NUST

National University of Science

And Technology Islamabad

Organic and Biochemistry

Lab Assignment

Name: Inam Ullah

Sec.: ChE-12A
Reg. No: 285055
Group: A
Submitted to:
Arslan Haider
Applications of Organic and Biochemistry
In Chemical Engineering

Organic Chemistry:
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the compounds
having carbon as the key element. Biochemistry deals only with the chemistry
of reactions taking place inside a living organism. This branch of chemistry was
originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been
broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of
application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not
limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and
cosmetics.

Bio Chemistry:
It is the study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants
animals and micro organisms and the change they undergo during
development and life. It is the study of biological processes at cellular and
molecular level.It focuses on what’s happening inside cells, studying
components like proteins, lipids, and organelles. It also looks at how cells
communicate with each other, for example, during growth or fighting illness.
Biochemistry covers a range of scientific disciplines, including genetics,
microbiology, forensics, plant science, and medicine.

Chemical Engineering:
Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies physical sciences
(physics and chemistry) and elements of other engineering faculties like
mechanical engineering, together with applied mathematics and economics to
produce, transform, transport, and properly use chemicals, materials, and
energy.

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Applications:

In petroleum Industry
Organic and Biochemistry has also its applications in petroleum Industry which
includes processes of exploration, extraction, refining of petroleum products
such as gasoline, fuel oil, LPG, Kerosene. Petroleum is also the raw material for
many chemical products in chemical industries, including pharmaceuticals,
solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics.
In Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical industry deals with the production and distribution of drugs
and medicines used to treat various diseases in humans as well as animals.
These drugs must be properly tested before they are administered in humans.
For this purpose, biochemists study their effects on body cells and tissues.
Moreover, they study DNA, proteins and cell parts to see what types of
chemicals are required to treat a particular disease.

In Soap and detergents

These both made from organic compounds. Soap is made by the saponification
reaction, which is the reaction of hydroxide and an organic molecule, e.g.,
animal fat, to produce glycerol and crude soap. Detergents contain products
that come from oil. While soap is an emulsifier, detergents tackle oily, greasy
(organic) soiling as they are surfactants, which lower the surface tension of
water and increase the solubility of organic compounds.

In Enzymes industries:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without the reaction
and its components being modified chemically. Like chemical plants, speeding up
reactions on a larger scale enables chemical engineers to benefit economically. It
saves them the expense of heat as enzymes lower the temperature for reactions
to take place. Some reactions require high pressures and stronger equipment,
which would require more money, is needed to withhold those higher pressures.
Enzymes help prevent money loss by also enabling the reaction to take place at a
lower pressure. In the biofuel industry, an example of this is seen where
cellulases are used to break down cellulose into fermentable sugars.
In textile industry
Organic and Biochemistry also find its applications in
textile industry (A chemical engineer can play a role in recovery of other

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chemicals used extensively in textile industry) to make different kind of cloth
fibers used in our daily life such as cotton, silk, Nylon.

In Fertilizer Industry
A fertilizer is a natural or synthetic chemical that is used to provide essential
nutrients to plants and crops. Natural fertilizer includes animal matter,
animal waste like manure and vegetable and food compost etc. All these
are composed of biomolecules. Synthetic fertilizers contain elements like
nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus etc. Using biochemistry, we study the
effects of various fertilizers on soil fertility and thus, plant growth.

In Food Industry
Food is a vital part of our lives. We cannot live without it. With the world
population increasing exponentially day by day, the food industry must
come up with ways to meet everyone’s food needs. Moreover, there is a
need to improve food quality and durability. With the knowledge of
biochemistry, we have developed food colorings, flavorings to improve
appearance and taste, additives and preservatives to increase shelf-life, as
well as food supplements. Cultured meat, which is lab grown meat, is also
an emerging industry that utilizes biochemistry.

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