Formula Sheet CLASS 12 g w h é DG, Neextkaksha | Umesh Saini | Vaishali S- Electaie Changes and. fialds Changes Uke ChOyges repel each other us oe oe Positive Negative Unlike charges wiract each other Charges Chaages 9 6 Propenties of Change f I I Quantisation Addi tively Conservation REMe Get = EY total charge of an (solated whese, N= 0, 1,2... system 1S constant e@ IS an charge teu et wy Coulornb's (ow @=b6X 10% Fe K 91% K=_L__= 9x 109 N-m?/c> ae UTE, Vector form, Gig —____e42 si x <——_ 2 — Fa K Wd hy a 2 nine(ple of Superposition , B= Pat Fy t Pig t...-+ Pin | = 8-854 x 107? c2/n-m2 F a Li Ay, 4M Eo i2 Nyy vy blectne field C= FE |mlP= Ka] o [P-L % e Yo oe we | 9 $F 0 vector form, = test chorge 1 H% + Ye, ne sy Relative Penmitivi ly fo = Puamikivity im free spose E = Penmilivity ve rectum line arse tev] §tunedr Chorge density A= dg/at , 4 = Afae Surface Charge densify r= dg/dA , a= faa Volume Chorge aensitfy Pzadg/dv , 42 Pfov ‘Sy blectric field due toa system of change he ry Pisa point where we want 1 find Electme field due system of ‘n’ charges. 1 ¢ 4i_n, 7 4m, fine unit - e-m blecunce dipole moment rr om — Cat] P= 2qabh Umit vector vw dinection of B SY Clectnio field cue 192 a dépole (ii) dL squatonial position G) At axial position > i =) E, ap E y Eovial = avial = Tie 2 aque. = Tne te ‘wy Tonque on a dipole um a external umfonm field T= BRE = pesine| or SF solid Angle ow = dA jor a 6= angie ae b= fear | on |, = § cancoss dimension ~ [mu3 13a") gy Area Vector nee A m= unit vector Electhic flux between W&R Umit — N-m*/e 6, = & = §baK fa sy Gauss Theorem Sy pplicotion of gauss’s (aw W Field due to an unfinitely long wire. stnaight uniformly chan ged &) Aue 6 unfoumly chan infinite plane oa ¢ ged anf ivilide ReaT ATA aie w]dix) Field due t0 Uniformly changed tun spherical shell. (a) Outside the shell Cx>R) (b) Ab surface (x= R) =o Rt £5 rr (C) Ab an Internal point (n< R) = 0 Cain (NM) Field due t solid non- conducting sphere (@) Outside the shell CH>R) (6) Ak susface (n= k) Eoug = Re Eo, 7 LR out ae ES at an internal Point CHéR) 6,2 2a in 3‘Br Electnostatic Potential [V- W] ‘Potential difference Wey ae 4 Yo. = Potential vA Gradient F Wowk [w= qx av BS Velocity me SpElectnie Potentios as Linear Integra |v > -f Cdn bs Sr electhic Potential at a point cue to a Point = charge ‘MElectnic Potential due to an Electric Dipole SyElectnostatic Potential énengy (a) End on position = a 4d Une 4 (6) Equatorial tne (Cc) At any point ee eee YTé, > Wonk done in Rotating an Electuic Mipole |W = pe (Cosé,- cos6) (a) 6=0 |W = pe Ci-00s6)| (by 0-90" [W= bE | Cc) 6-180" [W = ape ‘Yy Potential Energy Of an electric dipole [U, = — pe (oso (a) 6:0 [v=-pe | () 690° [U= 0] ©) 6= 180° [U = pe wselectnical Capacitance [c= 4] SCapocity of an isolated sphenical Conductor Vv C= 4TEKa 1 Potential Energy of @ changed conductor Ba [rv 4] 1 qv jorfu = 19] oa [U = Lev™ fo AE, 2 9 C @ Force between the plates Capoctiance of Parallel - Plate Capacitor of & charged parallel plate Capacitor KEA}l Ket 4 |Cy= SoA} [C= kG rae od de 2 Givilibe [reese tons]% Enengy density ue U- oe Ad. Capacity of Parallel Plate Capacitor Portly “filled with Dielectric substance Capacitors in Series Capacitor in parallel oO rinilibe | [nceRr Ns tora ew |Ilt) = ki AQ] *Net change At20 Ab veime intenvat R= Resitance pat Rt = Ry (i+ xt) K = Temperature cofficient of resistance A) On Senies (8) In Parallel R= R +R, + Ry Petitee Re E=VitVit V3 t Vi, Va, Vy eatin (earn ae] «S(v= E-in] # 2 Kinchoff's (aur fe Ei=0 nt ts — 2 i ee) ea ae Ly Ry + Ch, td) Rg = Ey SWheatstone Bruwdge Lek Q & Meter Bsudge S= R[Loo- ] £ 2 Potentiometen mR (4- i} Ly SS Tempexatune dependoncy of Resistivity Pe paretiey o. gy Wiivilite RctRT CASH wet tee @ ]WS Biot Savant Law Relation between u, and E, Sp Eo Magnetic field along the axis of a cumnent - cannying Cincular coil 6 = uo 2 Mo Nia = My = Permeability o 4m (atta)? 2 (aren)? free aa 4 SAmpene's Cincuital (aw ofa BY OL = i! Penmittivity = of free space BL Magnetic freld due to an infinitely B= Loi long straight current - Cannying wine 2TH Wo agnetic field fnside a long solenoid B= Monk, SMaguetic field due to a fOroid (Endless) Solenoid [B= uy ni Magnetic field outside He toroid [B= 0 lonentz foxce P= qvé F = qVBSino Motion of a changed Particle m a Uniform Electnic field y= Bo y= GEL Kelmv* = Bel amu? Qmy* a YK 1. Paxallel to me field [f= 0]|2 Penpendiculan to the field 3, Olagonal to the preld ne Lmv* on PP = C06 x — ae A> mysino 48 ¥Cyclotnon ibilide [Necro v |F = i8L Sino B= Mol | og |B - Ho NE 2a 2a b= Ma (sing, + Sings) 4m 1 c= MBSine] Sy = Uy = = MB Cosé {v-2 ah Aon ! pe Mynin > 2h 8 > Lent [Cosb,-cos6,] YT me = at Fin POSTIVE Wriiibe (anaannae w | <Mn = 8] flu density 8, My <4 (iamagnetic ) My, > 1 (Pananraguetic) My>>L (Fennomagnetic) Xm = 1 H My = It tm 9 = Moment of snentia iiite (arrears v |C= de Np 2 b> wna L U= Lis) — shemiduevenstiniséwies LL = L +t, Bi M= — 2. | SPTnduibons te Parallel | l= Luts Ai,/at Litls M = ua NiNgA| [M = kena i P = Power emp = Sel + Mutual dnductance Inductance gs iitilibe Re MAGN- tte v |sh Alternating Voltage |e = NBAw i = 0-637 i, 3 Hean Value of Alternating Carvent [im = - T ‘Sp koot- Mean- Square Value of Alternating. Current SpPeniodic Time T= a0 Beh Frequency w am Ra) i ms te) AL Vane Yom” ponductive=Reactance [X= wl = 20 FL] BCopacitive Resistance a When Lond R in senies Wp When Cand R in senies | Smpedance z mL) we, Phase angle tang = wb tanh = L R wok BeWhen L and c in series Shwhen 1, C, & un cenies Resonant De ze fees (ue +) Cpe w Inductonce = Capacitance = Resistance Sh Semies LCR Resonant cixcuit Sh Power in AC circuit P= VammsX Apms 3) When cineuit contains L and R both Yams X 4nms X 059) | cog = RR LR WUT X Spwrareress ume? [PF Vyns X dmg X C0840" = 0 whoana wid) | aw = w-«, “4 1 Qually facton SS Thansfonmen €fficiency, = Wek i Cin)? * Vp X ip % (ea outibe | ne ST ad1 Gauss law of electuicity 2 Gauss law of Magnetism 3. Ponaday's law of Electromagnetic induction |e = - dda E.dl = -dde Y ms ie 4 Ampene's Maxwell cimewital law | f 8 dl = uy(it tg) us lee + LB 2 2 ky te Ye = Electrical energy olensit Um * Magnetic Energy olensity, g Drivilide eer arte v]SY Focal length of Sphexical mixxon [f= x] fi focal lengin al] A= nadius of cunvatwe Sy Minnon equation | 1 fox both Concave and Convex mirror, v Py Lineah Maguification sy Snell's low fai = + angle of incident Sink n= angle of reflection alan, - 1) S/ony- an in, a% ‘ZyRelation between Caitical angle aud Refractive index lyse omy = 2% a aN Sethi wens forma [L-1 - 4 ‘Sy Magnification a $i es vou Sy Power of lens P= 1) Sp pocat oi of Convex lens by displacement = method me Sy fox combination of lenses a iwi [P= Pt tht. (Py Refraction at a sphenical surface nN: n = M:N Magiipication [m= mom, a; ee ene PyRefnactive index of the prism PY Denivation by a thin prism m7 (n-I A 2 Sin() By Rayleigh's Scattening lau SpOispersive power of Q prism we Ny~ Ne | My -1 ibide [NCHS Var ay v |BY Huygen's Principal of Secondary waves LH 1+ incident angle , > neflected angle , 41, = Hefractive index MS (kind - wt = constant 17) = ~ velocity of light in Finst_medium Sinn A Va velocity of light xn second medium y= CO] n= refnactive index optical paw” [ext= nd] d= distance n C= Velocity of Wght (SY Refnoctive index of Walen nelative to ain |n= A_|oR|Ay = A n Aw SY Intenfenence T= Tt 1,4 2dnt, Cosg SY Positions of Bright fringes fz - ™ DA] SPPinge” Widte a a SPY Displacement of fringe ig thickness of plate G = D(n-tt tre “a SY Positions of Dank fringes xe ie DA) SAngulan Fauinge - Width : oA W(n-1) SS Diffraction of light due to a single slit Sind = le sine “Gmti)4 JS Angulan width of Central maximum JS Lineax width of Central maximum Resolving powen of Telescope || 22A | # fresnel ol’stance d BS Resolving powen of microscope |1.22A_ | %Dopplen Effect velocity AL = ~ Vnodieat -Brewsten's law u= tami, y c Change im frequency divide RT ANSI Vos |]Marimum Kinetic Enengy of Photoelectnons & 1% Threshold Wavelengih, Ao = £. Vo t> Thueshold Frequency Ex = h(v-») Einstein's Photoelectuic Equation We hve W = Woxk function , & > Planckt couttont sh Enengy c= hy = be] % Momentum A Wave watune of Panticle [A= fh mv ¥ f= 6-63 x 10°3" Joule /Sec e= 16x ioe MW 8-31 210% Ke lev= 16x (09 Joule = 2d Sine sp Bnagg Equation LA Atap * ht St Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle Diiiilide ar Ramp] 8¢ Atoms Alpha Panticle seattesung and Rutherford fe (e)Cze, Nuclear moclel of atom UTE, 42 SS Relation between obit Hadius and electron volocity fon hydrogen atom B Kinetic ener 4 Hy dani atom rae & Total oer ease BIE H energy Potential Enenpy fox Hydrogen atom ume: e= * a fe 4 ' AMé nm BBohn's atomic Model | mvn = nh aq % Velocity of Electnon tn Stationary onbits SS tnengy of Electron Pn stationary axbits BS Tomisation Energy | Ey = Wave number R= Rydberg constant n= quantum number Lyman Senies BBalman serves PPaschen Senies Brackett Sentes Pfund Senies Winiide caraway v]Bp Nuclei & Size of nucleus 5 tamu = [66 x a 2 Mass enengy E= mc? = Ry AY] Roe FAK Mm , J Fenmi = 10% m luxc? = 931 Mev = Atomic mass unit SGNucleon Binding, Energy. [am = [Zp +(A-Z) m] = M spe acnding energy | C,~ AMc*} shiinding energy Pen Nucleon SM= Mass defect A Theony of melativity SS Malp life emass Enengy Relation [dE = Ame* Fim * Ee ‘S-Ruthenfond and Soddly law | N= Noe “# SP Avenage life |T = oe T= 0-6931T a sg Rate of deca = Re* albilibe [ice eae w)= Electnical Conductivity BH Enengy band gop for = Resistivity Metals fy = 0 = i, * de ug = Emitten Cunrent Semiconductor Eg < 3eV hg? Base current Snsulator lig Collector cusnent cy > 3ev Kenen Diode Behe | SFP Ee iy mfLe i Chonactenstics of Tnansistor AC Cunnent Gain =| B (ac) fe] “8 Nee Input Resistance = [AV ; if (a ve | Smnecivateagerqaowges [Ay - Ale, Raw Aig’ Rin is =| AV, a | ¢ [au t, * AC Powen Gain = A? (ac) X Resistance Gain Cunnent gain in common | p * [Ae] Aout > Resistance Gain Vee Emitter Configuration Ais fin SCollecton-to-emitler Voltage + Cumnenl tnansfer Ratio = Je eg * Veo ~ Hehe 1% Current Amplification foctor | 8 Sl nen, = n> Me = no. of free electnons , y= no. of holes , 7; = Intninsic cannien BW Table + Surmmany of Devices concentration trate] logic Logic Truth bapte é symbol | variables | ~Tmput | Output w @| aAveey Bhaiya@Didi always with you [NGERT RASA ~ aod ap]