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Catullus
2/15
Background
of
traditional Roman
identity is
challenged, n o tf rt
but omhe
bottom
up
-
epicenter is elite
the
poeta n ow thneew
poets
t h e title
Cicero gave them "nou," wa s negative be we re Ro m a n
they unlike other poets
-
The Roman
cultural crisis
begins t hgroup
e poets,
of who
challenged identity
Prior Poetry
Poetry
vs New
we r e
poets usually slaves or members of low
society
Ro m a n elite was
the trained to
be
public figures - wrote oratories & historical accounts
we r e
pastpoetry clear function instructs
c i t i ze n write personal
about values for art, doesn'tn e e d tteach
epics body new poets art o
-
new
the sentiments
challenge old
poets ways
- endorse private they a re a threat
The
B o o k of life i ntellectconsidered feminine sphere
he wrote 120 poems -
Dedicatory
The Poem Catullus
"fresh" -
uses two
he rd to c o n f i r m thatCicero is
right he is new
polished" fo r
art ar t, aesthetic, sophisticated
wa s novel
it for poethimself to
the
gain glory
Lesbla Catullus VI
l a t i n version:p l u m
the key Roman value;fidem pledge members
d evo t i w
on a s community
in connects
loyalty a
he incorporates Roman values into his own personal sphere -
form r ebellion.Inquistic
of crisis via appropriation
of values
by redefining words turnats
recreates new
system
its
revolutionary, which is
why Cicero sees as
it a
AHIS Catullus I
poem abouta
young boy who castrates himself in a moment of
fury
self referential Roman world Catullus endorces his feminine side abouti ndividualistic
viewed as a
poems gender in the is performed by writing things
Philosophy l ove
the ofw isdom
principles of
good life
is a
you is so murderer
Romans
Epicurean Philosophy
The Garden wa s a
tightk n i tcommunity
-
allowed womend his slave join
to
believed u n i ve rs e wa s
the infinite, free will due atomic swerve, natural phenomenons due tnature
was to were o
gods
not
aponia -
freedom physical suffering
f ro m us ataraxia - freedom from mental
suffering
he believed in
gods,
the think
didn't
but
they i nvolved
weren't in human affairs - shouldn'tb e feared
he believed death wa s
just analation -
shouldn'tb e feared
movementi nfluenced
many Romans Caesar stoic;Lucretius;Cicero
who
againstCato,
his -
was was
tR ise
he
Christianity
opposed his movement
thoughtG o d
they was
always present
-
of
Lucretius' On the
N a t u re
things
of
N a t u re of
On the
things didactic epic is about
teaching
it a
poem philosophy
-
is a
books 1
& 2.physics -
atoms
thing
the c a n ' tb e
that cut, multiple expanding universes thatw i l l eventually perish
304:Logic, induction, made up atoms mortal and death shouldn'tb e feared because doesn'tex i s t
books uses
anthropology,o u r souls of we a re
-
a re it
on of is
Religion
causes greatesth u m a n
the crime -
enslaves and human
corrupts minds
Polybius on
Religion
Ethics -
Epicurean
fe a r
the ot
gods,
f he desire accumulate realth,
to
political c a re rs disruptt h a t Ataraxia
the lives a
hidden with small f riends Rom an state
greatE picurean group of
away from the
History -
Caesar
History -
the Senate
sponsors Octavian so can
they defeatAntony - like how sided
they withPompey against
Caesar
they wanted to
it be
approved by the Romans -
History -
Triumvirate
2nd
The Triumvirate learned from Caesar's forgiveness, which
goth i m
killed
they of
make the list
conscription:r i d s of
them enemies, getm oney
Virgil's 3
Major Works
Bucolics
gett hfe poetry,Geogics,Aenued
in this environment, we i rs two r k of
Virgil Eclogues -
pastoral
Pastoral Poetry
genre begins
The G re e k
i n the world
place
the is populated by shepherds, who
compete in
singing competitions and have no wor ries
re a l world,
escapistp oetry-runs away from the lives in a world of their ow n
imagination;love, beauty, pleasure;n o politics;illusion
Eclogues
t h e harsh
I reality of w a r shatters
pastoral
the role can
poetry & beauty survive?
-
poetry
was
son of Cassar,
Octavian mills this -
he claims he is the who is
according D e t av i a r
to -
n ow divine, so he is son divine
of
he back the
myth J u l i a n family,Octavian
Aeneas, the Venus
brings of claims his
pedigre that
goes
all
way
the back to
Antony Background
he
goes
Eastt o
getmoney & forces;mar riage Cleopatra
to in
Egypt
concession
Egyptwa s important
to -
grains
and wealth
he creates a w
connec Hercules
tioni t h
-
greatexplorer of
the the East
East
he creates a connection
Dionysus
with -
god of the
he declares wa r
Cleopatra
against
-
against East,
th e n oa
t civil wa r
Aeneid:Book I I I
The
claims
Augustus Caesar
taughtfo r s e n a te
the & people;t hEgyptians
e were described as luxurious & diverse -
united,
not barbaric ch aot i c
Augustus is
sitting on
temple
the of Apollo when the
triumph ends -
Oc tavian wins
Mon
Battle
The of Actium & The
Princeps
2127
Horace 1.37
in
what
w e read what the believes
is nar rator not
necessarily opinion of the
the author
-
Horace allows tB
hea t t l e of Actium tb
o e narrated by 2
perspectives -
since Egyptian perspective
the is last, is
it
dominant;positions a re unreconciled
History
31 B a t t l e of Actium:Octavian defeats
The Guil War
Antony & ends the
-
what
is republic
Octavian's role after he has restored the
everyone prior
had been killed
1 inherited the
we a l t h Carmies Cassar, againstA ntony
in 44, he of which he raised
constitutional
power
27, says he has the influence actoritas and o fficial, executive power I still affect politics
beginning in he power of not imperium dangerous can
-
Horace was born in 65BCE;h i s father was a slave, butw h e n Horace was born, he was still a free Roman citizen
m i d sto f of bad?
4 Caesar
puts in the
gods
the -
6 for s i n s of
your ancestors;only resolved by appeasing gods, current m o re immoral societies
you pay
the the
gives
society rise to
Horace Odes 1 - 6
these odes
engage in Roman themes & reflectAugustus' political discourse
a b o u tmilitary courage
# -
#a
I bout
justice
Augustus' policies a re a n
attemptt o
go back tt
oh e
good old days
w/
juxtaposition Crassus (triumuir rl Pompey & Caesar, failed u s Partheons)
expedition Regulus (1stP unicto
captive by
War: Carthineans & dus wl honor
Ire t u r n t
t oh eold Roman pretas
I - 3 6 :poetic
# autobiography & Horace,3 74 2 :Octavian,4 2 - 8 0 :t h
gods
e
(Octavian is in middle
the
ground blow human a godl
beginning,
In the Morace is beneficiary
the of the Muses
h i m s e l ft o wantt o
Augustus always makes sure tothe Jupiter doesn't be a
king, justwants trestore the Republic
-
not o
Golden
The Age
Hesiod The
Golden Race:t h
teime Kronus/Saturn, Jupiter,harmonious
of relations
mp ul nature,n o labor,peace, maternal nature
-
not
40s,
in the
Italy faces horrible for peace framed return tt
ohGeo l d e n
Age
things, longing
the is as a
Eclogue approx4 O s
I
New Golden
In 17, he claims he is
ushering in a Age - the of
reality Ealogue 4
Augustus builds
many A l t a r of
structures:The Peace;t hrepresent
e the Golden Age
The
Georgies
didactive poetry
-
IV: Cato's On
I :agriculture, I I :trees, III:
raising herds, beekeeping - s i m i lar to
Agriculture
Orpheus -
tf
hierst poet
-
is able ts
oo o t h e Hades so he can retur n Eurydice, buth e looks back on the
way I loses her forever
world of
he tells nature his
story -
vo i c e
the
poetry
of is
only thing thatc a n
the n a t u re
tame in
the human
progress
buti n e
t nd,
he tvo
he i c e
poetry
of is silenced;e ve n nature succurs th
to ve
i o l e n ce h u m a n nature
of
#136-176 tP
her a i s e s of
Italy
brings you
b ack
Eclogue
to 4 -
same Golden Age features (textu s subtext)
unmasks t h e
reality of Augustus -
undermines his nar rative of Golden
the
Age