A NOVEL APPROACH TO PREDICT BLOOD GROUP IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

R. JANANI
ABSTRACT

The traditional methods of blood group identification rely on time-consuming and

manual laboratory techniques. In this project, we propose a novel approach that leverages
machine learning algorithms to predict blood groups swiftly and accurately. Our system aims to
enhance the efficiency of blood group identification, especially in emergency situations where
rapid and precise information is crucial for medical interventions. The most reliable and unique
feature of human identity is the blood group prediction. The prediction cannot be changed and
remains as is till death of an individual. Till date in the cases of events considerations blood
group is considered as most important evidence even in court of law. The minutiae pattern of
each human is different and the chance of having similarity is very less almost one in sixty-four
thousand million. The minutiae pattern is different even for twins. The ridge pattern is also
unique and remains unchanged from birth of individual. The method given in this paper consist
of matching of minutiae feature pattern extracted from blood for person identification system.
The problem of blood group is also investigated with this project. The blood prediction is
processed with the estimation of ridge frequency.

Keywords: blood group, predict blood, machine learning, minutiae pattern, human

INTRODUCTION

Blood types were discovered by Austrian Karl Landsteiner in 1901. ABO blood group system
and the Rh D blood group system are the most important blood group system used for
determining blood group of a person and the test used for determining the blood group is blood
typing. [1]The blood groups are defined by the presence or absence of a specific antigen on the
surface of a red blood cell. There are four ABO blood groups: A, B, AB and O. They refer to the
presence of different antigens on the red blood cells and antibodies in the blood. Blood group O
means you have neither antigen present on the surface of RBC and antibodies A and B in the
blood, but blood group AB means you have both the A and B antigens present and no antibodies
in the blood. [2] Blood group A has antigen A present on the surface and antibody B in the
blood, while blood group B has antigen B present on the surface and antibody A in the blood.
Referring to Rh D blood group system, one more antigen called Rh D is involved while
determining the blood group.[3] If D antigen is present on the red blood cells of a person then
he/she is Rh D positive, while one who does not have D antigen on the red blood cells is Rh
negative. [4] While having a blood transfusion, blood grouping is very important. If there is any
incompatibility while transfusing blood, it can be fatal causing intravenous clumping in the
patient’s blood. Antigens on the red blood cells in the blood of the person receiving blood can be
attacked by the antibodies produced in the blood due to incompatibility. Naturally occurring anti-
bodies are not present in the blood of a person having blood group O, hence person with blood
group O can safely donate blood to a person with any other blood group.[5] Similarly, a person
with blood group AB can receive blood from a person having any other blood group safely due
to absence of antibodies in the blood. A person with positive blood group can be given either Rh
D positive or Rh D negative blood, but a person with negative blood group can only receive
blood from a person with Rh D negative blood. Hence, a person with O -ve blood group is an
universal donor whereas one with AB +ve blood group is a universal receiver. [6]There is a
scope for determining blood group and the software developed is by using image processing
techniques. Three samples of blood are taken on a slide, each mixed with reagent anti-A, anti-B
and anti-D respectively. After sometime, agglutination occurs and the result is interpreted
according to the occurrence of agglutination. The agglutination reaction is the occurred reaction
between the antibody and the antigen, indicating the presence of a particular antigen. The
condition of the occurrence of agglutination determines the blood group of the patient. Thus, the
image captured after mixing specific reagents and consequently the blood group of the patient is
determined.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The blood connection conspicuousness of any of individual or young lady, dark red cells of
that individual or young lady are joined in with pick neutralizer plans. If, for example, the
technique incorporates of threatening to B antibodies and the man or lady or young lady has B
antigens on cells, it'll pack. If the blood doesn't answer for any of the counter An or negated to B
antibodies, it's far blood charge O. An advancement of checks with prohibitive kinds of
antibodies is most likely completed to comprehend blood gathering. In the event that the
man or lady or young lady has a blood holding, the blood of the man or lady or young lady is
most extreme likely tried converse to an establish of closest partner cells that incorporates
of ABO and RhD antigens. In the event that there might be no response, nearest
accomplice blood with an equivalent ABO and RhD kind is plausible completed. It shows
that the blood has answered with brilliant immunizer and is thusly now not, at this part first
class with blood containing any such butchering proficient oversee If the blood doesn't
agglutinate, it proposes that blood doesn't have antigens denying the heavenly consistent
response with inside the reagent. In the cutting-edge structure, the blood charge is settled truly.
At the advanced time, plans, for aides of development, for example, reverse to a,
threatening to b, antagonistic to d to the a few exercises of blood happened. After severa time,
agglutination can moreover besides in like way occur. Subordinate upon the agglutination,
the blood get-together might be forced with the guide of utilizing the man or lady truly. The
shortcomings of this shape are more prominent chances of human botches are possible. No
one except for experts can illuminate the blood request with the guide of utilizing looking on
the agglutination system. The favored procedure for seeing the blood percent is frequently the
plate check and the chamber check. The of which can be cultivated with the guide of
utilizing beneath complete basic strategies with human understanding. In the contemporary
season of digitization, it is for all intents and purposes now not, at this point a profitable
strategy to control a serious basic yet crucial logical procedure in a total genuine
atmosphere. There are in like manner or 3 techniques, for example, little plate testing and gel
centrifugation. Fernandes, et al. given the check paper permit thinking about that ABO, Rh
while everything is expressed in done, inverse, and by skip making arrangements individuals
blood cost is modest with the made contraption and strategy. They proposed contraption that
licenses blood portrayal ID near the patient, out of entries a normal lab, without the need of to
be a particular emphasize to get to the reduction a lump of the convey a glance at impeded result
of blood, and in a brief timeframe range (five min). The fast response time with the guide of
utilizing contraption pulls in us it will probably be used in incident events, that may be a
prominent cycle remoted and the altered business endeavor project mission structures used in
consistent labs (in standard, response range of 30 min). Also, the framework and review show
completed to the adaptation's affiliation is basic, without the need of examine crippling or
achieve periods. The adaptation adjusted over into had been given finished with noncomplex
set up presented materials for a straightforwardness gadget. The completed contraption sees
agglutinated from non-agglutinated audits the utilization of a redirection affiliation figuring
(made with the guide of utilizing the producers), contemplating the assortment of OD
discrete tests of significant worth conclusions, for each blood assess. The contraption
movement adjusted over into kept up for ABO, Rh regularly, reverse, and byskip making
arrangements human blood making relying on partner's blood esteem conclusions gave with
the guide of utilizing the IPST and review results concurred with their illustrating the use
of their amazing hanging authentications business venture undertaking mission and changed
structures. S. Pimenta, et al. The appraisal cost is walking withinside the advancement of
changed and decline again gadgets for wise applications. An energy of this arrangements is
the advancement of a decline while more, irrelevant undertaking, adaptable and changed
structure to blood making in a disaster events, adopting into thought a spectrophotometric
strategy and inward looking through agglutination (financing among red platelets' floor and
unequivocal reagents). The usage of a trustworthy and speedy exploratory superstar offers
choosing blood developing and interfaces with the universe of a modified adjusted structure.
This shape is most extreme perhaps effective to diminish exceptional snags of the better
frameworks and structures than blood developing. The effects is likely welcomed on with
the manual of utilizing various mixes that makes widely more examined excitedly the
universe of a reestablish up structure, as an occasion, the basic structure completed for
spectrophotometric surveys; the agglutination energizing, which have an effect at the dividers
among direct and study reviews; the time spent inside suitable cutoff factors
straightforwardness while you remember that it's far legitimate predicted blood and reagents
crushing; and entire spectra test as smart as time licenses considering the way that the
agglutinated cells persistently will the entire part of the more significant consistently talking get
settled the discount a piece of the cuvette. 2

3. PROPOSED METODOLOGY

Firstly, three samples of blood are mixed with three different reagents namely anti-A, anti-B and
anti-D are taken on a slide. After sometime, agglutination may or may not occur. After the
occurence of agglutination, the slide containing three samples of blood mixed with three
different reagents is captured as an image and allowed to process in MATLAB image processing
toolbox. This system reduces the chances of false detection of a blood group. The digital images
of blood samples are obtained from the hospital/laboratory consisting of a color image composed
of three samples of blood. These images are processed using image processing techniques
namely feature extraction, clustering, HSV luminance.

ADVANTAGES

Easy to determine the blood of multiple patients at a time.

 Compare to existing system detection procedure is fast.

 Reduce the human errors.

 Need not expert person

Figure 1. Blood samples with agglutination and their standard deviation values (positive).

Figure 2. Blood samples without agglutination and their standard deviation values
(negative).

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Analytics is the process of discovering, analyzing, and interpreting meaningful patterns
from large amounts of data . The total 82 students fingerprint image data collected from
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, where 34 females’ students and
48 male students. All ten fingerings of everyone with blood group are capture and pre-
processed to create feature matrix. The feature matrix contains the features of a single
fingerprint

The Chi square analysis result of captured data shown as follows: Ha: There is an association
Between Gender and Blood Group H0: There is no association between Gender and Blood
Group Values of the standard deviation for the samples.

Figure 3: Gender vs ABO Blood Group

5. CONCLUSION

This proposed work is successfully completed under the roboust testing process with different set
of attributes as input,It also very fast while comparing to the existing blood group judgment
methods with this proposed system for the rapid and accurate identification of blood types in the
case of emergency transfusion. A large number of experiments show that this method can
quickly and accurately identify whether the serum and antibody agglutination reaction, and then
get blood type determination, to meet the needs of automated rapid blood type analyser

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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