En Raport Ogolnopolski 2024

INSTITUTION OF THE MAŁOPOLSKA REGION
Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy

Republic of Poland Regional Labour Office
in Krakow
OCCUPATIONAL
BAROMETER
2024
Study summary report

in Poland
2024
Occupational
Barometer
Study summary report
in Poland
The study was prepared at the Regional Labour Office as part of the nationwide
Occupational Barometer survey, commissioned by the Minister responsible for Labour.
Authors Regional Labour Office in Krakow: Katarzyna Antończak-Świder, Adam Biernat,

Ewa Półchłopek
Editorial team
Regional Labour Office in Krakow: Katarzyna Antończak-Świder, Justyna Bąba,
Agnieszka Brożkowska, Michał Niedzielczyk, Katarzyna Nyklewicz, Ewa Półchłopek,
Barbara Zgutko
Copyright by the Regional Labour Office in Krakow
Copying and distribution may be made with the source indicated.
ISBN 978-83-66829-93-0
Publisher:
Regional Labour Office in Krakow
Plac Na Stawach 1, 30-107 Krakow
tel. 12 428 78 70
fax 12 422 97 85
kancelaria@wup-krakow.pl
www.wup-krakow.pl
Linguistic correction, typesetting and printing of the publication:

Soft Vision Mariusz Rajski, Ustowo 39, 70-001 Szczecin
The publication is distributed free of charge.
Krakow 2023
The Table of Contents
1. Methodology 6
2. Labour market 10
2.1. Economic situation 10
2.2. The situation on the labour market 12
3. Results of the Occupational Barometer 18

3.1. Implementation of the 9th edition of the study 18
3.2. Demand for employees 19
3.3. Permanently deficit occupations 22
3.4. Reasons for deficits 23
3.5. Sustainable occupations 25
3.6. Surplus occupations 26
3.7. The situation in voivodeship cities 28
3.8. Diversity of the situation in voivodeships 30
3.9. Summary 33
4. Posters 35
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The labour market in 2023 turned out to be resistant to the slowdown observed in the
economy. There are more people working and unemployment has fallen to the lowest
level since the early 1990s. The favorable situation should also continue in 2024,
which will be supported by the expected economic recovery.
As forecasts by the European Commission indicate, the unemployment rate according

to BAEL in Poland will amount to 2.8% in 2024, which is definitely below the average
level in the European Union (6.0%). Inflation will decrease, which will increase the real
wages of employees.
Good job prospects are also confirmed by the results of the Occupational Barometer.
According to the forecast for 2024, there should be no surplus of employees in

any occupation throughout the country. However, the situation will differ between
voivodeships and poviats. According to experts involved in the creation of the
‘Occupational Barometer’ study, staff shortages will appear in 29 occupations, 2
more than a year earlier. Problems with recruiting candidates for work in the public
sector will deepen (after kindergarten teachers and uniformed services employees
went from balance to deficit). No major changes are expected in other sectors.
As in the previous year, people willing to work in the following industries will be
sought: construction, medical and care, education, production and processing, and
TSL (transport-forwarding-logistics). The greatest demand for employees will still
be visible in voivodeship cities. Nevertheless, the scale of deficits will significantly
decrease, which shows that employers may refrain from creating new jobs.
We would like to thank all those who contributed to the preparation of the
2024 forecast, the experts of the public employment services, as well as the
representatives of external institutions. Your commitment ensures the high quality of
the Occupational Barometer.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the detailed results of survey described in
the report, as well as to use the website barometrzawodow.pl.
Ministry of Family, Labour

and Social Policy Republic of Poland
5 OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

1
1. Methodology
What is the Occupational Barometer?
This is a one-year forecast of demand for workers in selected occupations.
What is its origin?
1990-2000 survey methodology is being developed in Sweden.
2007 urvey is introduced in Finland, first implemented in the southwestern

part, then throughout the country.
2009 employees of the Regional Labour Office in Krakow learn about the
methodology during a study visit to Turku, Finland, and carry out
a pilot in 6 counties in Malopolska.
2010 Barometer covers all counties in the Malopolska region.
2015 survey expands nationwide and the first nationwide forecast for 2016
is published
2019 by the decision of the Ministry of Labour, the Barometer is merged

with the Deficit and Surplus Occupations Monitor into a single survey
named the Occupational Barometer.
How is it created?
The Barometer is a qualitative survey carried out once a year. It is created during expert
panels held in individual counties. Participants jointly analyse the forecast for each
profession locally. During the group discussion, they use their expertise and experience
and take into consideration statistics (e.g.the number of registered unemployed, the
OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Methodology 6

number of job offers reported to the Central Labour Offer Database, the number of
graduates of vocational education, or the number of documents legalising the work of
foreigners). Ultimately, those are the experts who decide into which category
a profession will be classified in, i.e.:
Shortage occupations, where should be no difficulty in finding a job,

as employer demand will be high and the supply of workers with
the appropriate skills will be low,
Balanced occupation, where the number of job offers will be similar/

approximate to the number of people in ability to take up employment in
a given occupation (supply and demand will be balanced),
Surplus occupations, where it may be more difficult to find a job due

to low demand and/or an excessive number of candidates meeting
employers’ requirements.
Panellists assess only those professions which are present in the local labour
market, and those of which they are aware (of which they have expertise) – so the
list of professions that are ultimately included in the county forecast may be shorter
than the full list included in Chapter 5.
How the results are transferred to regional and national levels?
After expert panels are conducted in all counties, the Occupational Barometer for the
county and region is developed. It is created by aggregating the data collected during
each county panel.
The results on the national level include all occupations, while the regional results
include only those assessed in at least half of the counties. An algorithm created for
the survey determines the occupation classification.
7 Methodology OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

Who is invited to the panel?
The panel usually consists of four to ten people. Those include:
ÌÌ Local labour offices’ employees of: labour intermediaries, career counsellors,

consultants responsible for cooperation with entrepreneurs, organisation of
training courses, as well as EURES (European Employment Services) assistants,
ÌÌ Employees of other institutions having the expertise of the labour market and
planned investments: employees of private employment agencies, employees
of units in charge of Special Economic Zones, voluntary labour camps,
chambers of crafts, non-governmental organisations, academic career
offices, city offices, or county offices.
How the list of occupations is created?
The list of occupations for the Occupational Barometer is based on the Classification
of Occupations for the Labour Market (KZiS). For a detailed link between the
occupations included in the Barometer and those in the KZiS (at the level of 4- and
6-digit codes), see Chapter 5.
Due to the fact that the Barometer is a qualitative survey, carried out with the use
of the expert method, the occupations listed in the KZiS were grouped so that
panellists could assess the entire list during one, 3-hour meeting. The occupations
were combined into groups on the basis of the possibility of taking a job having the
partial competence or having the experience in a related position.
The applied principle of grouping professions based on similar area of expertise or

fields of professional work stems from the experience gained from Scandinavian
countries, from where it derived.
The list is updated once a year (before each edition of the Barometer), based on the
experience of the survey and comments made by experts. The changes in the KZiS
and changes in the classification of occupations in education are also taken into
account. At the same time, modifications are limited to the minimum necessary to
ensure comparability of results.
OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Methodology 8

What’s new on the list of professions?
The list of occupations in the ninth national edition of the survey (i.e., the Barometer
for 2024) includes 168 items, the same as last year.
Compared to last year, two occupations were merged into one, i.e.: machinery
mechanics and repairers as well as plant and machine operators and assemblers
were grouped together and assessed under the occupation of machine and
equipment mechanics-fitters. This change was made on the basis of expert opinion,
which indicated that employers are mostly looking for people who have both fitter
and mechanic competencies.
At the same time, one profession was separated from the previously larger group:
health and safety workers were separated from ohs specialists. In turn, professions
related to “green transformation” were included in environmental protection
workers, and consequently the profession was renamed environmental and
sustainability workers. The decision on such modifications was made on the basis of
observations of trends in the economy and labour market indicating the growing role
of pro-environmental activities.
What is the Barometer used for?
ÌÌ for career planning (indicates in which professions it is worth to get further

training due to the best job prospects),
ÌÌ for job search in the profession (indicates what the situation is in each county
– where it may be easier to find a job),
ÌÌ for planning trainings for the unemployed and working people, financed by
the Labour Fund (including the National Training Fund), so that they respond
to the real labour market needs,
ÌÌ For labour market analysis (indicates trends in labour demand and supply).
Where to find the results?
Forecasts from all editions of the Barometer, as well as quantitative data used
ancillary to the panels, are available at www.barometrzawodow.pl.
9 Methodology OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

2
2. Labour market
2.1. Economic situation
The Polish economy, however, has shown considerable resistance to the crises it has
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and then Russian aggression against Ukraine, has
not been avoided slowdown. In 2022 and 2023, the economic growth rate gradually
weakened, however, the mood for next year assumes recovery.
Negative phenomena became especially visible in the first half of 2023, including:
lower private consumption as a consequence of rising prices. As a result gross
domestic product (GDP) for Poland, not seasonally adjusted, decreased in the
first quarter year to year by 0.3%, and in the second quarter by 0.6%. There was
improvement in the third quarter – GDP increased year to year by 0.5% and this trend
should continue in the following quarters1. Detailed data is presented in chart 1.
Chart 1. GDP growth not seasonally adjusted, constant average annual prices of the
previous year (year to year)
(%) 14
12.3
12
10
8.6 8.8
8
6 6.6 6.3
4
4.1
2 2.5
0 0.5
0.3
-2
-0.3 -0.6
1 qtr.
st
2 nd
qtr 3 qtr.
rd
4 qtr.
th
1 qtr.
st
2 nd
qtr 3 qtr.
rd
4 qtr.
th
1 qtr.
st
2nd qtr 3rd qtr.
2021 2022 2023
Source: own study based on the preliminary estimate of gross domestic product (GDP) in the third
quarter of 2023, Central Statistical Office
1 See: Preliminary estimate of gross domestic product (GDP) in the third quarter of 2023, Central
Statistical Office; accessed: 6/12/2023.
OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Labour market 10

Forecasts by the European Commission assume that in 2024 Poland’s GDP will
increase by 2.7%, and in 2025 even more, by 3.2%. This growth rate will place
Poland above the average for the European Union, which, as expected, will be 1.3%
in 2024 and 1.7% in 20252.
To start with, factors stimulating economic growth in Poland include:
ÌÌ increase in private consumption supported by rising real wages, social

transfers (increase of the 500+ benefit to PLN 800, 13th and 14th pension)
and decreasing inflation,
ÌÌ extinction of the negative supply shock that resulted in deceleration

production and increasing prices (including as a result of the war in Ukraine
and earlier COVID-19 pandemic),
ÌÌ increase in investment, especially in the sector of large enterprises, which

formulate clearly more optimistic plans in this respect than smaller entities,
ÌÌ good export results, inter alia due to the improvement of the economic
situation in the euro zone.
Nevertheless, there are as well factors weakening economic growth which include:
ÌÌ unstable geopolitical situation beyond Poland’s eastern border and in the

Middle East,
ÌÌ still high, although decreasing, inflation level of 11.1% in 2023, 6.2% in 2024
and 3.8% in 2025 according to European Commission projection,
ÌÌ lower absorption of European funds due to completion expenditure under the

financial perspective for 2014–2020, and delayed start of investments under
the National Reconstruction Plan3.
2 See: Autumn 2023 Economic Forecast: A modest recovery ahead after a challenging year,
European Commission; available at: 16/11/2023.
3 Own study based on the Polish National Bank’s projection of inflation and economic growth based
on the models of NECMOD, NBP (Polish National Bank) and Autumn 2023 Economic Forecast and
European Commission, accessed: 16/11/2023.
11 Labour market OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

2.2. The situation on the labour market
Despite the economic slowdown in 2023, there remained on the labour market
favorable situation.
Growth of entrepreneurship
At the end of October 2023, 5,130.9 thousand entities of the national economy
were included in the REGON register which was 3.2% more than a year earlier.
Each month, more new entities were created than liquidated – in total in the period
from January to October 2023 to the REGON number 328.9 thousand new entities
were included, while 188.9 thousand4 were deregistered.
Increase in the number of people working
In the third quarter of 2023, 16,873 thousand people worked which amounted
to 1.1% people more than a year ago5. The number of working women increased
(by 1.9% to 7,764 thousand) and men (by 0.4% to 9,109 thousand), working in
the private sector (by 0.4% to 12,732 thousand) and public (by 3.3% to 4,141
thousand). The number of people working in services has increased (by 3.3%
to 10,499 thousand), however, fewer people than a year ago worked in industry
(decrease by 3.0% to 4,904 thousand) and in agriculture (decrease by 0.3% to
1,381 thousand). Total employment rate (for people aged 15-89 years) in the third
quarter of 2023 amounted to 56.8% and was by 0.7 percentage points higher than
a year before. It is worth noting, however, that the employment rate was much
higher for people at working age (18-59/64 years) which amounted to 78.8% and
increased over the year by 1.2 percentage points6.
4 See: Information on entities of the national economy included in the REGON register - October
2023 and Information about national economy entities included in the REGON register – October
2022, Central Statistical Office, accessed: November 28, 2023.
5 See: Working, unemployed and professionally inactive (BAEL preliminary results) – qtr. 3 2023,
Central Statistical Office, accessed: November 28, 2023.
6 See: Socio-economic situation of the country in October 2023, Central Statistical Office,
accessed: November 28, 2023.

Average monthly gross salary in the enterprise sector in October 2023 amounted to
PLN 7,544.98 which was 12.8% more than a year ago. What is important, however, is
the weakening dynamics of consumption price growth while the purchasing power of
wages increased (by 5.8% y/y, compared to a decline of 3.8% in October last year).
Over the course of the year, average monthly gross wages in the sector of
enterprises increased in all industries (PKD sections). The most in administration
and support activities (by 15.2%), industry (by 14.9%) and activities related to
culture, entertainment and recreation (by 14.7%). The smallest growth took place in
construction (7.8%).
However, the wage gap remained significant. The highest earnings were recorded in
information and communication (in October 2023 it was PLN 12,493.67 gross), while
the lowest were noticed in accommodation and catering (PLN 5,324.85 gross)7.
Decrease in registered unemployment
At the end of October 2023, unemployment fell to a record low level which was not
observed since the beginning of the political transformation (in 1990). There were
770.4 thousand people registered in labour offices which amounted to 3.2% less
than in October last year.
The average unemployment rate registered in the country was 5.0% which was by
0.1 percentage point lower than last year. It fluctuated in individual voivodeships
ranging from 3.0% in Greater Poland to 8.3% in Podkarpacie. On an annual basis
in most voivodeships the level of unemployment decreased (in the largest extent
in the Lublin Voivodeship – by 0.5 percentage points and in Lesser Poland, Opole,
Podkarpackie and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships – by 0.4 percentage points
each). Slight increase in the rate of unemployment was recorded in the Lubuskie
and Pomeranian Voivodeships (by 0.1 percentage points each) and Greater Poland
(by 0.2 percentage points). In the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and West Pomeranian
Voivodeship, the unemployment rate remained at the level from last year8.
7 See: Socio-economic situation of the country in October 2023, Central Statistical Office, accessed:
November 28, 2023.
8 See: Socio-economic situation of the country in October 2023, Central Statistical Office,
accessed: November 28, 2023.

The group of people at the working age remaining outside the labour market
amounted in the third quarter of 2023 to 3,877 thousand people and was by 5.1%
lower than last year. The most common reasons for professional inactivity were
invariably: learning and improving qualifications (29.0%), illness and disability
(25.5%) and family and household responsibilities (20.5%). Besides 8% economically
inactive people at the working age were retired, and 1.1% were discouraged by the
ineffectiveness of their job search.
Due to the decline in passivity and unemployment, the relationship between people
working to people not working has improved. In the third quarter of 2023 per 1,000
working people (aged 15-89) there were 761 people unemployed, while a year earlier
it was 781 people9.
BUT fewer job offers
Looking at the job offers published in 2023, it is clear that employers refrained from
new recruitments. In the period from January to October in 2023, district labour
offices received 924.2 thousand offers which was by over 12% less than in the
same period of 202210. A similar tendency can be seen in job offers published on
the Internet. In October 2023, employers posted about 256.5 thousand job offers on
the 50 largest recruitment portals in Poland which was 17% less than a year earlier
(when it appeared 307 thousand offers). With minor exceptions, the downward trend
has continued since the second half of mid-2022.
According to Grant Thornton’s analyses, the number of job offers may decrease
the postponed effect of high operating costs of enterprises. Employers have been
avoiding layoffs for a long time, but they have been going on for over two years due
to high costs (energy, transport and labour) of labour force for some companies
which have decided to reduce – if not employment, at least the number of new
recruitments11.
9 See: Socio-economic situation of the country in October 2023, Central Statistical Office, accessed:
November 28, 2023.
10 Own calculations based on Statistical Bulletin No. 10/2023, Central Statistical Office, accessed:
November 28, 2023.
11 See: Job offers in Poland, Monitoring of recruitment processes on the Polish labour market,
EDITION XLII: October 2023, Grant Thornton, accessed: 28/11/2023.

BUT less demand for foreigners’ work
In 2023, employers still frequently filled staffing gaps with hiring foreigners, but to a
lesser extent than in previous years. In the period from January to October 2023, the
inflow of foreigners was significantly reduced and the number of individuals taking
up work in Poland amounted to 1,651 thousand as they were recorded throughout
the country on the basis of documents legalizing the employment of foreigners12
which was by 14% less than in the corresponding period the previous year, when
their number amounted to 1,918 thousand13.
The reduction in inflow was observed inter alia in the case of employees from
Ukraine. In the period from January to October 2023, 1,104 thousand documents
legalizing employment for citizens of this country were issued which was by 207
thousand (16%) less than in the same period of 2022. This does not change the fact
that they are still definitely the largest group of foreigners working in Poland (in the
period from January to October 2023 with 67% of all documents concerned them
legalizing employment).
The inflow of foreigners from other popular destinations also decreased: from
Belarus by 10%, from Georgia by 44%. However, significant increases from countries
such as: India (by 21%), Nepal (by 84%), Bangladesh (by 130%), the Philippines (by
43%) and Colombia (by 228%) did not offset these losses.
Detailed data is shown in table 1.
12 Counted in total: notifications about employment of Ukrainian citizens, declarations of entrustment

work for foreigners and work permits, which are the main forms of work legalization foreigners.
13 In the period from January to the end of October 2023, 437,000 declarations of intention to
employ a foreigner were registered in Poland which was by 54% less than in the same period in
2022 with 267 thousand issued work permits which was by 15% less, as well as with 932 thousand
notifications which was by 48% more than in 2022. Source: own study based on data from the
system analytical and reporting (CeSAR), accessed: December 4, 2023.

Table 1. Number of documents legalizing employment recorded in the period from
January to October 2023 in Poland by the 10 most numerous citizenships and
change compared to the same period in 2022
Number of documents legalizing

Year change
Citizenship employment issued between January
to year
and October 2023
Ukraine 1,104,069 -16%
Belarus 177,308 -10%
Georgia 74,893 -45%
India 39,889 21%
Moldova 33,028 -21%
Nepal 29,637 84%
Philippines 24,421 32%
Bangladesh 23,708 130%
Uzbekistan 23,696 -15%
Turkey 22,697 13%
Source: own study based on data from CeSAR [accessed: 4/12/2023]
Foreigners most often took up work in: industrial processing (30% of all documents
legalizing work registered in the period from January to October 2023), transport
and warehousing (20%), administration services and support activities (16%) and
construction (12%). The share of other PKD sections did not exceed 5%. It is worth
noting that each of the main industries recorded a decline in the number of foreign
workers where construction was relatively the largest (-32%), and the smallest of
the above-mentioned industries was transport (-5%)14.
Stabilization of the situation in 2024
Despite signals indicating a lower demand for new employees, a strong labour
market will be one of the pillars of the country’s development. Taking into account
the expected economic recovery, it can be assumed that the situation will in 2024
remain favorable.
14 Own study based on data from the CeSAR which is analytical and reporting system, accessed:
November 27, 2023.

According to Manpower research, more employers intend to hire than release.
33% of companies plan to expand their teams, 16% predict a reduction in full-
time positions while 47% of organizations want to leave the number of employees
unchanged (on the same level)15.
In such a situation, unemployment should remain low. As forecast (according to

the European Commission) shows, the unemployment rate according to BAEL will
amount to 2.8% in 2024, and in 2025 will decrease to 2.7% and will be one of the
lowest in the European Union (on average the community will reach the level of 6.0%
in 2024 and 5.9 in 2025)16. Therefore, it will maintain at a similar level as in the third
quarter of 2023, when it was in Poland 2.7%17.
15 See: ManpowerGroup Employment Outlook Barometer qtr. 4 of 2023, accessed: November 28,
2023.
16 See: Autumn 2023 Economic Forecast: A modest recovery ahead after a challenging year,
European Commission, accessed: 28/11/2023.
17 See: Working, unemployed and economically inactive (preliminary results of LFS) – qtr. 3 of 2023,
Central Statistical Office, accessed: 28/11/2023.

3
3. Results of the Occupational
Barometer
3.1. Implementation of the 9th edition of the study
345 expert Panels: In the period from August 28, 2023 to

345 October 27, 2023, there were 345 expert panels. During 35
panels forecasts situation was forecasted in two poviats in total
(most often rural and municipal, which are served by one district
expert
Panels labour office). In this way, forecasts were prepared for all 380
poviats and cities with poviat rights in the country.
A wide group of experts participated in the implementation of the 9th edition of the
study:
ÌÌ 1,817 employees of district labour offices,
ÌÌ 90 OHP employees,
ÌÌ 88 employees of schools/other educational institutions,
ÌÌ 76 employees of city offices/county offices,
ÌÌ 69 employees of chambers/guilds of crafts,
ÌÌ 46 employment agency employees,
ÌÌ 40 employees of other employers’ organizations,
ÌÌ 34 employees of voivodeship labour offices,
ÌÌ 89 employees of other entities aware of the local situation on labour markets,
OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Results of the Occupational Barometer 18

a total of over 2,300 people. On average, 7 experts took part in one panel (not
including employees of voivodeship labour offices who attended the meetings acting
as moderators).
The vast majority of panels (75%) were implemented directly, mostly at the
headquarters of the district labour office. 24% took place remotely, and 1% in mixed
environment (i.e. some participants connected remotely with the coordinator of
district and voivodeship authorities who conducted the research directly).
After preparing forecasts for all counties, the results were converted to voivodeship
and country level. This report summarizes the averaged forecasts for all of Poland.
The posters attached to the publication (chapter 4) include: lists of deficit, balanced
and surplus professions on a national scale and in individual voivodeships.
3.2. Demand for employees
The situation on the labour market in Poland in 2024 should remain stable. According
to the Occupational Barometer, changes in the demand for employees compared to
2023 will be small. Most professions will be found in equilibrium, which means that
the supply and demand for labour will be relatively at the same balance. The number
of deficit, surplus and balanced professions across the country in 2024 is shown in
Figure 1.
19 Results of the Occupational Barometer OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

Figure 1. Number of deficit, surplus and balanced professions in Poland in 2024
29
Number of shortage professions
with more job offers than candidates
139
Number of sustainable professions
in which the number of job offers is similar to the number of candidates
0
Number of surplus occupations
where the number of job offers is lower than the number of candidates
Source: barometrzawodow.pl
Staff shortages will appear in 29 occupations which is two more than last year.
The group of deficits will expand to include kindergarten teachers and employees
of uniformed services who remained in previous years (2016–2023) in balance.
Potential candidates facing alternatives on the labour market (discouraged by less
attractive salaries and/or difficult working conditions) choose other professions,
which creates a gaps and disturbs the balance in demand and supply of labour in
these professions.
The group of sustainable professions will have 139 positions in 2024, so 2 less than
a year earlier, which is a consequence of the transition to a kindergarten teacher and
uniformed services employees shortage.

The lack of surpluses in the forecast for 2024 indicates a favorable situation on
the market. Similarly to 2022 and 2023, it is not expected across the country in
some professions (out of 168 assessed in the study) to appear the excess of job
candidates (those with appropriate qualifications and willing to work). However,
it should be remembered that the situation varies in individual voivodeships and
poviats. Therefore, there may occur problems with finding employment locally.
Changing the number of deficit, balanced and surplus professions in individual

editions of the study is shown in Chart 2.
Chart 2. Number and share of deficit, sustainable and surplus professions in the
Occupational Barometer in forecasts for 2016–2024
19 23 27 31 31 29 30 27 29
10% 14% 16% 18% 18% 17% 18% 16% 17%
164 135 137 135 136 138 138 141 139

83% 82% 82% 81% 81% 82% 82% 84% 83%
15 7 3 1 1 1 0 0 0
7% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
surplus balance deficiency

3.3. Permanently deficit occupations
The stabilization of the situation on the labour market is also

8 visible in the area of permanently deficit professions, i.e.
those in which there is a shortage employees which has been
occupations
maintained continuously since the beginning of implementation
permanently
of the research throughout Poland (i.e. forecasts for 2016).
in deficit
In the Barometer for 2024, 8 such occupations can be

distinguished – they were also on the list of permanent deficits a
year and two years earlier. These occupations are as follows18:
ÌÌ carpenters and construction carpenters,
ÌÌ roofers and construction sheet metal workers,
ÌÌ bus drivers,
ÌÌ drivers of trucks and tractor units,
ÌÌ cutting machine operators,
ÌÌ nurses and midwives,
ÌÌ independent accountants,
ÌÌ welders.
From the employers’ perspective, staff shortages have persisted over the years
what constitutes a big problem. Faced with a persistent shortage of candidates,
they are often unable to fill vacancies, which limits the development of companies
and in extreme cases leads to a narrowing of the activity. It is worth noting that in
some professions, not only does the deficit persist in subsequent years, but it is still
gaining strength. Looking at the situation of nurses and midwives, it is clear that
that in 2016, deficits occurred in 233 poviats (in 28 they were large deficits), and
locally there were even surpluses (in 21 poviats). In 2024 the number of poviats with
a forecast of deficit increased to 336 (58 are expected to have a large deficit), and
with a surplus it decreased to 0. Details are shown in map 1.
18 In the industry overview below, these professions are highlighted in bold.

Map 1. Demand for employees in the profession of nurses and midwives
Forecast for 2016 deficit Forecast for 2024 deficit

in 233 counties in 336 counties
large surplus demand and supply large deficit

of job seekers balance of job seekers
surplus deficit of job no rating

job seekers seekers
Employers try to minimize some of the deficits by hiring employees from abroad
(including drivers and welders). This is not the case in all cases. However, this is
possible on a large scale. In the nursing or independent professions of accountants,
where good knowledge of Polish and specific language skills are required altogether
with professional qualifications, employment of foreigners is much more difficult. To
some extent, this explains the deepening deficiencies.
3.4. Reasons for deficits
Difficulties with recruiting appropriate employees result from many, often coexisting
problems. According to the results of the Barometer, in 2024 the main cause of
the deficit will remain the lack of a sufficient number of job candidates, which is a
consequence of the development of the industry, demographic changes or lack of
vocational education (due to the lack of offers in schools or lack of people willing
to learn). Secondly, deficits will result from inadequate qualifications of candidates,
which make it impossible to take up work in the profession.

The reluctance of candidates is relatively least likely to be responsible for staff gaps
to take up employment due to low wages or difficult working conditions.
It is worth noting that, compared to 2023, there will be deficits less often caused
by the lack of a sufficient number of candidates (in 2023 – 50% of responses, in
2024 – 45%), but more often caused by the fact that candidates do not meet the
requirements (in 2023 – 28% of responses, in 2024 - 29%) and that the candidates
do not like working conditions (20% of responses in 2023, 25% in 2024).
This shows that in 2024 there will be less deficits in professions resulting from
economic development supporting the creation of new labour places, and to a
greater extent resulting from the mismatch of labour demand and supply. Potential
candidates in these professions will take up employment in others professions – on
the one hand, because the working conditions offered do not suit them, on the other
hand, because they do not meet the requirements set for them (they do not have
appropriate qualifications).
The data is also presented in chart no. 3.
Chart 3. Main reasons for the deficit in the forecast for 2023 and 2024
(%)
60
50
45
50
40
28 29
30
25
20
20
10
2 1
0
lack in sufficient number candidates that candidates that other

of candidates for work do not fulfill do not accept
requirements set working conditions
by employers
2023 2024
Source: own study on the basis of barometrzawodow.pl

The reasons for deficits will vary significantly between professions:
ÌÌ the lack of sufficient number of job candidates is the main reason for
the deficit in the occupations such as: doctors, nurses and midwives,
psychologists and psychotherapists, physiotherapists and masseurs,
carpenters and carpenters, roofers and sheet metal workers as well
as construction workers, building installation fitters, practical teachers
vocational training, teachers of vocational subjects, teachers of general
subjects, teachers in special schools and departments for integration,
kindergarten teachers, uniformed services employees,
ÌÌ candidates not meeting employers’ requirements is the main reason for

deficit in the following occupations: locksmiths, welders, electricians,
electromechanics and electrical fitters, bus drivers, truck drivers and
tractor units, warehouse workers, equipment operators and mechanics for
earthworks, independent accountants, accounting workers and accountants
as well as motor vehicle mechanics,
ÌÌ unsuitable working conditions for candidates are the main reason for the
deficit in occupations such as: cutting machine operators, construction
workers, caregivers of elderly or disabled people, cooks.
3.5. Sustainable occupations
In the Barometer, sustainable occupations include those fields in which demand

for work has a chance to balance its supply, which is the most beneficial for labour
market. A stabilized staffing situation is expected in 2024 in 139 occupations, two
less than a year earlier.
Compared to the previous year, the changes will be minor. Beyond the shift from
balance to the deficit in uniformed services employees and kindergarten teachers,
there are no other shifts.
As in 2023, the list of sustainable professions includes:
ÌÌ managerial/management professions that are mostly filled as part of internal

recruitment or competitions. As experts participating in panels point out,
there is usually high interest in such positions,

ÌÌ occupations that occur only locally – where work plants are located, e.g.
seafarers, air traffic service workers or operators of various types of
equipment (e.g. cement and stone products, products chemicals),
ÌÌ engineering/professional professions, including: the IT industry, for which

the demand is visible primarily in large cities (see chapter The situation in
provincial cities) and in smaller towns there only single offers appear,
ÌÌ occupations related to environmental protection and sustainable

development – despite companies taking pro-ecological actions, forced by
inter alia provisions of law, where the forecast does not indicate that demand
for specialists in this field will increase in 2024
Figure 2. Sustainable professions in the largest number of counties
ÌÌ insurance agents (balance in 374 poviats out of 380 in Poland)

ÌÌ lawyers (in 373)
ÌÌ passenger car drivers (in 372)
ÌÌ car wash, laundry and ironing workers (in 371).
Source: own study based on barometrzawodow.pl
3.6. Surplus occupations
Stabilization of the situation on the labour market and maintenance of good

employment prospects is confirmed by the lack of surplus professions in the
forecast for 2024. The same as in 2022 and 2023, in any profession assessed in
the Barometer, you should not expect an excess of workers at the country level.
However, it should be emphasized, that the situation will vary between regions
and counties and will depend strongly on the level of unemployment in local labour
markets.

Figure 3. Surplus occupations in the largest number of counties
ÌÌ economists (surplus in 130 poviats out of 380 in Poland)

ÌÌ administrative and office workers (in 49)
ÌÌ philosophers, historians, political scientists and cultural experts (in 47)
ÌÌ food and nutrition technology specialists (in 33)
ÌÌ IT technicians (in 31)
What is important, however, in each of these professions, compared to 2023, there

decreased the number of poviats in which the increase is forecasted. This shows that
the situation is gradually improving and moving towards balance. For example, the
proffesion of economists shows that a surplus was forecast in 2016 in as many as 350
poviats, in 2023 it was 140 poviats, and in 2024 only 130.
Map 2. Demand for employees in the profession of economists
Forecast for 2016 Forecast for 2024

surplus in 350 counties surplus in 130 counties
large surplus demand and supply large deficit

of job seekers balance of job seekers
surplus deficit of job no rating

job seekers seekers

The reasons for the excess of candidates remain unchanged. They are mainly due
to the large supply of graduates completing popular fields of study - both at both
secondary and higher levels. Unfortunately, there are no local markets with enough
jobs to keep them all employed in these professions. However, in a generally good
market situation, it is usually enough to supplement their qualifications, hence the
unemployment of such people is rather transitional.
3.7. The situation in voivodeship cities
41 deficit jobs in voivodeship cities: According to forecasts
41 for 2024, the situation in voivodship cities will change19.

Staff shortages will continue to be felt, they will take part in
deficit jobs 41 occupations. Compared to 2023 however, there will be
in voivodeship significantly fewer of them – by 11 professions. 125 professions
citiesh will be in balance in 2024, and in none of them there should be
staff surpluses. This shows that job prospects in the largest
cities will continue to be good, but the demand for employees
will decrease. This especially concerns the occupations that
have gone from deficit in the 2023 forecast to equilibrium in
2024, i.e.:
ÌÌ from the TSL industry (transport-forwarding-logistics): forwarders and

logisticians, suppliers and suppliers, postmen and couriers,
ÌÌ from the construction industry: metal structure fitters, construction

managers, construction engineers,
ÌÌ from the IT industry: design and implementation specialists and improving

digital products and services,
ÌÌ from the electricity and energy industry: specialists in electronics, automation

and robotics, electronics fitters,
ÌÌ from the medical and care industry: social workers, physiotherapists and
masseurs,
ÌÌ from the service industry: cleaning staff,
19 The following cities were included in the analysis: Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk, Gorzów Greater
Poland, Katowice, Kielce, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Opole, Poznań, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Toruń,
Warsaw, Wrocław, Zielona Góra.

ÌÌ from the trade industry: sellers and cashiers,
ÌÌ from the mechanical and automotive industry: mechanics and machine

assemblers and device assemblers.
The reduction in demand for employees will therefore be visible in various industries
and in various positions. It will apply to both simple work (such as sales or cleaning),
as well as specialized ones (such as construction management or designing digital
services).
On the other hand, in 2024, new professions will appear in voivodeship cities where
will occur the deficit for workers that were in balance a year earlier, i.e.: cooks, train
drivers and operators of lifting and transport equipment.
In the case of chefs, people will be sought to work in restaurants, hotels and
canteens as well as in catering companies. The gaps will not be filled by widely
educated graduates, because some of them quickly resign from employment due
to low levels of employment remuneration and the shift system as well as irregular
nature of work.
When it comes to the demand for train drivers, recent years have been
challenging with the dynamic development of railway transport in Poland. Ongoing
modernization, the purchase of new rolling stock and renovation of the railway
infrastructure contributed to a shortage of railway workers, especially in voivodeship
cities, where this development is at its most dynamic pace. Therefore, there will
be probably a growing demand for train drivers, especially due to the increasing
effect in the generation gap, as well as multi-month training processes for potential
candidates, which often take several times longer than preparation for the driver’s
profession in trucks and buses (which are also in deficit).
In the case of operators of lifting and transport equipment, there are staff shortages
which will result from an insufficient number of job candidates having appropriate
permissions. Additionally, potential employees will be discouraged by difficult
working conditions such as: working at height, in heat or cold.

Figure 4. Deficit occupations in voivodeship cities in the forecast for 2024
analysts, testers and operators of ICT systems painters

DEFICIENCY
teachers of vocational subjects uniformed services employees

concrete workers and reinforcers doctors
kindergarten teachers database designers and administrators
car body workers and painters programmers
teachers of special schools and integration classes postmen and couriers
pavers earthmoving equipment psychologists and psychotherapists
operators and mechanics warehousemen
carpenters and construction carpenters medical lifeguards
cutting machine operators train drivers
roofers and construction sheet metal workers construction workers
caregivers of an elderly or disabled person motor vehicle mechanics
electricians, electromechanics and electrical fitters bakers woodworking workers and carpenters
bus drivers construction installation fitters
nurses and midwives independent accountants
drivers of trucks and tractor units bricklayers and plasterers
accounting and bookkeeping employees welders
tailors and clothing production workers teachers of practical vocational training
manual workers in production and simple work locksmiths
cooks general education teachers
construction finishing workers
3.8. Diversity of the situation in voivodeships
Forecasts for 2024 indicate great diversity in demand for employees in individual
voivodeships. They will face the biggest staff shortages, just like in 2023 it happens
in voivodeships in the northern and western part of Poland, i.e. Lubuskie (38
professions deficit), Opole Voivodeship (38), Pomeranian Voivodeship (38) and
West Pomeranian Voivodeship (36), where candidates for work in the construction
industry will be most often sought as well as educational, medical and care,
transport, electricity and energy workers. Economists may have problems finding a
job in this part of the country. Their surplus is expected in the Pomeranian and Opole
Voivodeships.
A large number of shortage professions is also expected in Voivodeships such

as: Greater Poland, Lower Silesia, Świętokrzyskie, Podkarpackie and Lesser
Poland (from 28 to 33). Employers will be looking for, among others: teachers (any
specialties), construction industry workers, doctors, nurses, drivers of trucks and
buses, as well as independent accountants. Economists will be in the surplus (in
the Podkarpackie and Lesser Poland Voivodeships and Świętokrzyskie) as well as

philosophers, historians, political scientists and cultural experts, administrative and
office workers, sociologists and socio-economic research specialists as well as food
and nutrition technology specialists (in the voivodeship Podkarpackie).
In the Masovian, Warmian-Masurian, Silesian and Lublin Voivodeships as well

as Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship there will also occur significant staff
shortages. In these regions the number of shortage professions will range from
18 to 25. Recruitment problems of qualified employees will apply especially to the
education industry, medical and social, transport and construction fields. Surpluses
are expected only in the Lublin Voivodeship and will apply to three professions:
economists, philosophers, historians, political and cultural scientists, and IT
technicians.
The fewest shortage professions in 2024 are included in the forecasts for Łódź
Voivodeship (14 professions) and Podlaskie Voivodeship (12 professions). In these
regions will be missing, among others: teachers, doctors, nurses and midwives,
psychologists and psychotherapists, truck and bus drivers, as well as uniformed
services employees. There will not be a single profession surplus in the Łódź region
and in Podlasie there will be only one (economists).
Detailed data is shown in chart 4.

Chart 4. Number of deficit and surplus professions in the forecasts for voivodeships
for 2024
40 38 38 38
36
35 33 32
30 29 28
30 25
23 22
25 21
18
20 14 12
15
5
10 3
1 1 1 1 1
5
lubuskie region
opolskie region
pomorskie region
zachodniopomorskie region
dolnośląskie region
śląskie region
świętokrzyskie region
łódzkie region
podlaskie region
wielkopolskie region
podkarpackie region
małopolskie region
mazowieckie region
warmińśko-mazurskie region
lubelskie region
kujawsko-pomorskie region
deficiency surplus
Compared to 2023, the demand for employees will decrease in most voivodeships,
i.e. in 11. The largest decrease in the number of shortage professions will take
place in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (11 competitions) and the Opole Voivodeship
(by 10 competitions), Lower Silesia (by 9 competitions) and Podkarpackie (by 8
competitions). An increase in the number of deficits will occur in four voivodeships:
Świętokrzyskie, Masovian, Lublin and Łódź provinces. However, this scale will not
be as large as in the case of declines and will oscillate around the three professions
(+/- 1). Just in one voivodeship (Podlaskie) the number of shortage professions will
remain the same like the year before.
In the case of surplus professions, the dynamics of changes in 2024 will be small.
In 11 voivodeships, the number of professions in which there will appear excess of
employees will remain at the same level as in 2023. There will be slight declines in 4
voivodeships (Opole, Warmian-Masurian, Lubelskie and Podkarpackie), and in one
voivodeship (Pomeranian) there will take place an increase.
Details are presented in chart 5.

Chart 5. Change in the number of deficit and surplus professions in the forecasts for
voivodeships between 2023 and 2024
6
4
4 3 3
2
2 1
-2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-2
-4 -3 -3 -3
-6 -5
-8 -6
-10 -8
-9
-10
-12 -11
pomorskie region
śląskie region
opolskie region
podkarpackie region
małopolskie region
lubuskie region
podlaskie region
łódzkie region
warmińśko-mazurskie region
mazowieckie region
lubelskie region
alteration in deficiency alteration in surplus
3.9. Summary
In 2024, the situation on the labour market will remain stable. As the Barometer
shows, the demand for employees will remain at a similar level as a year earlier.
There will be no surplus of workers in any profession at the national level. Deficits
will occur in 29 professions – 27 the same as in 2023 and two new ones that have
gone out of balance, i.e. kindergarten teachers and uniformed services employees.
Therefore, problems with recruiting candidates for work in the budget sector will
deepen, and no major changes are expected in other sectors. As in the previous
year, there will be a shortage of people willing to work in the construction industry
(deficits in 7 professions), medical and care (5), education (5), production and
processing (3), TSL (transport-forwarding-logistics – 3), financial-legal (2), security
and safety (1), catering and tourism (1), electrical and energy (1) and mechanical and
automotive (1).

Figure 5. Deficit professions in the largest number of poviats
ÌÌ truck and tractor unit drivers (deficit in 346 poviats out of 380 in Poland),
ÌÌ psychologists and psychotherapists (in 342),
ÌÌ nurses and midwives (in 336),
ÌÌ doctors (in 315),
ÌÌ welders (in 314),
ÌÌ electricians, electromechanics and electrical fitters (in 288),
ÌÌ bus drivers (in 283),
ÌÌ teachers of vocational subjects (in 279),
ÌÌ teachers of practical vocational training (in 271),
ÌÌ operators and mechanics of earthmoving equipment (in 266).
The reasons for the deficits are complex and occur both on the part of employers
(offering unattractive working conditions) and candidates who lack qualifications,
experience, and often also willingness to work. However, the main reason is still
constituted by the lack of a sufficient number of potential employees resulting
from the development of the industry, demographic changes and lack of vocational
education.

4
4. Posters
The following pages contain posters with the results of the Occupational Barometer
survey in Poland and in all voivodeships.
In the digitally available version, posters with a forecast for 2024 can be found at
barometrzawodow.pl. On this website we publish the list of links to posters for all
voivodeships and Poland.
Poland
lubelskie region
lubuskie region
łódzkie region
małopolskie region
mazowieckie region
opolskie region
podkarpackie region
podlaskie region
pomorskie region
śląskie region
warmińsko-mazurskie region
35 Posters OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

Occupational Barometer 2024
www.barometrzawodow.pl
Poland
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Independent accountants Special school teachers
DEFICIT
Bricklayers and plasterers Medical doctors Stock clerks

Bus drivers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction installation assemblers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of general subjects
Construction joiners and carpenters Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction workers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Toolmakers
Cooks Pre-school teachers Truck drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Psychologists and psychotherapists Uniformed services workers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Welders
Finishing work technologists in building trades Social work professionals caring for the elderly and disabled
Acoustics and sound engineers Farmers and animal producers Physical protection services workers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Farming and forestry advisers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Administration professionals Finance professionals Postal clerks
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Fishermen Postmen and package deliverers
Air traffic controllers Florists Potters and glaziers
Ambulance workers Food and nutrition technology professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food processing workers Primary education teachers
Animal services workers Forest workers Printing trades workers
Architects and urban planners Funeral service workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Archivists and curators Gardeners i orchardists Production managers
Assistants in education Glaziers and window fitters Production organisation professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Graphic and multimedia designers Quality specialists
Bakers Hairdressers Railway traffic operators
Beauticians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Real estate professionals
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Receptionists
Butchers and fishmongers Health and safety workers Road construction workers
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Household helps Rubber and plastic machine operators
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Human resources and recruitment professionals Sales managers
Cement and stone machine operators Industrial ceramists Salespeople and pos operators
Chefs Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Chemical engineers and chemists Internet salespersons Service managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators IT technicians Shipdeck crew, ship and port operators
Childminders Journalists and editors Shoemakers
Cleaning workers Kitchen helpers Social institutions and culture managers
Clearing and forwarding agents Landscape architects Social workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Lawyers Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction engineers Logistics managers Sport and recreation instructors
Construction managers Machinery mechanics and operators Stonemasons
Construction supervision inspectors Management and business service managers Structural metal workers
Construction technicians Manual workers in production and simple works Suppliers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
interviewers Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Database designers and administrators, programmers technicians Textile machine operators
Dental technicians Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Metal processing workers Trade representatives
Driving instructors Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Train drivers
Economists Miners and mining plant and machine operators Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educational counsellors Opticians and prosthetics workers Travel consultants and clerks
Educators in educational and care institutions Other education specialists Upholsterers
Electrical and energetic engineers Painters and varnishers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electronic assemblers Paper manufacturing and processing machine implementation and platform development
Electronics technology, automation and robotics operators Veterinarians
specialists Passenger car drivers Vindicators
Environmental and sustainability workers Pavers Visual artists and interior designers
Environmental engineering engineers Pharmacists Waiters and bartenders
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Photographers Webmasters
The “Occupational Barometer” is a forecast for the demand for employees in 2024. The study was conducted among experts at the turn of the third and fourth quarters of 2023.
The situation in some professions may change depending on market conditions. The nationwide results include all professions assessed in the study.

Republic of Poland
National coordinator The person ordering the study
OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Posters 36

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Independent accountants Social workers
DEFICIT
Ambulance workers Kitchen helpers Special school teachers

Construction installation assemblers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of general subjects
Construction workers Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Cooks Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Toolmakers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Pre-school teachers Truck drivers
Educational counsellors Primary education teachers Uniformed services workers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Psychologists and psychotherapists Welders
Finishing work technologists in building trades Social work professionals caring for the elderly and disabled
Acoustics and sound engineers Farming and forestry advisers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Finance professionals Postal clerks

Administration professionals Fishermen Postmen and package deliverers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Florists Potters and glaziers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food and nutrition technology professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Animal services workers Food processing workers Printing trades workers
Architects and urban planners Forest workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Archivists and curators Funeral service workers Production managers
Assistants in education Gardeners i orchardists Production organisation professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Glaziers and window fitters Quality specialists
Bakers Graphic and multimedia designers Railway traffic operators
Beauticians Hairdressers Real estate professionals
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Receptionists
Butchers and fishmongers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Road construction workers
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Health and safety workers Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Household helps Rubber and plastic machine operators
Cement and stone machine operators Human resources and recruitment professionals Sales managers
Chefs Industrial ceramists Salespeople and pos operators
Chemical engineers and chemists Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Chemical products plant and machine operators Internet salespersons Service managers
Childminders IT technicians Shoemakers
Cleaning workers Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Clearing and forwarding agents Landscape architects Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Lawyers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Sport and recreation instructors
Construction engineers Logistics managers Stonemasons
Construction joiners and carpenters Machinery mechanics and operators Structural metal workers
Construction managers Management and business service managers Suppliers
Construction supervision inspectors Manual workers in production and simple works Surveyors and cartographers
Construction technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Telecommunications specialists
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Textile machine operators
Crane, hoist and related plant operators technicians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Trade representatives
Dental technicians Metal processing workers Train drivers
Dentists Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Driving instructors Miners and mining plant and machine operators Travel consultants and clerks
Economists Opticians and prosthetics workers Upholsterers
Educators in educational and care institutions Other education specialists UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electrical and energetic engineers Painters and varnishers implementation and platform development
Electronic assemblers Paper manufacturing and processing machine Veterinarians
Electronics technology, automation and robotics operators Vindicators
specialists Passenger car drivers Visual artists and interior designers
Environmental and sustainability workers Pavers Waiters and bartenders
Environmental engineering engineers Pharmacists Webmasters
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Photographers
Farmers and animal producers Physical protection services workers
The situation in some professions may change depending on market conditions. The result for the region include professions assessed in at least half of the counties.

Republic of Poland
Regional/Province coordinator National coordinator The person ordering the study

Bus drivers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Teachers of vocational subjects
DEFICIT
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Toolmakers

Construction joiners and carpenters Psychologists and psychotherapists Truck drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Uniformed services workers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Social work professionals caring for the elderly and Welders
Independent accountants disabled
Medical doctors Teachers for practical vocational training
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Environmental engineering engineers Physical protection services workers
BALANCE
Acoustics and sound engineers Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants
Administration and office clerks Farmers and animal producers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Administration professionals Farming and forestry advisers Postal clerks
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Finance professionals Postmen and package deliverers
Ambulance workers Finishing work technologists in building trades Potters and glaziers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Florists PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Animal services workers Food and nutrition technology professionals Pre-school teachers
Architects and urban planners Food processing workers Primary education teachers
Archivists and curators Forest workers Printing trades workers
Assistants in education Funeral service workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Automotive diagnosis technicians Gardeners i orchardists Production managers
Bakers Glaziers and window fitters Production organisation professionals
Beauticians Graphic and multimedia designers Quality specialists
Biologists, biotechnologists Hairdressers Railway traffic operators
Bricklayers and plasterers Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Real estate professionals
Butchers and fishmongers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Receptionists
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Health and safety workers Road construction workers
Chefs Insurance agents Salespeople and pos operators
Chemical engineers and chemists Internet salespersons Secretaries and assistants
Chemical products plant and machine operators IT technicians Service managers
Childminders Journalists and editors Shoemakers
Cleaning workers Kitchen helpers Social institutions and culture managers
Clearing and forwarding agents Landscape architects Social workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Lawyers Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Special school teachers
Construction engineers Logistics managers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction managers Machinery mechanics and operators Sport and recreation instructors
Construction supervision inspectors Management and business service managers Stock clerks
Construction technicians Manual workers in production and simple works Stonemasons
Construction workers Mechanical engineering technicians Structural metal workers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Suppliers
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Surveyors and cartographers
Cooks technicians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Medical laboratory diagnosticians Teachers of general subjects
Database designers and administrators, programmers Metal processing workers Telecommunications specialists
Dental technicians Miners and mining plant and machine operators Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Trade representatives
Driving instructors Opticians and prosthetics workers Train drivers
Economists Other education specialists Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educational counsellors Painters and varnishers Travel consultants and clerks
Educators in educational and care institutions Paper manufacturing and processing machine Upholsterers
Electrical and energetic engineers operators Veterinarians
Electronic assemblers Passenger car drivers Vindicators
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Pavers Visual artists and interior designers
specialists Pharmacists Waiters and bartenders
Environmental and sustainability workers Photographers Webmasters

Republic of Poland

lubelskie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Metal working machine tool setters and operators Stock clerks
DEFICIT
Bakers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Bus drivers Nurses and midwives Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction installation assemblers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Teachers of vocational subjects
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Psychologists and psychotherapists Truck drivers
Independent accountants disabled
Medical doctors Special school teachers
Acoustics and sound engineers Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Postmen and package deliverers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Farmers and animal producers Potters and glaziers
Administration professionals Farming and forestry advisers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Finance professionals Pre-school teachers
Ambulance workers Finishing work technologists in building trades Primary education teachers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Florists Printing trades workers
Animal services workers Food and nutrition technology professionals Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Architects and urban planners Food processing workers Production managers
Archivists and curators Forest workers Production organisation professionals
Assistants in education Funeral service workers Quality specialists
Automotive diagnosis technicians Gardeners i orchardists Railway traffic operators
Beauticians Glaziers and window fitters Real estate professionals
Biologists, biotechnologists Graphic and multimedia designers Receptionists
Bricklayers and plasterers Hairdressers Road construction workers
Butchers and fishmongers Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Rubber and plastic machine operators
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Health and safety workers Sales managers
Cement and stone machine operators Household helps Salespeople and pos operators
Chefs Human resources and recruitment professionals Secretaries and assistants
Chemical engineers and chemists Insurance agents Service managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Internet salespersons Shoemakers
Childminders Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Cleaning workers Kitchen helpers Social workers
Clearing and forwarding agents Landscape architects Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Lawyers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Sport and recreation instructors
Construction engineers Logistics managers Stonemasons
Construction joiners and carpenters Machinery mechanics and operators Structural metal workers
Construction managers Management and business service managers Suppliers
Construction supervision inspectors Manual workers in production and simple works Surveyors and cartographers
Construction technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Teachers of general subjects
Construction workers Mechanical engineers Telecommunications specialists
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Tinsmiths and laquerers
interviewers technicians Toolmakers
Cooks Medical laboratory diagnosticians Trade representatives
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Metal processing workers Train drivers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Dental technicians Opticians and prosthetics workers Travel consultants and clerks
Dentists Other education specialists Uniformed services workers
Driving instructors Painters and varnishers Upholsterers
Educational counsellors Paper manufacturing and processing machine Veterinarians
Educators in educational and care institutions operators Vindicators
Electrical and energetic engineers Passenger car drivers Visual artists and interior designers
Electronic assemblers Pavers Waiters and bartenders
SURPLUS
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Pharmacists Webmasters

specialists Photographers
Environmental and sustainability workers Physical protection services workers
Environmental engineering engineers Postal clerks
Economists IT technicians Political scientists, historians, philosophers

Wojewódzki Urzàd Pracy Republic of Poland
w Lublinie

lubuskie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Forest workers Salespeople and pos operators
DEFICIT
Bakers Human resources and recruitment professionals Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Bricklayers and plasterers Independent accountants disabled
Bus drivers Machinery mechanics and operators Social workers
Confectioners Manual workers in production and simple works Special school teachers
Construction installation assemblers Medical doctors Stock clerks
Construction workers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Teachers for practical vocational training
Cooks Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of general subjects
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Educational counsellors Pavers Train drivers
Educators in educational and care institutions Pre-school teachers Truck drivers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Primary education teachers Uniformed services workers
Finishing work technologists in building trades Psychologists and psychotherapists Welders
Acoustics and sound engineers Farmers and animal producers Postmen and package deliverers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Farming and forestry advisers Potters and glaziers
Administration professionals Finance professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Florists Printing trades workers
Ambulance workers Food and nutrition technology professionals Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food processing workers Production managers
Animal services workers Funeral service workers Production organisation professionals
Architects and urban planners Gardeners i orchardists Quality specialists
Archivists and curators Glaziers and window fitters Railway traffic operators
Assistants in education Graphic and multimedia designers Real estate professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Hairdressers Receptionists
Beauticians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Road construction workers
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Butchers and fishmongers Health and safety workers Rubber and plastic machine operators
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Household helps Sales managers
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Cement and stone machine operators Internet salespersons Service managers
Chefs IT technicians Shoemakers
Chemical engineers and chemists Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Kitchen helpers Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Childminders Landscape architects Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Cleaning workers Lawyers Sport and recreation instructors
Clearing and forwarding agents Librarians and related information professionals Stonemasons
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Logistics managers Structural metal workers
Construction engineers Management and business service managers Suppliers
Construction joiners and carpenters Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
Construction managers Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Construction supervision inspectors Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Construction technicians technicians Textile machine operators
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tinsmiths and laquerers
interviewers Metal processing workers Toolmakers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Trade representatives
Database designers and administrators, programmers Opticians and prosthetics workers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Dental technicians Other education specialists Travel consultants and clerks
Dentists Painters and varnishers Upholsterers
Driving instructors Paper manufacturing and processing machine UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Economists operators implementation and platform development
Electrical and energetic engineers Passenger car drivers Veterinarians
Electronic assemblers Pharmacists Vindicators
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Photographers Visual artists and interior designers
specialists Physical protection services workers Waiters and bartenders
Environmental and sustainability workers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Webmasters
Environmental engineering engineers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Postal clerks

Wojewódzki Urzàd Pracy
w Zielonej Górze
Republic of Poland

łódzkie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Medical doctors Teachers of vocational subjects
DEFICIT
Bus drivers Nurses and midwives Truck drivers

Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Stock clerks Welders
Independent accountants Teachers for practical vocational training
Acoustics and sound engineers Farmers and animal producers Postal clerks
Administration and office clerks Farming and forestry advisers Postmen and package deliverers
BALANCE
Administration professionals Finance professionals Potters and glaziers

Agricultural and gardening machines operators Finishing work technologists in building trades PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Ambulance workers Florists Pre-school teachers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food and nutrition technology professionals Primary education teachers
Animal services workers Food processing workers Printing trades workers
Architects and urban planners Forest workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Archivists and curators Funeral service workers Production managers
Assistants in education Gardeners i orchardists Production organisation professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Glaziers and window fitters Quality specialists
Bakers Graphic and multimedia designers Railway traffic operators
Beauticians Hairdressers Real estate professionals
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Receptionists
Bricklayers and plasterers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Road construction workers
Butchers and fishmongers Health and safety workers Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Household helps Rubber and plastic machine operators
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Human resources and recruitment professionals Sales managers
Cement and stone machine operators Industrial ceramists Salespeople and pos operators
Chefs Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Chemical engineers and chemists Internet salespersons Service managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators IT technicians Shoemakers
Childminders Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Cleaning workers Kitchen helpers Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Clearing and forwarding agents Landscape architects disabled
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Lawyers Social workers
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Construction engineers Logistics managers Special school teachers
Construction installation assemblers Machinery mechanics and operators Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction joiners and carpenters Management and business service managers Sport and recreation instructors
Construction managers Manual workers in production and simple works Stonemasons
Construction supervision inspectors Mechanical engineering technicians Structural metal workers
Construction technicians Mechanical engineers Suppliers
Construction workers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Surveyors and cartographers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research technicians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
interviewers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Teachers of general subjects
Cooks Metal processing workers Telecommunications specialists
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Metal working machine tool setters and operators Textile machine operators
Database designers and administrators, programmers Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dental technicians Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Toolmakers
Dentists Opticians and prosthetics workers Trade representatives
Driving instructors Other education specialists Train drivers
Economists Painters and varnishers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educational counsellors Paper manufacturing and processing machine Travel consultants and clerks
Educators in educational and care institutions operators Upholsterers
Electrical and energetic engineers Passenger car drivers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electronic assemblers Pavers implementation and platform development
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Pharmacists Veterinarians
specialists Photographers Vindicators
Environmental and sustainability workers Physical protection services workers Visual artists and interior designers
Environmental engineering engineers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Waiters and bartenders
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Political scientists, historians, philosophers Webmasters

Republic of Poland

małopolskie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Special school teachers
DEFICIT
Bakers Finishing work technologists in building trades Stock clerks

Bricklayers and plasterers Independent accountants Teachers for practical vocational training
Bus drivers Medical doctors Teachers of general subjects
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Truck drivers
Construction joiners and carpenters Pre-school teachers Uniformed services workers
Construction workers Psychologists and psychotherapists Welders
Cooks Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Social work professionals caring for the elderly and disabled
Acoustics and sound engineers Florists Political scientists, historians, philosophers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Food and nutrition technology professionals Postal clerks
Administration professionals Food processing workers Postmen and package deliverers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Forest workers Potters and glaziers
Ambulance workers Funeral service workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Gardeners i orchardists Primary education teachers
Animal services workers Glaziers and window fitters Printing trades workers
Architects and urban planners Graphic and multimedia designers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Archivists and curators Hairdressers Production managers
Assistants in education Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Production organisation professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Quality specialists
Beauticians Health and safety workers Railway traffic operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Household helps Real estate professionals
Butchers and fishmongers Human resources and recruitment professionals Receptionists
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Industrial ceramists Road construction workers
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Insurance agents Rubber and plastic machine operators
Cement and stone machine operators Internet salespersons Sales managers
Chefs IT technicians Salespeople and pos operators
Chemical engineers and chemists Journalists and editors Secretaries and assistants
Chemical products plant and machine operators Kitchen helpers Service managers
Childminders Landscape architects Shoemakers
Cleaning workers Lawyers Social institutions and culture managers
Clearing and forwarding agents Librarians and related information professionals Social workers
Confectioners Logistics managers Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Construction engineers Machinery mechanics and operators Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction managers Management and business service managers Sport and recreation instructors
Construction supervision inspectors Manual workers in production and simple works Stonemasons
Construction technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Structural metal workers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Suppliers
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Surveyors and cartographers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators technicians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Telecommunications specialists
Dental technicians Metal processing workers Textile machine operators
Dentists Metal working machine tool setters and operators Tinsmiths and laquerers
Driving instructors Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Toolmakers
Educational counsellors Miners and mining plant and machine operators Trade representatives
Educators in educational and care institutions Opticians and prosthetics workers Train drivers
Electrical and energetic engineers Other education specialists Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Electronic assemblers Painters and varnishers Travel consultants and clerks
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Paper manufacturing and processing machine Upholsterers
specialists operators UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Environmental and sustainability workers Passenger car drivers implementation and platform development
Environmental engineering engineers Pavers Veterinarians
SURPLUS
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Pharmacists Vindicators

Farmers and animal producers Photographers Visual artists and interior designers
Farming and forestry advisers Physical protection services workers Waiters and bartenders
Finance professionals Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Webmasters
Economists

Republic of Poland
National/Regional/Province coordinator The person ordering the study

mazowieckie region
Bakers Medical doctors Stock clerks
DEFICIT
Bricklayers and plasterers Nurses and midwives Teachers for practical vocational training
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Teachers of general subjects
Construction installation assemblers Psychologists and psychotherapists Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction joiners and carpenters Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Toolmakers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Social work professionals caring for the elderly and Truck drivers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers disabled Uniformed services workers
Finishing work technologists in building trades Social workers Welders
Independent accountants Special school teachers
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Farmers and animal producers Physical protection services workers
BALANCE
Acoustics and sound engineers Farming and forestry advisers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Administration and office clerks Finance professionals Postal clerks
Administration professionals Florists Postmen and package deliverers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Food and nutrition technology professionals Potters and glaziers
Ambulance workers Food processing workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Forest workers Pre-school teachers
Animal services workers Funeral service workers Primary education teachers
Architects and urban planners Gardeners i orchardists Printing trades workers
Archivists and curators Glaziers and window fitters Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Assistants in education Graphic and multimedia designers Production managers
Automotive diagnosis technicians Hairdressers Production organisation professionals
Beauticians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Quality specialists
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Railway traffic operators
Bus drivers Health and safety workers Real estate professionals
Butchers and fishmongers Household helps Receptionists
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Human resources and recruitment professionals Road construction workers
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Industrial ceramists Rubber and plastic machine operators
Cement and stone machine operators Insurance agents Sales managers
Chefs Internet salespersons Salespeople and pos operators
Chemical engineers and chemists IT technicians Secretaries and assistants
Chemical products plant and machine operators Journalists and editors Service managers
Childminders Kitchen helpers Shoemakers
Cleaning workers Landscape architects Social institutions and culture managers
Clearing and forwarding agents Lawyers Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction workers Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Cooks technicians Textile machine operators
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Metal processing workers Trade representatives
Dental technicians Metal working machine tool setters and operators Train drivers
Economists Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Upholsterers
Educational counsellors Opticians and prosthetics workers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Educators in educational and care institutions Other education specialists implementation and platform development
Electrical and energetic engineers Painters and varnishers Veterinarians
Electronic assemblers Paper manufacturing and processing machine Vindicators
Electronics technology, automation and robotics operators Visual artists and interior designers
specialists Passenger car drivers Waiters and bartenders
Environmental and sustainability workers Pavers Webmasters
Environmental engineering engineers Pharmacists
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Photographers

Republic of Poland

opolskie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Electronics technology, automation and robotics specialists Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
DEFICIT
Ambulance workers Finishing work technologists in building trades Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Bakers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners disabled
Bricklayers and plasterers Independent accountants Social workers
Bus drivers Kitchen helpers Special school teachers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Machinery mechanics and operators Stock clerks
Construction installation assemblers Medical doctors Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction joiners and carpenters Metal working machine tool setters and operators Teachers of general subjects
Construction managers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction workers Nurses and midwives Toolmakers
Cooks Pavers Truck drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Pre-school teachers Waiters and bartenders
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Psychologists and psychotherapists Welders
Acoustics and sound engineers Food and nutrition technology professionals Potters and glaziers
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Food processing workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Administration professionals Forest workers Primary education teachers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Funeral service workers Printing trades workers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Gardeners i orchardists Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Animal services workers Glaziers and window fitters Production managers
Architects and urban planners Graphic and multimedia designers Production organisation professionals
Archivists and curators Hairdressers Quality specialists
Assistants in education Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Railway traffic operators
Automotive diagnosis technicians Health and safety workers Real estate professionals
Beauticians Household helps Receptionists
Biologists, biotechnologists Human resources and recruitment professionals Road construction workers
Butchers and fishmongers Industrial ceramists Rubber and plastic machine operators
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Insurance agents Sales managers
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Internet salespersons Salespeople and pos operators
Cement and stone machine operators IT technicians Secretaries and assistants
Chefs Journalists and editors Service managers
Chemical engineers and chemists Landscape architects Shoemakers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Lawyers Social institutions and culture managers
Childminders Librarians and related information professionals Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Cleaning workers Logistics managers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Clearing and forwarding agents Management and business service managers Sport and recreation instructors
Confectioners Manual workers in production and simple works Stonemasons
Construction engineers Mechanical engineering technicians Structural metal workers
Construction supervision inspectors Mechanical engineers Suppliers
Construction technicians Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Surveyors and cartographers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research technicians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
interviewers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Telecommunications specialists
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Metal processing workers Textile machine operators
Database designers and administrators, programmers Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dental technicians Miners and mining plant and machine operators Trade representatives
Dentists Opticians and prosthetics workers Train drivers
Driving instructors Other education specialists Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educators in educational and care institutions Paper manufacturing and processing machine Uniformed services workers
Electrical and energetic engineers operators Upholsterers
Electronic assemblers Passenger car drivers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Environmental and sustainability workers Pharmacists implementation and platform development
Environmental engineering engineers Photographers Veterinarians
SURPLUS
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Physical protection services workers Vindicators
Farmers and animal producers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Visual artists and interior designers
Farming and forestry advisers Political scientists, historians, philosophers Webmasters
Finance professionals Postal clerks
Florists Postmen and package deliverers
Economists

Republic of Poland

podkarpackie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
DEFICIT
Bricklayers and plasterers Independent accountants Special school teachers

Bus drivers Medical doctors Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Stock clerks
Construction engineers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction joiners and carpenters Pavers Toolmakers
Construction managers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Truck drivers
Construction workers Pre-school teachers Welders
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Psychologists and psychotherapists
Acoustics and sound engineers Farming and forestry advisers Physical protection services workers
BALANCE
Administration professionals Finance professionals Postal clerks

Agricultural and gardening machines operators Finishing work technologists in building trades Postmen and package deliverers
Ambulance workers Florists Potters and glaziers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food processing workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Animal services workers Forest workers Primary education teachers
Architects and urban planners Funeral service workers Printing trades workers
Archivists and curators Gardeners i orchardists Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Assistants in education Glaziers and window fitters Production managers
Automotive diagnosis technicians Graphic and multimedia designers Production organisation professionals
Bakers Hairdressers Quality specialists
Beauticians Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Railway traffic operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Health and safety workers Real estate professionals
Clearing and forwarding agents Lawyers Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals disabled
Construction supervision inspectors Logistics managers Social workers
Construction technicians Machinery mechanics and operators Sport and recreation instructors
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Management and business service managers Stonemasons
interviewers Manual workers in production and simple works Structural metal workers
Cooks Mechanical engineering technicians Suppliers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Mechanical engineers Surveyors and cartographers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Dental technicians technicians Teachers of general subjects
Dentists Medical laboratory diagnosticians Telecommunications specialists
Driving instructors Metal processing workers Tinsmiths and laquerers
Educational counsellors Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Trade representatives
Educators in educational and care institutions Miners and mining plant and machine operators Train drivers
Electrical and energetic engineers Opticians and prosthetics workers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Electronic assemblers Other education specialists Travel consultants and clerks
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Painters and varnishers Uniformed services workers
specialists Paper manufacturing and processing machine Upholsterers
Environmental and sustainability workers operators Veterinarians
SURPLUS
Environmental engineering engineers Passenger car drivers Visual artists and interior designers
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Pharmacists Waiters and bartenders
Farmers and animal producers Photographers Webmasters
Administration and office clerks Food and nutrition technology professionals Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Economists Political scientists, historians, philosophers

Republic of Poland

podlaskie region
Bus drivers Medical doctors Teachers of vocational subjects
DEFICIT
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Truck drivers

Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Teachers for practical vocational training Welders
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Finance professionals Postal clerks
Acoustics and sound engineers Finishing work technologists in building trades Postmen and package deliverers
Administration and office clerks Fishermen Potters and glaziers
Administration professionals Florists PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
BALANCE
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Food and nutrition technology professionals Pre-school teachers
Ambulance workers Food processing workers Primary education teachers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Forest workers Printing trades workers
Animal services workers Funeral service workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Architects and urban planners Gardeners i orchardists Production managers
Archivists and curators Glaziers and window fitters Production organisation professionals
Assistants in education Graphic and multimedia designers Quality specialists
Automotive diagnosis technicians Hairdressers Railway traffic operators
Bakers Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Real estate professionals
Beauticians Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Receptionists
Biologists, biotechnologists Health and safety workers Road construction workers
Bricklayers and plasterers Household helps Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Butchers and fishmongers Human resources and recruitment professionals Rubber and plastic machine operators
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Independent accountants Sales managers
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Industrial ceramists Salespeople and pos operators
Cement and stone machine operators Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Chefs Internet salespersons Service managers
Chemical engineers and chemists IT technicians Shoemakers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Childminders Kitchen helpers Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Cleaning workers Landscape architects disabled
Clearing and forwarding agents Lawyers Social workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Librarians and related information professionals Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Confectioners Logistics managers Special school teachers
Construction managers Manual workers in production and simple works Stock clerks
Construction supervision inspectors Mechanical engineering technicians Stonemasons
Construction technicians Mechanical engineers Structural metal workers
Construction workers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Suppliers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research technicians Surveyors and cartographers
interviewers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Cooks Metal processing workers Teachers of general subjects
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Metal working machine tool setters and operators Telecommunications specialists
Database designers and administrators, programmers Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Textile machine operators
Dental technicians Miners and mining plant and machine operators Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Toolmakers
Driving instructors Opticians and prosthetics workers Trade representatives
Educational counsellors Other education specialists Train drivers
Educators in educational and care institutions Painters and varnishers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Electrical and energetic engineers Paper manufacturing and processing machine Travel consultants and clerks
Electronic assemblers operators Upholsterers
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Passenger car drivers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
specialists Pavers implementation and platform development
Environmental and sustainability workers Pharmacists Veterinarians
SURPLUS
Environmental engineering engineers Photographers Vindicators

Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Physical protection services workers Visual artists and interior designers
Farmers and animal producers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Waiters and bartenders
Farming and forestry advisers Political scientists, historians, philosophers Webmasters
Economists
Wojewódzki Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy

Urzàd Pracy Republic of Poland
w Białymstoku

pomorskie region
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Human resources and recruitment professionals Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
DEFICIT
Bricklayers and plasterers Independent accountants Social work professionals caring for the elderly and disabled
Bus drivers Kitchen helpers Social workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Manual workers in production and simple works Special school teachers
Construction installation assemblers Medical doctors Stock clerks
Construction joiners and carpenters Metal working machine tool setters and operators Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction workers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of general subjects
Cooks Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Pavers Toolmakers
Educational counsellors Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Truck drivers
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Pre-school teachers Uniformed services workers
Finishing work technologists in building trades Primary education teachers Welders
Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Psychologists and psychotherapists
Acoustics and sound engineers Farmers and animal producers Postal clerks
Administration and office clerks Farming and forestry advisers Postmen and package deliverers
BALANCE
Administration professionals Finance professionals Potters and glaziers

Agricultural and gardening machines operators Fishermen PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Air traffic controllers Florists Printing trades workers
Ambulance workers Food and nutrition technology professionals Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food processing workers Production managers
Animal services workers Forest workers Production organisation professionals
Architects and urban planners Funeral service workers Quality specialists
Archivists and curators Gardeners i orchardists Railway traffic operators
Assistants in education Glaziers and window fitters Real estate professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Graphic and multimedia designers Receptionists
Bakers Hairdressers Road construction workers
Beauticians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Rubber and plastic machine operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Health and safety workers Sales managers
Butchers and fishmongers Household helps Salespeople and pos operators
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Industrial ceramists Secretaries and assistants
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Insurance agents Service managers
Cement and stone machine operators Internet salespersons Shipdeck crew, ship and port operators
Chefs IT technicians Shoemakers
Chemical engineers and chemists Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Landscape architects Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Childminders Lawyers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Cleaning workers Librarians and related information professionals Sport and recreation instructors
Clearing and forwarding agents Logistics managers Stonemasons
Confectioners Machinery mechanics and operators Structural metal workers
Construction engineers Management and business service managers Suppliers
Construction managers Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
Construction supervision inspectors Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Construction technicians Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Contact centre agents, survey and market research technicians Textile machine operators
interviewers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Metal processing workers Trade representatives
Database designers and administrators, programmers Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Train drivers
Dental technicians Miners and mining plant and machine operators Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Dentists Opticians and prosthetics workers Travel consultants and clerks
Driving instructors Other education specialists Upholsterers
Educators in educational and care institutions Painters and varnishers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electrical and energetic engineers Paper manufacturing and processing machine implementation and platform development
Electronic assemblers operators Veterinarians
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Passenger car drivers Vindicators
SURPLUS
specialists Pharmacists Visual artists and interior designers

Environmental and sustainability workers Photographers Waiters and bartenders
Environmental engineering engineers Physical protection services workers Webmasters
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Economists

Republic of Poland

śląskie region
Bakers Independent accountants Teachers for practical vocational training
DEFICIT
Bricklayers and plasterers Medical doctors Teachers of general subjects

Bus drivers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Toolmakers
Construction workers Pre-school teachers Truck drivers
Cooks Psychologists and psychotherapists Uniformed services workers
Finishing work technologists in building trades disabled
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Farmers and animal producers Political scientists, historians, philosophers
BALANCE
Acoustics and sound engineers Farming and forestry advisers Postal clerks
Administration and office clerks Finance professionals Postmen and package deliverers
Administration professionals Florists Potters and glaziers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Food and nutrition technology professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Ambulance workers Food processing workers Primary education teachers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Forest workers Printing trades workers
Animal services workers Funeral service workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Architects and urban planners Gardeners i orchardists Production managers
Archivists and curators Glaziers and window fitters Production organisation professionals
Assistants in education Graphic and multimedia designers Quality specialists
Automotive diagnosis technicians Hairdressers Railway traffic operators
Beauticians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Real estate professionals
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Receptionists
Butchers and fishmongers Health and safety workers Road construction workers
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Household helps Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Human resources and recruitment professionals Rubber and plastic machine operators
Confectioners Logistics managers Special school teachers
Construction managers Manual workers in production and simple works Stock clerks
Construction supervision inspectors Mechanical engineering technicians Stonemasons
Construction technicians Mechanical engineers Structural metal workers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Suppliers
interviewers technicians Surveyors and cartographers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Metal processing workers Telecommunications specialists
Dental technicians Metal working machine tool setters and operators Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Trade representatives
Driving instructors Miners and mining plant and machine operators Train drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Opticians and prosthetics workers Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Economists Other education specialists Travel consultants and clerks
Educational counsellors Painters and varnishers Upholsterers
Educators in educational and care institutions Paper manufacturing and processing machine UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electrical and energetic engineers operators implementation and platform development
Electronic assemblers Passenger car drivers Veterinarians
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Pavers Vindicators
specialists Pharmacists Visual artists and interior designers
Environmental and sustainability workers Photographers Waiters and bartenders
Environmental engineering engineers Physical protection services workers Webmasters
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants

Republic of Poland

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Finishing work technologists in building trades Special school teachers
DEFICIT
Bakers Independent accountants Speech therapists and audiophonologists

Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of general subjects
Construction installation assemblers Nurses and midwives Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction joiners and carpenters Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Toolmakers
Construction workers Psychologists and psychotherapists Truck drivers
Cooks Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Welders
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers disabled
Acoustics and sound engineers Fishermen Postal clerks
BALANCE
Administration and office clerks Florists Postmen and package deliverers

Administration professionals Food and nutrition technology professionals Potters and glaziers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Food processing workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Ambulance workers Forest workers Pre-school teachers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Funeral service workers Primary education teachers
Animal services workers Gardeners i orchardists Printing trades workers
Architects and urban planners Glaziers and window fitters Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Archivists and curators Graphic and multimedia designers Production managers
Assistants in education Hairdressers Production organisation professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Quality specialists
Beauticians Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Railway traffic operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Health and safety workers Real estate professionals
Confectioners Librarians and related information professionals Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
interviewers Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Database designers and administrators, programmers technicians Textile machine operators
Dental technicians Medical laboratory diagnosticians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Metal processing workers Trade representatives
Driving instructors Meteorologists, geologists, geographers Train drivers
Educational counsellors Miners and mining plant and machine operators Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educators in educational and care institutions Opticians and prosthetics workers Travel consultants and clerks
Electrical and energetic engineers Other education specialists Uniformed services workers
Electronic assemblers Painters and varnishers Upholsterers
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Paper manufacturing and processing machine UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
specialists operators implementation and platform development
Environmental and sustainability workers Passenger car drivers Veterinarians
Environmental engineering engineers Pavers Vindicators
SURPLUS
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Pharmacists Visual artists and interior designers
Farmers and animal producers Photographers Waiters and bartenders
Farming and forestry advisers Physical protection services workers Webmasters
Finance professionals Political scientists, historians, philosophers
Economists

w Kielcach

warmińsko-mazurskie region
Bricklayers and plasterers Finishing work technologists in building trades Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades
DEFICIT
Bus drivers Independent accountants Teachers for practical vocational training

Construction installation assemblers Medical doctors Teachers of general subjects
Construction joiners and carpenters Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction workers Nurses and midwives Toolmakers
Cooks Pavers Truck drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Welders
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Psychologists and psychotherapists
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Farming and forestry advisers Potters and glaziers
BALANCE
Acoustics and sound engineers Finance professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Administration and office clerks Fishermen Pre-school teachers
Administration professionals Florists Primary education teachers
Agricultural and gardening machines operators Food and nutrition technology professionals Printing trades workers
Ambulance workers Food processing workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Forest workers Production managers
Animal services workers Funeral service workers Production organisation professionals
Architects and urban planners Gardeners i orchardists Quality specialists
Archivists and curators Glaziers and window fitters Railway traffic operators
Assistants in education Graphic and multimedia designers Real estate professionals
Automotive diagnosis technicians Hairdressers Receptionists
Bakers Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Road construction workers
Beauticians Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Rubber and plastic machine operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Health and safety workers Sales managers
Butchers and fishmongers Household helps Salespeople and pos operators
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Human resources and recruitment professionals Secretaries and assistants
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Industrial ceramists Service managers
Cement and stone machine operators Insurance agents Shoemakers
Chefs Internet salespersons Social institutions and culture managers
Chemical engineers and chemists IT technicians Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Chemical products plant and machine operators Journalists and editors disabled
Childminders Kitchen helpers Social workers
Cleaning workers Landscape architects Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Clearing and forwarding agents Lawyers Special school teachers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Librarians and related information professionals Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Confectioners Logistics managers Sport and recreation instructors
Construction engineers Machinery mechanics and operators Stock clerks
Construction managers Management and business service managers Stonemasons
Construction supervision inspectors Manual workers in production and simple works Structural metal workers
Construction technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Suppliers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Surveyors and cartographers
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators technicians Telecommunications specialists
Database designers and administrators, programmers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Textile machine operators
Dental technicians Metal processing workers Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dentists Metal working machine tool setters and operators Trade representatives
Driving instructors Opticians and prosthetics workers Train drivers
Economists Other education specialists Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Educators in educational and care institutions Paper manufacturing and processing machine Uniformed services workers
Electrical and energetic engineers operators Upholsterers
Electronic assemblers Passenger car drivers UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Pharmacists implementation and platform development
specialists Photographers Veterinarians
Environmental and sustainability workers Physical protection services workers Vindicators
Environmental engineering engineers Political scientists, historians, philosophers Visual artists and interior designers
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Postal clerks Waiters and bartenders
Farmers and animal producers Postmen and package deliverers Webmasters

w Olsztynie

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Medical doctors Stock clerks
DEFICIT
Ambulance workers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Tailors and clothing manufacturers
Bakers Nurses and midwives Teachers for practical vocational training
Bricklayers and plasterers Pavers Teachers of general subjects
Bus drivers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Teachers of vocational subjects
Construction installation assemblers Pre-school teachers Toolmakers
Construction joiners and carpenters Primary education teachers Train drivers
Construction workers Psychologists and psychotherapists Truck drivers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Uniformed services workers
Independent accountants Special school teachers
Administration and office clerks Environmental engineering engineers Pharmacists

BALANCE
Administration professionals Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Photographers

Agricultural and gardening machines operators Farmers and animal producers Physical protection services workers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Farming and forestry advisers Postal clerks
Animal services workers Finance professionals Postmen and package deliverers
Architects and urban planners Florists Potters and glaziers
Archivists and curators Food and nutrition technology professionals PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Assistants in education Food processing workers Printing trades workers
Automotive diagnosis technicians Forest workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Beauticians Funeral service workers Production managers
Biologists, biotechnologists Gardeners i orchardists Production organisation professionals
Butchers and fishmongers Glaziers and window fitters Quality specialists
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Graphic and multimedia designers Real estate professionals
Caretakers, doorkeepers, janitors and custodians Hairdressers Receptionists
Cement and stone machine operators Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Road construction workers
Chefs Health and safety workers Rubber and plastic machine operators
Chemical engineers and chemists Household helps Sales managers
Chemical products plant and machine operators Human resources and recruitment professionals Salespeople and pos operators
Childminders Insurance agents Secretaries and assistants
Cleaning workers Internet salespersons Service managers
Clearing and forwarding agents IT technicians Shoemakers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Journalists and editors Social institutions and culture managers
Confectioners Kitchen helpers Social workers
Construction engineers Landscape architects Sociologists and social/economic surveys professionals
Construction managers Lawyers Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Construction supervision inspectors Librarians and related information professionals Sport and recreation instructors
Construction technicians Logistics managers Stonemasons
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Machinery mechanics and operators Structural metal workers
interviewers Management and business service managers Suppliers
Cooks Manual workers in production and simple works Surveyors and cartographers
Crane, hoist and related plant operators Mechanical engineering technicians Telecommunications specialists
Database designers and administrators, programmers Mechanical engineers Tinsmiths and laquerers
Dental technicians Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Trade representatives
Dentists technicians Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Driving instructors Medical laboratory diagnosticians Travel consultants and clerks
Economists Metal processing workers Upholsterers
Educational counsellors Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Veterinarians
Educators in educational and care institutions Opticians and prosthetics workers Vindicators
Electrical and energetic engineers Other education specialists Visual artists and interior designers
Electronic assemblers Painters and varnishers Waiters and bartenders
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Paper manufacturing and processing machine Webmasters
specialists operators
Environmental and sustainability workers Passenger car drivers

Republic of Poland

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks Independent accountants Social workers
DEFICIT
Ambulance workers Kitchen helpers Special school teachers

Bricklayers and plasterers Medical doctors Speech therapists and audiophonologists
Bus drivers Metal working machine tool setters and operators Stock clerks
Construction installation assemblers Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Teachers for practical vocational training
Construction joiners and carpenters Nurses and midwives Teachers of general subjects
Construction workers Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Teachers of vocational subjects
Cooks Pre-school teachers Toolmakers
Earthmoving plant operators and mechanics Primary education teachers Truck drivers
Educational counsellors Psychologists and psychotherapists Uniformed services workers
Educators in educational and care institutions Roofers and sheet metal workers in building trades Welders
Electrical mechanics and electrical assemblers Social work professionals caring for the elderly and
Acoustics and sound engineers Farming and forestry advisers Physical protection services workers
Administration and office clerks Finance professionals Political scientists, historians, philosophers
BALANCE
Administration professionals Fishermen Postal clerks

Agricultural and gardening machines operators Florists Postmen and package deliverers
Analysts, testers and ICT system operators Food and nutrition technology professionals Potters and glaziers
Animal services workers Food processing workers PR, advertising, marketing and sales specialists
Architects and urban planners Forest workers Printing trades workers
Archivists and curators Funeral service workers Product and garment designers and CAD operators
Assistants in education Gardeners i orchardists Production managers
Automotive diagnosis technicians Glaziers and window fitters Production organisation professionals
Bakers Graphic and multimedia designers Quality specialists
Beauticians Hairdressers Railway traffic operators
Biologists, biotechnologists Handicraft workers in leather and related materials Real estate professionals
Butchers and fishmongers Handicraft workers in wood and joiners Receptionists
Car wash, laundry and ironing workers Health and safety workers Road construction workers
Chefs Insurance agents Salespeople and pos operators
Chemical engineers and chemists Internet salespersons Secretaries and assistants
Chemical products plant and machine operators IT technicians Service managers
Childminders Journalists and editors Shipdeck crew, ship and port operators
Cleaning workers Landscape architects Shoemakers
Clearing and forwarding agents Lawyers Social institutions and culture managers
Confectioners Logistics managers Sport and recreation instructors
Construction engineers Machinery mechanics and operators Stonemasons
Construction managers Management and business service managers Structural metal workers
Construction supervision inspectors Manual workers in production and simple works Suppliers
Construction technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Surveyors and cartographers
Contact centre agents, survey and market research Mechanical engineers Tailors and clothing manufacturers
interviewers Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment Telecommunications specialists
Crane, hoist and related plant operators technicians Tinsmiths and laquerers
Database designers and administrators, programmers Medical laboratory diagnosticians Trade representatives
Dental technicians Metal processing workers Train drivers
Economists Opticians and prosthetics workers Upholsterers
Electrical and energetic engineers Other education specialists UX/UI designers/specialists in web product
Electronic assemblers Painters and varnishers implementation and platform development
Electronics technology, automation and robotics Paper manufacturing and processing machine Veterinarians
specialists operators Vindicators
Environmental and sustainability workers Passenger car drivers Visual artists and interior designers
Environmental engineering engineers Pavers Waiters and bartenders
Events, cultural activities and animation organizers Pharmacists Webmasters
Farmers and animal producers Photographers

Republic of Poland

The Occupational Barometer is a one-year forecast of demand for

employees in counties. The study shows what professions they will be in
smaller and greater chances of working in the coming year. The barometer
classifies professions into three groups:
shortage professions in which there should be no difficulties

finding a job in the near future;
balanced professions, i.e. those with the number of job offers will
be close to the number of people able and willing to undertake
their employments;
surplus professions where finding a job may be possible but more
difficult due to the excess of employees fulfilling employers’
requirements.
The study comes from Sweden. Its methodology was developed in the
1990s as part of a broader system for forecasting changes in the labour
market. In 2007, Occupational Barometer was adopted by public service
employees for employment rates in Finland. In Poland, the study appeared
in 2009 and at the beginning, it was carried out only in Małopolska. In
2015 it was extended throughout the entire country.
In 2019, by decision of the Minister responsible for labour, the Barometer

was combined with Monitoring of deficit and surplus professions and is
currently one study called Occupational Barometer.
More information about the study and detailed results of all

editions are available on the website: www.barometrzawodow.pl.
The study is financed from the Labour Fund by Ministry

of Family, Labour and Social Policy.
Publisher: Regional Labour Office in Krakow

Plac Na Stawach 1, 30-107 Kraków, tel. 12 42 87 870, faks 12 42 29 785
e-mail: kancelaria@wup-krakow.pl. www.wup-krakow.pl
The report is available in a digital version on the website

www.barometrzawodow.pl, in the publications bookmark on the website.

Republic of Poland

En Raport Ogolnopolski 2024

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INSTITUTION OF THE MAŁOPOLSKA REGION

Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy

Study summary report

Authors Regional Labour Office in Krakow: Katarzyna Antończak-Świder, Adam Biernat,

Copyright by the Regional Labour Office in Krakow

Copying and distribution may be made with the source indicated.

Linguistic correction, typesetting and printing of the publication:

The publication is distributed free of charge.

2.2. The situation on the labour market 12

3. Results of the Occupational Barometer 18

3.2. Demand for employees 19

3.3. Permanently deficit occupations 22

3.4. Reasons for deficits 23

3.5. Sustainable occupations 25

3.6. Surplus occupations 26

3.7. The situation in voivodeship cities 28

3.8. Diversity of the situation in voivodeships 30

As forecasts by the European Commission indicate, the unemployment rate according

According to the forecast for 2024, there should be no surplus of employees in

Ministry of Family, Labour

5 OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

What is the Occupational Barometer?

This is a one-year forecast of demand for workers in selected occupations.

What is its origin?

1990-2000 survey methodology is being developed in Sweden.

2007 urvey is introduced in Finland, first implemented in the southwestern

2010 Barometer covers all counties in the Malopolska region.

2019 by the decision of the Ministry of Labour, the Barometer is merged

OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Methodology 6

Shortage occupations, where should be no difficulty in finding a job,

Balanced occupation, where the number of job offers will be similar/

Surplus occupations, where it may be more difficult to find a job due

How the results are transferred to regional and national levels?

7 Methodology OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

The panel usually consists of four to ten people. Those include:

ÌÌ Local labour offices’ employees of: labour intermediaries, career counsellors,

How the list of occupations is created?

The applied principle of grouping professions based on similar area of expertise or

OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Methodology 8

What is the Barometer used for?

ÌÌ for career planning (indicates in which professions it is worth to get further

Where to find the results?

9 Methodology OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

2.1. Economic situation

OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Labour market 10

To start with, factors stimulating economic growth in Poland include:

ÌÌ increase in private consumption supported by rising real wages, social

ÌÌ extinction of the negative supply shock that resulted in deceleration

ÌÌ increase in investment, especially in the sector of large enterprises, which

ÌÌ unstable geopolitical situation beyond Poland’s eastern border and in the

ÌÌ lower absorption of European funds due to completion expenditure under the

11 Labour market OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

Increase in the number of people working

OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Labour market 12

Decrease in registered unemployment

13 Labour market OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

BUT fewer job offers

OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024 Labour market 14

Detailed data is shown in table 1.

12 Counted in total: notifications about employment of Ukrainian citizens, declarations of entrustment

15 Labour market OCCUPATIONAL BAROMETER 2024

Number of documents legalizing

Source: own study based on data from CeSAR [accessed: 4/12/2023]