Ic , MPa m
y, MPa

Steel Property 780 210 0.32 90

Solution:
a) Find the pressure for failure by yielding. The failure by yielding occurs if:

2 2 2
1 2 2 3 1 3 2
y
2 2 2

P0 R
which gives (using h 2 l and l ):
2 t

2 2 2 2 2 2
h l l h l l 2 l 2
y
2 2 2 2 2 2

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MAAE 4102 Midterm Examination Fall 2011

2
2 P R 2
3 l 3 y
2 t

The critical pressure at the onset of yielding:

2 t y
Py
R 3
2 t y
Py 9 MPa
R 3
The critical pressure for the burst can be found from:

K I P, a, c K Ic

The stress intensity for the detected thumbnail is:

1.12 MK
KI a
1.211
with
a
MK 1.0 1.2 0.5 1
t
The stress which opens a crack in mode I, n, can be found from the hoop stress
and longitudinal stress as:
1 1 3
n l h l h cos 2 45 l
2 2 2
that gives:
1.12 3
K Ic l 3.14 0.0025 1 l 0.123 m
1.211 2

The burst pressure, Pb , can be obtained as:

Pb R
0.123 m K Ic
2 t
2 K Ic t 2 90 MPa m 0.005 m
Pb 14.6 MPa
0.123 m R 0.123 m 0.5 m

Therefore, Pmax 9 MPa

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