BIOCHEM LECTURE

LESSON 1 E.g. change the appearance of serum or parenting

shikari of fiber wool or cotton silk material. The
BIOCHEMISTRY use of technology addresses the problems of
- involved in the development of many products sustainability as the silk is produced in the
and processes used every day. absence of animal or petroleum material

- the medical products such as discovery and

improvements D. MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE- involved
- DNA recombinant technology which can be used in the development of new drugs understanding
to make important molecules such as insulin and diseases at a molecular level designing
food personalized treatment

DEFINITION OF BIOCHEMISTRY E. DIAGNOSTIC TEST - test aid in diagnosing

- study of structure composition and chemical
reactions of substances in living things
- noted for food, cosmetics, and fashion for
healthcare
APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
A. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD- fertilizer
(Nitrate) improves plant grow quality fertilizer or
NPK
- plays a very important role in nutrition and
health
diseases or monitoring organ function
- evaluation overall health through blood test,
urine analyses, and other diagnostic procedures
F. GENETIC ENGINEERING- biochemical
techniques are employed to modify and engineer
the DNA of organisms leading to advancement in
agriculture medicine and industry.
G. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING-
biochemical analyst used to measure pollution you
will monitor water quality as assess soil health and
study the impact of chemicals in ecosystem

B. NUTRITION- gene technology used to

improve example wheat, rice, potato H. BIOTECHNOLOGY- biotechnological
- food contamination biochem is essential in applications such as production of enzymes
nutrients biofuels and pharmaceuticals

- value test ( percent or cons of nutrients vitamins

and minerals content of food that can be used to
improve the quality of life)
• APPLICATION: knowledge on the effects of
high quantities of sugar and fats enables doctors
(nutrients) to advise patients under chartery chores
sports and exercises
C. FASHION INDUSTRY-biochemistry is used
in the biotechnological applications in the textile
industry
- ENZYMES - bleach + wash plus and tiles to
change the property of nothing
I. FORENSIC SCIENCE - biochemistry assist in
forensic investigation by analyzing DNA
determining the case of death in criminal
J. PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS -
development of cosmetics skincare products and
hair care
K. FOOD PRESERVATION- biochemical
techniques such as canning freezing and
pasteurization and food preservation

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E.g Alfoxin- carcinogen substance that produces Cadaver - is what our body contains more carbon
cancer( peanuts mold, additives like food coloring it is also the most important element in life
and salitre (potassium nitrate))
FBS- Fasting Blood Sugar
Other things that contain carbon:
• Diamond - expensive stone that can break glass
L. DRUG DISCOVERY - improvement of
existing medication • Graphite- tip of your pencil

DRUG TESTING + TOXICOLOGY- ensuring • Extinguisher

safety
M. CANCER RESEARCH - studying the
molecular mechanisms of cancer developing
tangled therapies exploring diagnostic biomarkers.
LESSON 2
• Dry Ice
• Soda
Carbon(C): a nonmetallic chemical element with
atomic number 6 that readily forms compounds
with many other elements and is a constituent of
organic compounds in all known living tissues.

Division of chemistry and biochemistry- as it is 12g. Mole Atomic Mass

physical and a combination of natural science. 6 Atomic number with 4 valence electrons
• Biological/ Biology - living things
• Natural- nonliving things Hydrocarbon (HC): is any of a class of organic
chemicals made up of only the elements carbon
(C) and hydrogen (H).
"Chemotherapy was innervated by
biochemistry."
Hydrocarbon Compounds - The simplest
organic compounds are those composed of only
Radiation: elements used as radioactive that kills two elements: carbon and hydrogen. These
cancer cells and good cells compounds are called hydrocarbons. Alkanes,
Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons.
E.g cobalt and thyroid -that can be transmitted in
using patients utensils. 1. Long chain
Other cancers- cannot be transmitted but can be
seen in genes

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid- it is responsible 2. Branched

for the existence of non and living things in
biology

Organic chemistry- compounds containing

carbon it is also a formation of black residue.
example is sugar/table sugar/sucrose
2 diff of ring
1. Aliphatic HC- do not contain benzene ring

BIOCHEM LECT
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2. Arophatic HC- contain benzene ring ({} Characteristics:
Some of the Alkenes like Alkanes physical
properties are similar, they are colorless, nonpolar
IUPAC- INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE and combustible.
AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Cn H2n Cn H2n

LESSON 3
Uses of Alkenes- it is a double bond
- Use in the synthesis of alcohols, plastics,
lacquers, detergents, and fuel materials.
Ethylene- for repining fruits and vegetables
triggers further repining.
- Raw materials for plastic such as;
Polythene, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
polypropylene polystyrene (styro)
- Manufacture of polystyrene used in
making car battery cases and parts of the
refrigerator.
- Making ethane- 1.2 diol used as anti-
freezing for motor car radiators.
- Manufacture of ethanol and synthetic fiber
terylene
- Making an anti-knock for car engines
- Manufacture of plastic, and polypropene
for making rope and packaging materials.
- Manufacture propanol used in making
acetone.
- Manufacture of acrylic fibers.
It can be found widely in nature which includes:
 Octene- a constituent of lemon oil
 Octadecene (C 18 H 36) found in fish liver
- Dienes (2 double bonds) and
polyenes (3 or more double bonds)
 Butadiene C H 2=CH CH =C H 2is found
in coffee lycopene and the carotenes are
isomeric Polyenes (C 40 H 5 6) that give the
attractive red, orange, and yellow colors to
watermelons, tomatoes, carrots, and other
fruits and vegetables. Vitamin A, essentials
to good vision is delivered from a
Carotene.
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Alkynes uses: C n H 2 n−2

1. Rocket Fuel
2. Drug production- used in the manufacture
of many drugs such as antiretroviral
efavirenz and antifungal terbinafine.
3. Production of neoprene- nonnatural rubber
that does not burn
4. Anti-tumor agent- they are dangerous for
humans when used in pharmaceuticals,
however specific alkynes known as
enediynes hold a very strong and
aggressive anti-tumor.
5. Welding and cutting- acetylene- capable of
producing the hottest flame to weld and
cut materials.
6. Portable lighting- acetylene was first used
to light portable lamps- known as
acetylene gas lamps installed in homes,
cars, and bicycles.
7. Making organic compounds such as
ethanoic acid, acrylic acid, and ethanol.
8. Used as organic solvents ex. Ethyne- used
in the preparation of organic solvents.
Acetylene- the simplest Alkynes

BIOCHEM LECT