MICROBIOLOGY – 1

REMEMBER ALL QUESTIONS ARE VERY IMPORTANT

RED FOR MOST IMP QUE

BLUE FOR SAME QUE BUT DIFFERENTLY ASKED

GREEN FOR IMP QUE

+ FOR HOW MANY TIMES IT ASK

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
(1) Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. ++++

*Enumerate different methods of detail antimicrobial sensitivity test

(1 mark) and write in about any 2 methods. (6 marks)

(2) Horizontal gene transfers in bacteria. ++

(3) Bacterial growth curve.

(4) Bacteria Cell Wall

a. Draw a labelled diagram of gram-negative bacterial cell wall (3 marks).

b. Write 4 differences between gram positive and only name of 2 gram-

negative cell wall. (3 marks).

c. Write methods for demonstration of cell wall. (1 mark)

(5) write methods. in brief about different aerobic (3 marks) and anaerobic

(3 marks) culture.

(6) Write in brief along with Microscope. labelled diagram, principle, uses of
dark ground Microscope.

(7) Describe different methods of anaerobiosis.

(8) Principle, types and applications of Polymerase chain reactions. (1+4+2).

IMMUNOLOGY
(9) Hypersensitivity (WHOLE) +++++

a. Define Hypersensitivity (1)

b. Classify Hypersensitivity with its basic mechanism (3)

C. Write in details about Type 1 hypersensitivity (8)

* Detail about Type 1 & 4 hypersensitivity reaction. (5+4)

(10) Agglutination reaction and its applications. +++

*Define antigen-antibody reaction. Enumerate the types of antigen antibody

reactions. Describe in detailed about precipitation reactions.

(11) What is complement? Write notes on the complement pathway. (1+6) ++

*What is complement? Explain in detail about classical and alternative

complement pathways. List various effector functions of complement and
also discuss about complement deficiency associated disease.

(12) Write differences between active and passive immunity.

(13) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) & HLA.

(14) Monoclonal antibody.

CVS & BLOOD STREAM

(15) Case ; HIV +++

A 40-year-old male patient complaints of unexplained fever and intermittent

diarrhea with weight loss in last 3 months. Patient gives history of visiting
commercial sex worker in past. On examination generalized
lymphadenopathy observed.

a. Name the probable etiological agent. (1)

b. Write about clinical stages of the disease. (3)

c. Write the laboratory diagnosis of the disease. (3)

*A 40 years old truck driver presented with chronic diarrhea and fever since l
month and also complains about profound weight loss. Patient give history of
contact with sex worker. His tests for HBsAg and HCV were negative.

a. What is probable clinical diagnosis? & What is the most likely etiological
agent? (2)

b. Write in detail about clinical stage 4 of this disease. (4)

c. Write Laboratory diagnosis of the disease & NACO strategies for testing of this
condition.

* Draw a label diagram for HIV virus (1 mark). Write about NACO strategies for
diagnosis of HIV. (6 marks)

*Enlist opportunistic infection associated with HIV/AIDS. Discuss the

laboratory diagnosis and post exposure prophylaxis of HIV.
(16) Write in detail about laboratory diagnosis of malaria. ++

*Life cycle (4) and laboratory diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax. (3)

(17) Case ; Typhoid

12 year old child presented to casualty with fever that is showing Step ladder
pattern. abdominal discomfort & coated tongue since 7 days. Blood and stool
are collected and sent to Microbiology lab.

a. What is your probable diagnosis?

b. Write pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of pathogen.

c. Name vaccine to prevent this infection.

(18) Write in detail about different laboratory diagnostic methods for typhoid
fever along with interpretation criteria.

(19) Pathogenesis & Laboratory diagnosis of Kalazar (Leishmaniasis).

(20) Describe pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of one fungus causing

systemic infections.

(21) Case ; Laptospirosis

A 45 year-old farmer from south Gujarat who works in rice field presented
with fever, chills, myalgia and jaundice since 7 days during monsoon. On
examination, conjunctival hemorrhage was present. In laboratory
investigation raised serum urea, creatine phosphokinase and serum bilirubin
were noted while the test for dengue, malaria and typhoid lever were
negative.

a. What is clinical diagnosis and etiological agents? (2)

b. Write pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of this condition. (5)

(22) Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO): definition, cause and diagnostic tests
for PU0.
(23) Case ; Filariasis

A 55 year male presented with pain & swelling on left arm with fever. Clinical
examination revealed lymphangitis & enlargement of auxiliary lymph nodes.
Blood picture shows the microfilariae with tail tip free nuclei.

a. Name causative agent & draw the diagram of it. (2 marks)

b. Describe life cycle of causative agent. (3 marks)

c. Discuss the pathogenesis of the above organism. (2 marks)

GIT
(24) Case ; Cholera ++++

6-year-old child complain of watery diarrhea with vomiting for 2 days. On

examination Patient show signs of dehydration. On macroscopic examination
stool is showing rice water appearance.

a. Name the probable etiological agent. (1)

b. Mechanism of diarrhea by this agent. (4)

c. Laboratory diagnosis of this discase. (5)

d. Write measures for prevention of this disease. (2)

*A31-year-old male presented to diarrhea with a emergency department with

sudden, severe, profuse complained of muscle rice-watery stool. He vomited
several times and became slightly sweaty. He disease. (12 marks) cramps and
dizziness. He was on an H2-blocker drug for peptic ulcer

a. What is the probable diagnosis? (1 marks)

b. What is the mechanism of action for diarrhea? (4 marks)

c. Write down the different What are the laboratory diagnostic methods for
the same. (4 marks)

d. What are the treatment and preventive modality for the same? (3 marks)

*5 years old child presented to OPD with 12-15 episodes of severe watery
diarrhea and vomiting since 2 days stool is collected and it has rice water type
of appearance.

a. What is your probable diagnosis? (1 marks)

b. Write in details about pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of causative

organism. (5+5 marks)

c. Which are the other species of causative organism? (1 marks)

(25) Write the difference between amoebic and bacillary dysentery.

(26) Describe in detail about pathogenesis, life cycle and laboratory diagnosis
of Strongyloides stercoralis.

(27) Case ; Food poisoning streptococcus

A group of patients presented to emergency department with chief

complains of fever, vomiting & diarrhea due to food poisoning, all of them
attended birthday party 4-6 hours back.

a. Which are the probable etiological agents? (2)

b. Write characteristics of toxin related with it and laboratory diagnosis of

this condition (3)

c. Enlist other microbial agents causing food poisoning. (2)

(28) Case ; Systematic candidiasis

A 30 years HIV infected male presented to emergency department with high

grade fever. On examination hypotension and tachypnea was noted. Blood
cultures yielded creamy white colonies which on gram stain revealed gram
positive oval budding yeast like cells and germ tube test was positive.

a. What is the clinical condition and most likely etiological agent? (2)

b. Enlist the other clinical manifestations caused by this organism. (2)

C. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of this clinical condition in detail. (3)

(29) Write a life cycle, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Enterobius

vermicularis.

HEPATOBILLIARY
(30) Hepatitis B virus ++

a. Enumerate different hepatitis virus with their route of transmission. (2)

b. Write in details about laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus. (5)

* Draw a labelled diagram for Hepatitis B serological markers of hepatitis B

virus in various stages of Hepatitis B virus infection (2 marks). Write in brief
about Hepatitis B vaccine. (5 marks)+

(31) Write in reference to Echinococcus granulosus . ++

a. Life cycle with pathogenesis. (4) b. Laboratory diagnosis. (3)

* Write scientific name of causative organism for Hydatic cyst, its definitive
and intermediate host name, pathogenesis, different diagnostic modality to
detect and treatment modality.

(32) Case ; Hepatic abscess

A 35-year-old male presented with history of abdominal pain, fever & weight
loss. On palpation, abdominal lump was noted on right upper quadrant. USG
examination shows abscess in posterior superior surface of right liver lobe.
On USG guided aspiration, Anchovy sauce like pus is noted.
a. What is clinical diagnosis and etiological agent? (2)

b. Discuss pathogenesis of this condition (2)

c. Write in detail about the laboratory diagnosis of this disease. (3)

(33) Name one bacteria and one virus which infect liver ,describe the
pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of one of them. (1+3+3)

HAI
(34) Define sterilization and write in details about heat sterilization above
atmospheric pressure. +++++

*Define control Sterilization. method and (2 uses marks) Write in detail about
principle, procedure, Quality of Autoclave. (5 marks) ++

*Principle, methods and applications of moist heat sterilization. (1+4+2)

*Define Sterilization and Disinfection. Describe : cold sterilization.

EXTRA
(35) Describe and discuss the role of non-maleficence and autonomy as a
guiding principle in patient care. ++

*Consent: Definition, types and its importance in autonomy. (1+6)

(36) Describe in details about importance of communications skills for doctor-

patient relationship.
 Special Thanks
SHRUT FALADU – VALMED
GOPAL JIVANI – SMIMER

Best Of Luck