Lifestyle Diseases

by
Prof DR dr Gusbakti Rusip,MSc,SpKKLP,AIFM
Lifestyle diseases

• Diseases caused partly by unhealthy

behaviors and partly by other factors.
 Controllable Risk Factors

• Factors include habits, behaviors, and

practices one can change.
– Diet
– Body weight
– Physical activity
– Sun exposure
– Smoking
– Alcohol consumption
 Uncontrollable risk factors

• Risk factors that cannot be changed or controlled

– Age
– Gender
– Ethnicity
– Heredity
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

• Diseases and disorders that result from

progressive damage to the heart and blood
vessels.

• Leading cause of death in the United States

Risk Factors for CVD’s

• Smoking
• Being overweight
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
 High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

• Increased force exerted against walls of

arteries which puts extra strain on the heart.

• “Silent Killer”; people don’t realize they have

it until they have a heart attack.

• Hypertension can eventually damage the

kidneys and eyes.
Atherosclerosis

• Disease characterized by the buildup of

fatty materials on the walls of the arteries.
Heart attack

• The damage and loss of function of an area

of the heart muscle.

• Caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

Stroke

• The damage and loss of function of an

area of the brain.

• Caused by loss of blood flow to the brain.

– Blood clot
– Burst vessel
Detection of CVD’s

• Blood pressure

• Electrocardiogram – ECG or EKG

• Ultrasound

• Angiography
Treatment of CVD’s

• Diet and exercise

• Medications
• Surgery
• Angioplasty
• Pacemakers
• Transplants
Preventing CVD’s

• Lower fat and salt intake

• Keep weight near recommended levels
• Don’t smoke
• Exercise regularly
• Monitor blood pressure
• Relax!
Cancer

• A disease caused by uncontrolled cell

growth.
 Tumors

• Masses of abnormal cells.

• Malignant Tumor – mass of cells that invades

and destroys healthy tissue.

• Benign Tumor – non-cancerous mass of cells

that develops in the body.
Causes of Cancer

• Genetics

• Carcinogens – cancer causing agents

– Certain viruses – HPV (cervical cancer)
– Radioactivity and ultraviolet radiation.
– Chemicals found in tobacco smoke.
– Asbestos
– Toxic chemicals.
Detecting Cancer

• Self-exams
• Biopsy
• X-Rays
• MRI
• Blood and DNA tests
 Warning signs of Cancer

Change in bowel or bladder habits.

A sore that doesn’t heal.
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness.
 Treating Cancer

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy

Usually, a combination of the above mentioned

treatments are used.
 Preventing Cancer

• Don’t smoke
• Protect your skin
• Eat more vegetables and decrease fat
• Stay active and maintain a healthy weight
• Get regular medical check-ups.
Diabetes

• The body’s inability to produce sufficient

amounts of insulin resulting in an inability
to metabolize glucose.
Insulin

• A hormone produced in the pancreas that

causes cells to remove glucose from the
bloodstream.
Diabetic coma

• Loss of consciousness due to a high

concentration of blood sugar in the
bloodstream.
Insulin Shock

• Disorder caused by high concentration of

insulin and a low concentration of blood
sugar.
Types of diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes
– Insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes.
– Body doesn’t make insulin

• Type 2 Diabetes
– Non-insulin dependent diabetes.
– Commonly occurs in people over 40 and people
who are obese.

• Gestational Diabetes
– Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.
 Treating Diabetes

• Type 1: monitoring of blood-sugar levels and

insulin injections
• Type 2: diet and exercise. Weight control.

• Gestational: diet and exercise.

Preventing Diabetes

• No way to prevent Type 1 Diabetes.

• Reducing risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

– Maintain healthy weight.
– Avoid tobacco products.
– Monitor sugar intake.
– Reduce stress in your life.