17.

Statistics and Probability

A. Calculation of Mean, Median, Ans. (d) : Given,
cv = 60, σ = 24
Mode and Their Relation σ 24
1. If the median of x/5, x, x/4, x/2 and x/3 (where x Arithmetic mean = cv ×100 = 60 ×100 = 40
> 0) is 8, then the value of x would be
5. 10 is the mean of a set of 7 observations and 5 is
(a) 24 (b) 32
the mean of a set of 3 observations. Then mean
(c) 8 (d) 16 of the combined set is given by
SRM JEEE-2018 (a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 8.5 (d) 7.5
Ans. (a) : The given series in ascending order SRM JEEE-2010
x x x x Ans. (c) : Let the two sets of observations be
, , , ,x
5 4 3 2 x1, x2,…..,x7 and y1, y2, y3,
Median of the given series, According to question,
7
x
3
=8 ∑ xi 7
i =1
=10 ⇒ ∑ x i = 70 ….(i)
x = 24 7 i =1
2. Mean and standard deviation of 100 items are 3
50 and 4 respectively. The sum of all squares of ∑ yi 3
the items is i =1
= 5 ⇒ ∑ yi = 15 ….(ii)
(a) 251600 (b) 266000 3 i =1
(c) 256100 (d) 261600 7 3
Karnataka CET-2019 ∑ x i + ∑ yi
Ans. (a) :Given, So, combined mean = i =1 i =1

Mean ( x ) = 50 , n = 100 7+3

70 + 15 85
Standard deviation ( σ ) = 4 = = = 8.5
10 10
We know that,
6. Sum of the absolute deviations about median is
σ =2 ∑ x2
−x 2 (a) least (b) greatest
n (c) zero (d) none of these
∑ x = n ( σ + x ) = 100 ( 4 ) + ( 50 )  = 251600 Ans. (a) :We know that medians divides the series into
2 2 2 2 2 SRM JEEE-2011

3. The standard deviation of the data 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 two equal parts hence, absolute deviation will be least
is when measured from median.
(a) 10 (b) 2 7. If the mean of a set of observations x1, x2,…..,
x10 is 20, then the mean of x1 + 4, x2 + 8, x3 +
(c) 10 (d) 2 12,……, x10 + 40 is
Karnataka CET-2020 (a) 34 (b) 42
Ans. (d) : Mean of the given data (c) 38 (d) 40
6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 SRM JEEE-2014
x= =8 Ans. (b) : Mean of a set of observations
5
x1, x2 ....... x10 = 20
Σ(x − x)
2
Then, according to question.
Standard devotion ( σ ) =
n x + 4 + x 2 + 8 + x 3 + 12 + .... + x10 + 40
= 1
( 6 − 8 ) + ( 7 − 8 ) + (8 − 8) + ( 9 − 8 ) + (10 − 8 ) 10
2 2 2 2 2

= x1 + x 2 + ..... + 10 4 (1 + 2 + ..... + 10 )
5 = +
10 10
4 +1+ 0 +1+ 4
= = 2 4 × 55 220
5 = 20 + = 20 + = 20 + 22 = 42
4. If coefficient of variation is 60 and standard 10 10
deviation is 24, then arithmetic mean is 8. If a variable takes discrete values
20 7 7 5 1
(a) (b) x + 4, x − , x − , x − 3, x − 2, x + ,x + 5(x > 0),
7 20 2 2 2
then the median is
1 (a) x – 1/2 (b) x – 5/4
(c) (d) 40
40 (c) x – 2 (d) x + 5/4
Karnataka CET-2017 SRM JEEE-2013
Statistics and Probability 1538 YCT
Ans. (c) : Arranging data in ascending order, we get 13. The arithmetic mean of the data 0, 1, 2, .....n
7 5 1 with frequencies 1, n C1 , n C2 ,..... n Cn is
x − , x − 3, x − , x − 2, x + , x + 4, x + 5.
2 2 2 2n
n = Number of terms = 7 (odd) (a) n (b)
n
th
 7 +1 n
So, median =   observation (c) n + 1 (d)
 2  2
= 4th observation = x – 2 BITSAT-2015
9. If x is the mean of n observations x1, x2,….,xn, ∑ fi x i
Ans. (d) : Since, Mean = where xi are
then the mean of
x1 x 2
, , .....
xn
is ∑ fi
a a a Observations with frequencies fi, i = 1, 2, .....n
x The required mean is give by
(a) (b) x + a
a 0.1 + 1. n C1 + 2. n C2 + ..... + n. n Cn
X =
(c) ax (d) a 2 x 1 + n C1 + n C2 + ..... + n Cn
SRM JEEE-2012 n n
n
x1 x 2 x 3 xn ∑ r. n C r ∑ r. n −1 C r −1
r
Ans. (a) : Mean of , , ...... is = nr = 0
= r =1
a a a a n

 x1   x 2   xn  ∑ n
Cr ∑ n
Cr
 a  +  a  + ....... +  a 
r = 0 r = 0

=      n
n ∑ n −1 C r −1
n n.2n −1 n
= r =n1 = n =
1  x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ....... + x n  x 2 2
=
a  n 
 a
= ∑
r =0
n
Cr

10. Find the A.M. of the first ten odd numbers. 14. The marks obtained by 60 students in a certain
(a) 10 (b) 20 test are given below :
(c) 15 (d) 25 Marks No. of Marks No. of
BITSAT-2011 students students
Ans. (a) : First ten odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 10-20 2 60-70 12
15, 17, 19 respectively. Therefore Arithmetic Mean, 20-30 3 70-80 14
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 30-40 4 80-90 10
(x) = 40-50 5 90-100 4
10
10 50-60 6
[1 + 19] 100 Median of the above data is
= 2 = = 10 (a) 68.33 (b) 70
10 10
11. Mean of 25 observations was found to be 78.4. (c) 68.11 (d) None of these
But later on it was found that 96 was misread BITSAT-2017
as 69. The correct mean is Ans. (a) :
(a) 79.24 (b) 79.48 Marks xi fi c.f.
(c) 80.10 (d) None of these 10-20 15 2 2
BITSAT-2010 20-30 25 3 5
∑x 30-40 35 4 9
Ans. (b) : Mean x = or ∑ x = nx 40-50 45 5 14
n
50-60 55 6 20
∑ x = 25 × 78.4 = 1960
60-70 65 12 32
But this ∑ x is incorrect as 96 was misread as 69. 70-80 75 14 46
∴ Correct ∑ x = 1960 + (96 − 69) = 1987 80-90 85 10 56
1987 90-100 95 4 60
∴ Correct mean = = 79.48 n = 60
25
12. If the value of mode and mean is 60 and 66 n
Hence, n = 60 , = 30
respectively, then the value of median is 2
(a) 70 (b) 64 (c) 90 (d) 50 Therefore , 60 – 70 is the median class, l = 60 , f =
BITSAT-2013 12, h = 10, CF = 20
Ans. (b) : Given, Mode = 60, Mean = 66 n
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean − C.F
2 30 − 20
1 1 Median = l + × h = 60 + ×10
∴ Median = (Mo de + 2Mean) = (60 + 2 × 66) = 64 f 12
3 3 = 68.33
Statistics and Probability 1539 YCT
15. If the coefficient of variation of two 3 1
distributions are 60% and 75% and their (a) (b)
standard deviations are 18 and 15 respectively. 8 95
Then their arithmetic means are 2 28
(a) 30 and 20 (b) 30 and 50 (c) (d)
5 27
(c) 60 and 20 (d) 20 and 40
MHT CET-2021 COMEDK-2017
Ans. (a) : Given, Ans. (c) : X can take values 0, 1, 2.
σ1 = 18, σ2 = 15, ( c.v )1 = 60, ( c.v ) 2 = 75 The probability distribution of X is

σ σ X=x 0 1 2
( c.v )1 = 100 × 1 , ( c.v )2 = 100 × 2 16
C 12 4
C1 × C1 32
16 4
C2 3
x1 x2
P(X – x) 20 2 = 20
= 20
=
18 15 C2 19 C2 95 C 2 95
60 = 100 × , 75 = 100 ×
x1 x2 Mean = E (X)= ∑ x.P(x)
18 15
∴ x1 = 100 × ∴ x 2 = 100 ×  12   32   3  38 2
60 75 = 0   + 1  + 2   = =
x1 = 30 x 2 = 20  19   95   95  95 5
18. Coefficient of variation of two distributions are
16. The means of 5 observations is 4 and their
variance is 5.2. If three of these observations 60 and 70, and their standard deviation are 21
are 1, 2 and 6 then the other two are and 16 respectively. What are their arithmetic
(a) 2 and 9 (b) 3 and 8 means?
(c) 4 and 7 (d) 5 and 6 (a) 35, 20 (b) 35, 22.85
MHT CET-2021 (c) 30, 22.85 (d) 30, 20
Ans. (c) : Given, Karnataka CET -2016
n = 5, x = 4, σ = 5.2, x1 = 1, x 2 = 2, x 3 = 6
2 COMEDK-2014
Let the remaining two observations be x 4 and x 5 . Ans. (b) : Coefficient of variation
σ
x=
∑ xi = × 100
x
n
Where, σ = Standard deviation
∴ ∑ xi = nx = 5 × 4 = 20 x = Arithmetic mean
var ( x ) =
∑ i − (x)
x 2
2
21
n For 1st distribution : 60= ×100
x
5.2 =
∑ x i2
− ( 4)
2 Arithmetic mean,
5 21× 100
x= = 35
26 = ∑ x i − 802
60
∴ ∑ xi2 = 26 + 80 = 106 16
For 2nd distribution : 70 = × 100
Now, ∑ x i = 1 + 2 + 6 + x 4 + x 5 x
Arithmetic mean,
20 = 9 + x 4 + x 5
16 ×100
x 4 + x 5 = 11 ⇒ x 5 = 11 − x 4 …(i) x= = 22.85
60
∑ i x 2
= 12
+ 2 2
+ 6 2
+ x 2
4 + x 2
5
19. The marks secured by two students A and B in
106 = 1 + 4 + 36 + x 4 + (11 − x 4 )
2 2
… from (i) six subjects are given below:
x 24 + x 24 − 22x 4 + 121 + 41 = 106 A 36 28 24 45 27 22
2x 4 − 22x 4 + 56 = 0
2 B 28 37 42 27 19 26
Which one of the following statements is
x 24 − 11x 4 + 28 = 0
correct?
∴ x 4 = 7 or x 4 = 4 (a) The average scores of A and B are same but
From (i), we get – A is consistent
x 5 = 4 or x 5 = 7 (b) The average scores of A and B are not same
∴ The two numbers are 4 and 7 but A is consistent
17. From a lot of 20 items containing 4 defective (c) The average scores of A and b are same but B
items, 2 items are drawn at random, If X is consistent
denotes the number of defective items, then (d) The average scores of A and B are not same
find the mean of the probability distribution of but B is consistent
X. SCRA-2009
Statistics and Probability 1540 YCT
 Ans. (b) : Ans. (d) : Let,
A 36 28 24 45 27 22 P(a prime number) P(a composite) P(1)
28 37 42 27 19 26 = = =k
B 2 2 3
(a) Average scores So, P(a prime number) = 2k,
36 + 28 + 24 + 45 + 27 + 22 182 P(a composite number) = k,
A= = & P(1) = 3k
6 6
& 3 × 2k + 2 × k + 3k = 1
28 + 37 + 42 + 27 + 19 + 26 179 11k = 1
B= =
6 6 1
20. A fair n (n > 1) faces die is rolled repeatedly k=
11
until a number less than n appears. If the mean 4
n P(success) = P(1 or 4) = 3k + k =
of the number of tosses required is , then n is 11
9 Number of trials; n = 2
equal to ––––––.
4 8
JEE Main-12.04.2023, Shift-I ∴ Mean = np = 2 × =
Ans. (10.00) : 11 11
2 23. The arithmetic mean of the following discrete
n −1 1  n −1   1   n −1  data 12, 14, 20, 23, 25, 32 is given by
Mean = 1, +2   + 3    …….
n n n  n  n  (a) 22 (b) 21.75 (c) 21 (d) 20.5
AP EAPCET-24.08.2021, Shift-II
n  n −1   
2
1 1
=  1 + 2 +
    ......... 
3 Ans. (c) : Arithmetic Mean =
9  n  n n  12 + 14 + 20 + 23 + 25 + 32 126
−2
= = 21
n  n − 1  1   n −1 n
2 6 6
= 1 −  =  . 24. The mean of the values 0, 1, ……., n having
 n  ( n − 1)
2
9  n  n 
corresponding frequencies n C0 , n C1 ,......., n Cn
n n
= ⇒ n = 10 respectively is
9 n −1 n n +1
21. Let x1, x2…., x100 be in an arithmetic (a) (b)
progression, with x1 = 2 and their mean equal 2 2
to 200. If yi = i (xi − i), 1 ≤ i ≤ 100, then the 2n 2 n +1
(c) (d)
mean of y1, y2, ….., y100 is n +1 n ( n + 1)
(a) 10101.50 (b) 10051.50
AMU-2004
(c) 10049.50 (d) 10100
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-I Ans. (a) : We know that,
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3 x3 ….nCnxn ….(i)
Ans. (c) : Mean = 200 Differentiating both side,
100 n(1+x)n–1 = nC1 + 2. nC2 x + ……n. nCn xn–1 …. (ii)
(2 × 2 + 99d)
2 Putting n = 1 in (i)
⇒ = 200
100 2n = nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ….. nCn
⇒ 4 + 99d = 400 n.2n = nC1 + 2. nC2 + ….. n.nCn
⇒ d=4 Mean =
∑ x i fi
yi = i(xi − i) = i(2+(i − 1)4 − i) = 3i2 −2i ∑ fi
∑ yi = 1 100 3i 2 − 2i 0.n C0 + n C1 + 2.n C2 + 3.n C3 + .....n.n Cn
Mean =
100
∑
100 i =1
= n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + n C3 + .....n Cn
1  3 × 100 × 101 × 201 2 × 100 × 101  n.2n –1 n.2n n
=  −  = = n =
100  6 2  2 n
2 .2 2
 201  25. If X and Y are two variables with the same
= 101  − 1 = 101 × 99.5 = 10049.50 mean. If the regression line Y on X is y = 3x +
 2  7, then the value of the common mean is
22. A six faced is biased such that 3 × P(a prime 7 7 3 3
number) = 6 × P(a composite number) = 2 × (a) − (b) (c) (d) −
P(1). Let X be a random variable that counts 2 3 7 7
the number of times one gets a perfect square AMU-2004
on some throws of this die. If the die is thrown Ans. (a) : Given,
twice, then the mean of X is : X and Y are two variable with the same mean,
3 5 7 8 y = 3x + 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) in the from y – c = m (x – c)
11 11 11 11
JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-II ⇒ y = mx + (1–m)c

Statistics and Probability 1541 YCT

On comparison, Ans. (d) According to question, we have
m = 3(1–m) c = 7 X = –1 X=0 X=1
– 2c = 7 A B C
c = –7/2 and mean = 0.2
Hence the common mean = –7/2 −a + c 2
26. The variance of the variates 112, 116, 120, 125, a + b + c = 10 ….(i)
132 about their A.M is and
(a) 58.8 (b) 60 b 2
(c) 48.8 (d) 61.8 = ….. (ii)
a + b + c 10
AP EAMCET-19.08.2021, Shift-I c−a 2
Ans. (c): 1+ = +1
a + b + c 10
112 + 116 + 120 + 125 + 132 a + b + c + c − a 12
mean ( x ) = = +1
5 a+b+c 10
x=
605
⇒ x = 121 b + 2c 12
=
5 a + b + c 10

Standard deviation ( S.D.) = ∑

(x − x)   2 12
2
c
= variance 2 + = ... by equation (ii)
N  a + b + c  10 10
(112 − 121) + (116 − 121) + (120 − 121) + (125 − 121) 12 2
2P ( X = 1) = − = 1 ⇒ 2P ( X = 1) = 1
2 2 2 2

+ (132 − 121)
2 10 10
Variance = 1
5 P ( X = 1) = = 0.5
81 + 25 + 1 + 16 + 121 2
=
5 29. In a game, a person wins 5 rupees for getting a
244 number greater than 4 and loses 1 rupee
Variance = = 48.8 otherwise, when a fair die is thrown. A man
5 participated in the game, but decided to quit as
27. Mean of n observations x1, x2,….,xn is x. If an and when he gets a number greater than 4.
observation xq is replaced by xq then the new Than the expected value (mean value) of the
mean is amount he wins/loses is
( n − 1) x + x 'q (a)
9
(b)
8
(c)
19
(d)
19
(a) x − x q + x 'q 0 (b) 19 19 9 8
n AP EAMCET-18.09.2020, Shift-I
( n − 1) x − x 'q nx − x q + x 'q Ans. (c) : In a gamedie is thrown . A man participated
(c) (d) in game . he decided to throw a die thrice but to quit as
n n
WB JEE-2017 and when . the amount he winless is
2
Ans. (d) : We have, The probability to win in a throw is and less a throw
6
x1 + x 2 + ... + x q + ... + x n
x= 4
n is
6
Σx = n x …….(i) Now following cases are possible
If xq is replaced by x 'q , then new total will be Σ x ' = Σx (i) W
' (ii) LW
– (xq – x q ) (iii) LLW
∴ New mean will be (iv) LLL
∑x' So, the expected value (mean value) of the amount he
x' = wins loses is
n
2 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4
∑ x − x q + x 'q −5   + 4  ×  + 3  × ×  + ( −3)  × × 
x' =  6   6 6   6 6 6  6 6 6
n 10 32 96 192
nx − x q + x 'q + + −
x' = [from Eq. (i)] 6 36 216 216
n 360 + 192 + 96 − 192 456 19
= =
28. A random variable X has its range {–1, 0, 1}. If 216 216 9
its mean is 0.2 and P(X =0) = 0.2, then 30. Calculate variance if ∑ x 2i = 18000 and ∑ xi
P(X = 1) = = 960, for 60 observations
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.7 (a) 44 (b) 22
(c) 0.4 (d) 0.5 (c) 32 (d) 6.63
AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-I AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1542 YCT
Ans. (a) : For 60 observation it is give that, Ans. (c) : The mode is mean with maximum probability
∑ x i = 960 and ∑ x 2i = 18000 Mean, np = 4
Max, P = 1
2
  ∴ n=4
So, the variance
∑x 2
i  ∑ x1  18000  960 2
−  = − 34. The mean of a group of data is given as 27.

60  60  60  60  Data is 39, 21, 18, x, y, 24. What could be the
  values of X and Y, if both x and y are prime ?
 
300 − (16 ) = 300 – 256 = 44 (a) X = 23, Y = 29 (b) X = 29, Y = 31
2

(c) X = 26, Y = 34 (d) X = 12, Y = 48

31. The standard deviation and mean of five J&K CET-2018
observations are 0 and 9 respectively. If one of Ans.(b)According to question,
the observations is changed such that the mean
39 + 21 + 18 + x + y + 24
of the new set of live observations becomes 10, = 27
then their standard deviation is 6
(a) 1 (b) 2 x + y = 27 × 6 – 102
(c) 3 (d) 0 x + y = 60 ….(i)
AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-I Sum of x & y is 60 50 x & y should be prime no.
Ans. (b) : Let, the five observation are x1, x2, x3 , x4, x5 So, x = 29 y = 31
x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 35. The mean of 100 items was 60. Later it was
So, mean = 1 =9 found that two items were misread as 69 and 96
5 instead of 66 and 99 respectively. The correct
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 45 ....(i) mean of the 100 items is
And standard deviation (a) 60 (b) 61 (c) 60.5 (d) 61.5
( 9 − ri ) J&K CET-2016
2
5

∑ i =1 5
=0 Ans. (a) : Given,
100
5
∑x = 60× 100 = 6000
∑ (9 − x )
2
=0
i
r i =1
i =1 98

x i = 9∀i ∑i =1
+ 165 = 6000
Now, let observation x5 is changed with y, so 98
x + x 2 + x3 + x 4 + y ∑x = 6000 − 165 = 5835
mean = 1 = 10 ... Given i
5 i =1

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + y = 50 98

45 – x5 + y = 50 From equation (i) Now, ∑x

i =1
i + 66 + 99 = 100x
x5 + 5 = y x5 = 9
9+5=y 5835 + 165
Or, = x ( correct mean )
y = 14 100
Now the changed standard deviation is 6000
Or, = x = 60
(10 − x1 ) + (10 − x 2 ) + (10 − x 4 ) + (10 − y )
2 2 2 2
100
=
5 36. For a poisson variate X, if
{Q x1 = x 2 = x 3 = x 4 = 9} P(X = 2) = 3P(X = 3), then the mean of X is :
1 1 1
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 16 20 (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
= = = 4=2 2 3 4
5 5 EAMCET-2003
32. The value of mean, median and mode Ans. (a) : Poisson distribution
coincides, then the distribution is
λ n .e −λ
(a) positive skew ness P(x = n) =
(b) symmetrical distribution n!
(c) negative skew ness Where mean = variance = λ
(d) all of the above Given,
Jamia Millia Islamia-2008 P( X = 2) = 3P(X = 3)
Ans. (b) : If the value of mean, median and mode
coincides then the distribution is symmetrical λ 2 .e −λ λ 3 .e −λ
= 3×
distribution. 2! 3!
33. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and 1 3λ λ
variance is 3. Then, its mode is = =
2 3! 2
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) None of these λ =1
Jamia Millia Islamia-2006 ∴ Mean = Variance λ = 1
Statistics and Probability 1543 YCT
37. In a class of 100 students, there are 70 boys  n 
whose average marks in a subject are 75. If the Q s = 2 ( a + l ) 
average marks of the complete class is 72, then  
 Where,a = 1 term 
st
what is the average of the girls?
(a) 73 (b) 65  l = last term 
(c) 68 (d) 74  
 
AIEEE-2002 = 101 ( 1 + 50d)
Ans. (b) : For boys 101(1 + 50d )
70 Q mean = = 1 + 50d
∑x
i =1
i
101
= 75
70 ∑ x−x i
70
Mean deviation is
∑x i = 75 × 70 n
i =1 50d + 49d + ... + 0 + d + ....50d 2d 50 × 51
For girls. = =
30
101 101 2
∑i =1
yi
=
d × 50 × 51
= 225
=? 101
30 Solving , we get– d = 10.1
Also, given
70 30
41. If the mean deviations about the median of the
∑
i =1
x i + ∑
i =1
= 72 × 100 numbers a, 2a, ...., 5a is 50, then |a| equal to
(a) 3 (b) 4
30 (c) 5 (d) 2
∑ yi
1950 AIEEE-2011
∴ i =1
= = 65 Ans. (b) : The median is the mean of 25th and 26th
30 30 observation
∴ Option (b) is correct 25a + 26a
38. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is ∴ m = = 25.5a
2
20.5. If each of the largest 4 observations of the
set is increased by 2, then the median of the ∴ Mean deviation about the median
new set
(a) is increased by 2 ∑ ( xi − m )
(b) is decreased by 2 M.P.(m) =
N
(c) is two times the original median
1
(d) remains the same as that of the original set 50 =  2× | a | ( 0.5 + 1.5 + 2.5 + 24.57 ) 
AIEEE-2003 50
25
Ans. (d) : The median of the new set remains the same 2500 = 2 a × [ 0.5 + 24.5]
because 5th observation remains unchanged. 2
39. If in a frequency distribution, the mean and 2500
median are 21 and 22 respectively, then its ∴ a= =4
mode is approximately 25 × 25
(a) 24.0 (b) 25.5 42. The mean of the data set comprising of 16
(c) 20.5 (d) 22.0 observations is 16. If one of the observations
AIEEE-2005 valued 16 is deleted and three new observations
valued 3, 4 and 5 are added to the data, then
Ans. (a) : Given, Mean = 21
the mean of the resultant data is
Median = 22
(a) 16.8 (b) 16.0 (c) 15.8 (d) 14.0
We know, mod + 2 × mean = 3× median
= mode = 3× median – 2 × mean JEE Main-2016
= 3× 22 – 2× 21 = 66 – 42 = 24.0 Ans. (d) : Given,
16
40. If the mean deviation of number 1, 1 + d, 1 +
∑
2d, ....., 1 + 100d from their mean is 255, then d i =1 i
x 16

is equal to = 16 = ∑ x i = 16 × 16
16 i =1
(a) 10.0 (b) 20.0
(c) 10.1 (d) 20.2 Sum of new observations,
18
AIEEE-2009
= ∑ x i + (3 + 4 + 5) = (16×16–16 )+(3+4+5) = 252
Ans. (c) : The number 1, 1 + d , 1 + 2d, .... 1 + 100d i =1
the above series is A.P. 18

101 ∑ xi + 3 + 4 + 5
16 × 15 + 12 240 + 12 252
Sum = (1 + 1 + 100d ) Now, i =1 = =
18
=
18
= 14
2 18 18

Statistics and Probability 1544 YCT

43. If the sum of the deviations of 50 observations 300 + x + y
from 30 is 50, then the mean of these 42 =
observations is 10
(a) 50 (b) 30 ∴ x + y = 420 – 300=120 ....(i)
(c) 51 (d) 31 Since the number of data set is even there fore, We will
JEE Main 12.01.2019, Shift-I n th n 
th

Ans. (d) : Given, Take average of term and  + 1  term. Which

50 2 2 
∑
i =1
( x i − 30 ) = 50 is
10
= 5th and ( 5 + 1) = 6th term.
50 2
∑i =1
x i = 30 × 50 + 50
∴ median =
34 + x
= 35
2
Or,
50
34 + x = 70
∴ ∑
i =1
x i = 50 × 31 x = 70–34 = 36
∴ y = 120–36 = 84
50
y 84 7
∑ xi
50 × 31
∴ = =
Mean ( x ) = i =1 = = 31 x 36 3
50 50 46. Consider the data on taking the values 0, 2, 4,
44. If for some x ∈ R, the frequency distribution of 8, ..... 2n with frequencies nC0, nC1, nC2, .... nCn
the marks obtained by 20 students in a test is 728
Marks 2 3 5 7 respectively. If the mean of this data is n ,
2
Frequency (x + 1)2 2x – 5 x2 – 3x x then n is equal to
Then, the mean of the marks is JEE Main 06.09.2020, Shift-II
(a) 3.0(b) 2.8 Ans (6)
(c) 2.5 (d) 3.2 Given, the data set as
JEE Main 10.04.2019, Shift-I
x 0 2 4 8 .... 2n
Ans. (b). Given, n n n n n
f C0 C1 C2 C3 .... Cn
Total number of students = 20
2 2 n
(x + 1) + (2x – 5) + x – 3x + x = 20
x2 + 1 + 2x + 2x –5 + x2 – 3x + x = 20 ∑ x ifi ∑ 2r n Cr
(1 + 2 ) − n C0
n

2
2x +2x – 24 = 0 mean = = r =1
n
=
2n
x2 + x – 12 = 0 ∑ fi ∑ r =0
n
Cr
x=3
3n – 1 728
= n = n
∑ xi fi Given, the frequency distribution of 2 2
mean = ∴ 3 = 728 + 1 = 729
n

∑ fi ∴n=6
marks as 47. The mean age of 25 teachers in a school is 40
Marks 2 3 5 7 yr. A teacher retires at the age of 60yr and a
frequency 16 1 0 3 new teachers is appointed in his place. If the
mean age of the teachers in this school now is
2 ×16 + 3 × 1 + 5 × 0 + 7 × 3 39 yr, then the age (in years) of the newly
∴ mean =
20 appointed teacher is ..... .
32 + 3 + 21 56
= = = 2.8 JEE Main 18.03.2021, Shift-I
20 20 Ans. (35) : Given,
45. The mean and the median of the following ten 25
numbers in increasing order 10, 22, 26, 29, 34,
x, 42, 67, 70 y are 42 and 35 respectively, then
∑ xi
x = i =1 = 40
y 25
is equal to 24
x
7 7 8 9 ∑
i =1
x i + 60 = 25 × 40 = 1000
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 3 4 24

JEE Main 09.04.2019, Shift-II ∴ ∑ x i = 1000 − 60 = 940

i =1
Ans. (a) : Given, 24
The data of numbers in increasing order as 10, 22, 26,
29, 34, x , 42, 67, 70, y
∑
i =1
x i + 60 = 25 × 40 = 1000
10 + 22 + 26 + 29 + 34 + x + 42 + 67 + 70 + y Now, a new teacher is appointed, let the age of the new
Mean = teacher is y
10
Statistics and Probability 1545 YCT
  194 + α − β 
24

∑x
i =1
i +y = 40 + 
 60
 × 10 = 45

∴ = 39
25 194 + α − β
24 =5
∴ ∑x
i =1
i + y = 25 × 39 = 975 6
⇒ α − β = 30 − 194 = −164
24
Taking 'Mod'
∴ y = 975 − ∑ x i = 975 − 940 = 35 years
i =1 α − β = 164
48. Consider the following frequency distribution 50. Let the mean and variance of the frequency
Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 distribution
Frequency a b 12 9 5 x x1 = 2 x2 = 6 x3 = 8 x4 = 9
If mean =
309
and median = 14, then the value f 4 4 α β
22 be 6 and 6.8, respectively. If x3 is changed from
(a – b)2 is equal to .... . 8 to 7, then the mean for the new data will be
JEE Main 22.07.2021, Shift-II (a) 4 (b) 5
Ans. (4) : 17 16
Class Frequency Class marks fx (c) (d)
0-6 a 3 3a 3 3
6 -12 b 9 9b JEE Main 27.07.2021, Shift-II
12 -18 12 15 180 Ans. (c) : From the frequency distribution
18 - 24 9 21 189
Mean =
∑ fi x i = 2 × 4 + 6 × 4 + 8α + 9β = 6
24-30 5 27 135
∑ fi 8+α+β
∑ fx = 3a + 9b + 180 + 189 + 135 = 3a + 9b + 504 8α + 9β + 32 = 48 + 6α + 6β
∑ f = a + b + 26 2α + 3β = 16 ....(i)

∴ meanx = ∑ ∑f (x − x)
3a + 9b + 504 309
2
fx
= = Variance ( σ 2 ) = i i

∑ f a + b + 26 22 ∑f i
81a + 37b = 1018 .... (i)
4 ( 2 − 6) + 4 ( 6 − 6) + α (8 − 6) + β (9 − 6)
2 2 2 2
a+b =
13 − (a + b) 8+α +β
Median = 12+ 2 × 6 = 14
12 64 + 0 + 4α + 9β
= = 6.8
⇒ a+b= 18 ....(ii) 8+α +β
a = 8 and b = 10
∴ (a – b)2 = 4
∴ 64 + 4α + 9β = 8× 6.8 + 6.8α + 6.8β
49. Consider the following frequency distribution 640 + 40α + 90β = 544 + 68α + 68β
Class 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 28α – 22β = 96
Frequency α 110 54 30 β 14α – 11β = 48 ..... (ii)
On the solving (i) and (ii), we get –
If the sum of all frequency is 584 and median is
α = 5 and β = 2
45, then |α α – β | is equal to …….
JEE Main 25.07.2021, Shift-I If x3 is changed from 8 to 7
Ans. (164) 8 + 2 + 7 × 5 + 9 × 2 85 17
∴ New mean = = =
Class xi fi x i fi c.F 8+α +β 15 3
10 – 20 15 α 15α α 51. Let the mean and variance of four numbers 3,
20 – 30 25 110 2750 110 + α 7, x and y (x > y) be 5 and 10 respectively.
30 – 40 35 54 1890 164 + α Then, the mean of four numbers 3 + 2x, 7 + 2y,
40 – 50 45 30 1350 194 + α x + y and x – y is
50 – 60 55 β 55β 194 + α + β JEE Main 26.08.2021, Shift-II
∑ x i fi = 5490 + 15α + 55β s∑ ( x i − x )
2

∑ i 194 + α + β
f =
Ans. (12) : Variance σ2 =
Q α + β = 584 – 194 = 390 ....(i) N
 194 + α + β  Given, mean x = 5 and σ 2
= 10
–β
Median = 40 +  2
 ×10 3+7 + x + y
 30  Mean = =5
  4
∴ x + y = 10 …..(i)
Statistics and Probability 1546 YCT
 1 2 55. The arithmetic mean of the data given by
( 3) + ( 7 ) + ( x ) + ( y )  – ( 5) = 10
2 2 2 2
Variance σ2 =
4  Variate(x) 0 1 2
2 2
x + y = 82 ….(ii) Frequency(f) n
C0 n
C1 n C2
On solving equation (i) and (ii)
(a)
( n +1) (b)
n
(x , y) = (1, 9) or (9, 1) 2 2
Given that, x > y 2n
x = 9, y = 1 (c) (d) None of the above
n
3 + 2 × 9 + 7 + 2 × 1 + 10 + 8 48 Jamia Millia Islamia-2013
So, new mean = = = 12
4 4 Ans. (b) :
52. The mean of 10 numbers 7 × 8, 10 × 10, 13 × 12, value(x) 0 1 2
16 × 14, ..... is Frequency(y) nC0 n
C1 n
C2
JEE Main 31.08.2021, Shift-I We have,
Ans. (398) : The numbers are Σf = nC0 + nC2 + nC3 = 2n
7× 8 , 10 ×10, 13×12, 16× 14 , 19× 16, 22×18, 25× 20, Σf(x) = 0.nC0 + 1 × nC1 + 2 nC2 + 3nC3 +
28×22, 31×24, 34× 26 .......... + n nCn
∴ Mean 2n ( n − 1) 3n ( n − 1)
= n+ + + .... + n.1
7 × 8 + 10 ×10 + 13 ×12 + 16 ×14 + 19 ×16 + 220 + 18 + 25 × 20 + 28 × 22 + 31 × 24 + 34 × 26 2! 3!
=
= n (1 + n −1 C1 + n −1 C 2 + ....... + n −1 C n ) = n.2n – 1
10

= 56 + 100 + 156 + 224 + 304 + 396 + 500 + 616 + 744 + 884

10 Σf .x n.2n −1 n
Thus, x = = =
3980 Σf 2n 2
= 398
10 56. Integers 1, 2, 3, …., n, (n ≥ 3) are written on a
black board and an integer k (1 < k < n) is
53. If the algebraic sum of deviations of 20 erased. The average of the remaining numbers
observations from 30 is 20, then the mean of is 16. Then n + k is
observations is (a) 31 (b) 40 (c) 47 (d) 50
(a) 30 (b) 30.1 (c) 29 (d) 31 KVPY SA-2021
Jamia Millia Islamia-2011 n ( n + 1)
Ans. (d) : Let the observation be Ans. (a) : ∑ x i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ......... + n and
2
x, x2, x3 .. x20 integer k is erased
∴ (x1 – 30 ) + (x2 – 30) +(x3 – 30 +..... Given that
∴ [x1 + x2+ ...x20] –30 × 20= 20 n ( n + 1)
= 16
∴ [x1 + x2 + ....+ x20] = 600 + 20 = 620 2× n
∴mean of the observation ∴ n + 1 = 2 ×16 = 32
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + .... + x 20 620 ∴ n = 31
= = = 31 integer k is erased
20 20
54. The mean weight of 9 items is 15 . If one more ∴ n + k = n + 0 = 31
item is added to the series, the mean becomes 57. Find the least positive value of k, if the range of
16 . The value of 10 item is th 15, 14, k, 25, 30, 35, is 23
(a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 14
(a) 35 (b) 30 (c) 25 (d) 20
AP EAMCET-23.09.2020, Shift-I
Jamia Millia Islamia-2013 Ans. (c) : Range of (x) = max (x) – min (x)
Ans. (c) : The mean of x1 , x2 ..... x9 is 15 ∴ 23 = 35 – k (∴ k is the least + ve value )
x1 + x 2 + ..... + x 9 ∴ k = 35 – 23 = 12
15 =
9 58. In a random experiment of throwing 5 coins,
135 = x1 + x 2 + ........ + x 9 ….(i) the number of heads is defined as random
variable. The mean of the random variable is
Let x10 be the 10th item 2 3 7 5
The mean of x1 , x2 , x3 .......... x10 is 16 (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 9 2
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ....... + x10 TS EAMCET-18.07.2022, Shift-II
16 =
10 Ans. (d) : Probability of getting head = 1/2
x1 + x2 + .......... + x9 + x10 = 160 number of coins = 5
∴ mean of the random variable = n ×P
From equation (i)
135 + x10 = 160 1 5
= 5× =
x10 = 160 – 135 = 25 2 2
Statistics and Probability 1547 YCT
59. If 10 is the mean of the data 2,3,5,18,17,15,13, x ∴ Mean of the marks
9 and 7, then the mean deviation of this data
2 ( 3 + 1) + 3 ( 6 − 5 ) + 5 ( 9 − 9 ) + 21
2
about its mean is = = 2.8
(a) 4.7 (b) 4.8 (c) 4.9 (d) 5.0 20
TS EAMCET-04.08.2021, Shift-I 62. If in a frequency distribution, the mean and
Ans. (b) : Given, Mean of data x = 10 median are 21 and 22 respectively, then its
mode is
2 + 3 + 5 +18 +17 +15 +13 + x + 9 + 7
So, x = (a) 22.0 (b) 20.5
10 (c) 25.5 (d) 23.2
89 + x
10 = (e) 24.0
10 Kerala CEE-2019
∴ x = 11 Ans. (e) : We have,
∑ xi − x mode + 2× mean = 3× median
Mean deviation from mean = Mode = 3× median – 2 × mean
n
= 3×22 – 2×21 = 66 – 42 = 24
37 + x 48
= = = 4.8 63. If the combined mean of one group with 10
10 10
observations is 15, then the mean of the other
60. If the mean of the discrete distribution 8, 9, 6, group with 8 observations is equal to
5, x, 4, 6, 5 is 6, then its standard deviation
46 35
(nearest to two decimal places) is (a) (b)
(a) 2.50 (b) 1.58 3 4
(c) 0.51 (d) 1.41 45 41
(c) (d)
TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-I 4 4
Ans. (b) : We have, 43
(e)
Mean = 6 4
8+9+6+5+ x +4+6+5 Kerala CEE-2015
∴ =6
8 Ans. (c) : Let, x i and x 2 be the mean of the two
⇒ 43 + x = 48 ⇒ x = 5 observations with n1 = 10 and n2 = 8
So, data are 8, 9, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5 ∴ Their combined mean x can be given as
xi = 8, 9, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5 n x + n2 x2
⇒ x i2 = 64, 81, 36, 25, 25, 16, 36, 25 x= 1 1
n1 + n 2
∴ ∑ x i2 = 64 + 81 + 36 + 25 + 25 + 16 + 36 + 25 = 308 40 10 × 15 + 8 × x 2
=
1 3 10 + 8
∴ SD ( x ) = ∑ x1 − ( x )
2 2

N 45
x2 =
1 4
× 308 − ( 6 ) = 38.5 − 36 = 2.5 = 1.58 64. The mean and variance of the data 4, 5, 6, 6, 7,
2
=
8
9
61. If for some positive x ∈ R, the frequency 8, x, y where x < y are 6, and respectively.
distribution of the marks obtained by 20 4
students in a certain test, is as follows Then x4 + y2 is equal to
(a) 162 (b) 320
Marks 2 3 5 7 (c) 674 (d) 420
x2 – JEE Main-27.06.2022, Shift-II
Frequency ( x + 1 ) 2x – 5
2
x
3x Ans. (b) :
Then the mean of the marks is 4+5+6+6+7+8+ x + y
mean x = =6
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.8 (c) 3.0 (d) 3.2 8
MHT CET-2022 x + y = 48 –36
Ans. (b) : Total no of students = 20 x + y = 12 …(i)
= (x +1)2 + 2x – 5 + x2 –3x + x = 20
= Variance (16 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 67 + x 2 + y 2 ) − 36 = b
1 9
= x2 + 1 + 2x + 2x – 5 + x2 – 3x + x = 20 8 4
= x2 + x – 12 = 0 x2 + y2 = 80 ….(ii)
= ( x –3) (x + 4) = 0 From equation (i) and (ii) ,we get –
x = 3, –4 x=4,y=8
∴ x=3 ∴ x4 + y2 = 256 + 64 = 320
Statistics and Probability 1548 YCT
B. Calculation of Standard Ans. (b) : Variance of first n natural numbers is,
∑x  ∑ xi
2
Deviation, Variance and Mean 2

σ = −
2 i
 n  ….(i)
Deviation, Poisson Distribution n  
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
65. If the coefficient of variation and standard
deviation are 60 and 21 respectively, the
∑x 2
i = 12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n 2 =
6
arithmetic mean of distribution is n(n + 1)
(a) 60 (b) 30 ∑ x i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n = 2
(c) 35 (d) 21
From (i), we have,
Karnataka CET-2014 2
Ans. (c) : Given, n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  n(n + 1) 
σ2 = − 
Coefficient of variation = 60 6n  2n 
Standard deviation (σ) = 21 (n + 1)(2n + 1) (n + 1)2
σ = −
Q Coefficient of variation = × 100 6 4
x
 n + 1   4n + 2 − 3n − 3  ( n + 1)( n − 1) n − 1
2
21 =    = =
∴ Arithmetic mean (x) = × 100  2  6  12 12
60
69. The S.D of 4, 5, 6, 7,….., 13 is x, then the S.D of
x = 35 14, 15, ……, 23 is
66. The mean deviation from the data 3, 10, 10, 4, (a) x (b) 10x
7, 10, 5 is
(a) 2 (b) 2.57 (c) 3 (d) 3.75 (c) x+10 (d) x+ 10
Karnataka CET-2015 SRM JEEE-2015
Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (a) : Adding number to a random variable does not
Observation are 3,10,10,4,7,10 and 5. change the standard deviation since all values are
shifted by the same amount.
Number of observation (n) = 7
We have, S.D. of 4, 5, 6, 7,…., 13 is x
∴ Arithmetic mean So, S.D. of (4 + 10), (5 + 10), (6 + 10),…..,(13 + 10)
∑d i =| x i − x |=| 3 − 7 | + |10 − 7 | + |10 − 7 | + | 4 − 7 | + | 7 − 7 | is also x.
| 10 − 7 | + | 5 − 7 | = 4 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 2 ∴ S.D. of 14, 15, 16,…..,23 is x.
∑d i = 18 70. The mean deviation from the median of the
following set of observations 5, 3, 9, 12, 3, 10,
Now, mean deviation (M.D) = i 18 ∑d
= = 2.57
12, 21, 18, 12, 21 is
n 7 (a) 5.113 (b) 4.606
(c) 4.134 (d) 4.909
67. The coefficient of Skewness of a distribution is
0.32. If its standard deviation is 6.5 and mean is BITSAT-2007
29.6, then the mode of the distribution is given by Ans. (d) : There are 11 observations, on arranging
(a) 28.48 (b) 27.52 these observations in ascending order of magnitude,
(c) 30.46 (d) 31.14 we get,
SRM JEEE-2019 3, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 18, 21, 21
Ans. (b) : Given, The coefficient of Skewness of a The number of observations n ( =11) is an odd number,
distribution (D) = 0.32 therefore, median
11 + 1
Standard deviation (σ) = 6.5 M= The observations = 6th observation = 12
Mean ( x ) = 29.6 2
For the mean deviation (about median), construct the
We know that, following table :
Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness of a distribution (D)
xi : 3 3 5 9 10 12 12 12 18 21 21
Mean – Mode
= x i − M : − 9 − 9 − 7 −3 −2 0 0 0 6 9 9
Standard deviation
xi − M : 9 9 7 3 2 0 0 0 6 9 9
29.6 – mode
0.32 = Mean deviation (about median)
6.5 ∑ x i − M ∑ x i − 12 54
So, mode = 27.52 = = = = 4.909
n n 11
68. The variance of first ‘n’ natural numbers is
71. If the mean, mode and S.D. of a frequency
n2 +1 n2 −1 distribution are 41, 45 and 8 respectively, then
(a) (b)
12 12 its Pearson's coefficient of skewness is
(n + 1)(2n + 1) 1 −1 2
(c) (d) none of these (a) (b) (c) (d) 1
6 3 2 3
SRM JEEE-2011 BITSAT-2010
Statistics and Probability 1549 YCT
 Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (a) : Given, coefficient of variation C1 = 50 and
mean = 41 coefficient of variation C2 = 60
mode = 45 We have x1 = 30 and x 2 = 25
Standard deviation (S.D.) = 8 We know that coefficient of variation,
We know that, pearson's coefficient of skewness,
σ
Mean − Mode Q C = × 100
SK = s x
S.D.
σ1
41 − 45 1 50 = ×100
=− 30
8 2
⇒ σ1 = 15
72. Find the variance of the data given below
Size of 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 σ
and 60 = 2 ×100
item 25
Frequ 3 7 22 60 85 32 8 ⇒ σ2 = 15
ency Q Required difference σ1 − σ 2 = 15 − 15 = 0
(a) 1.29 (b) 2.19 75. If the mean and standard deviation of 10
(c) 1.32 (d) None of these observations x1 , x 2 ,.....x10 are 2 and 3
BITSAT-2013 respectively, then the mean of
Ans. (c) : (x1 + 1)2 , (x 2 + 1)2 ,.....(x10 + 1)2 is equal to
xi f fxi
( xi − x ) f ( xi − x )
2 2
(a) 18 (b) 13.5
(c) 14.4 (d) 16
3.5 3 10.5 12.88 38.64 BITSAT-2016
4.5 7 31.5 6.703 46.92 Ans. (a) : Given,
5.5 22 121 2.524 55.53 Mean ( x ) = 2
6.5 60 390 0.324 20.82 Standard deviation (S.D.) = 3
7.5 85 637.5 0.169 14.36 Mean,
8.5 32 272 1.991 63.71 1 10
9.5 8 76 5.813 46.50 ⇒ ∑ xi = 2
10 i=1
n = ∑ fx i =
( )
2 10
∑ f x − x =
217 i ⇒ ∑ x i = 20
1538.5 i =1
286.48
∑ fx
2
 
∑(x − x) ( xi − 2)
2 2
1538.5
Mean ( x ) =
10
= = 7.089
i
=3 = ∑  = 32
i
n 217 S. D. ,
n  i =1 10 
1  
∴ Variance (σ2) = ∑ f ( x i − x )2 1 10
∑ ( xi − 2) = 9
2
n
286.48 10 i =1
= = 1.32 10 10 10
217
∑ x + ∑ 4 − 4∑ x
2
i i = 90
73. If M. D. is 12, the value of S.D. will be i =1 i =1 i =1
10
(a) 15 (b) 12
(c) 24 (d) None of these ∑xi =1
2
i + 40 − 4 × 20 = 90
BITSAT-2014 10
Ans. (a): Given, ∑xi =1
2
i = 130
Mean deviation (M. D) = 12
We know that Quartile deviation, Let x be the mean of (x1 + 1) 2 , (x 2 + 1)2 .....(x10 + 1) 2
5 5 Then,
Q.D. = × M.D. = ×12 = 10
6 6 1 10
⇒ x = ∑ (x i + 1) 2
3 3 10 i=1
∴ S.D. = × Q.D. = × 10 ⇒ S.D. = 15.
2 2 1 2 10
So, required S. D will be 15. ⇒ x = × 130 + × 20 + = 18
10 10 10
74. Coefficient of variation of two distributions are
76. For a frequency distribution, standard
50 and 60, their arithmetic means are 30 and
deviation is computed by
25, respectively. Difference of their standard
∑f (x − x) ∑f (x + x)
2
deviations is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1.3 (d) 2.5 (a) σ= (b) σ =
BITSAT-2017 ∑f ∑f
Statistics and Probability 1550 YCT
 Ans. (b) : Given,
∑f (x − x) ∑f (x − x)
2

(c) σ = (d) σ = Let n1 = 5, n 2 = 3, x1 = 8, x 2 = 8, σ12 = 18, σ 22 = 24

∑f ∑f n 1 x1 + n 2 x 2
MHT CET-2021 Combined mean x c =
Ans. (c) : Formula to calculate, standard deviation n1 + n 2
5 × 8 + 3× 8
∑f (x − x) =
2

σ= 5+3
∑f =
40 + 24 64
= =8
Where, f = frequency of observation x 8 8
x = Mean of the frequency distribution Now, d1 = x1 − x c = 8 − 8 = 0
∑ f = sum of all frequcencies d2 = x 2 − xc = 8 − 8 = 0
77. The variance of the data 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is
(a) 6 (b) 7 n1 ( σ12 + d12 ) + n 2 ( σ 22 + d 22 )
Combined variance σc2 =
(c) 8 (d) None of these n1 + n 2
MHT CET-2021
5 (18 ) + 3 ( 24 ) 90 + 72 162
Ans. (c) : Given , observation is 2, 4. 6, 8, 10 = =
n=5 5+3 8 8
= 20.25
Sum of all observation , ∑ x i = 30
80. If the mean and coefficient of variation are 48
∑ x12 = 220 and 16 respectively, then what is the standard
deviation?
∑ x i2  ∑ x i 
2 2
220  30  (a) 7.68 (b) 33.33
∴ Variance = −
 n 
= − 
(c) 0.03 (d) 8.25
n   5  5 
MHT CET-2021
= 44 – 36 = 8
Ans. (a) : Given,
78. The variance of α, β and γ is 9, then the Coefficient of variation (c.v.) = 16
variance of 5α, 5β and 5γ is Mean = 16
9 Q Coefficient of variation,
(a) 45 (b) σ
5 ( c.v.) = × 100
5 x
(c) (d) 225
9 σ 16 × 48 192
16 = 100 × ⇒ σ = = = 7.68
MHT CET-2021 48 100 25
Ans. (d) : So, required standard deviation is 7.68.

Variance =
∑ x i − ( x )2
2 81. The value of standard deviation is always
(a) Positive (b) Between 0 and 1
n (c) Between –1 and 1 (d) Less than 1
For α, β, γ we get,
∑ x i2 α 2 + β2 + γ 2
= = a (say)
MHT CET-2021
n 3 Ans. (a) : The standard deviation is a measure of the
α+β+ γ dispersion of a set of data from its mean. It is calculated
x= =b (say) by taking the square root of the variance. We also know
3 that the square root of any quantity is always positive or
For α, β, γ we write 9 = a − b 2 zero. Hence, the standard deviation is always positive.
5(α + β + γ ) 82. For a given distribution of marks, mean is
For 5α,5β,5γ, x = = 5b 35.16 and its standard deviation is 19.76. The
3 coefficient of variation is
∑ i=
x 2
( 5α )
2
+ ( 5β )
2
+ ( 5 γ )
2

=
25 ( α 2
+ β 2
+ γ 2
) = 5a 35.16 19.76
(a) (b)
n 3 3 19.76 35.16
Hence revised value of variance will be 35.16 19.76
25a – (5b)2 (c) × 100 (d) × 100
= 25a – 25b2 = 25 (a – b2) 19.76 35.16
MHT CET-2021
25(9) = 225
Ans. (d) : Given,
79. One set containing five numbers has mean 8
and variance 18 and the second set containing 3 Mean ( x ) = 35.16
numbers has mean 8 and variance 24. Then the Standard deviation (σ) = 19.76
variance of the combined set of numbers is We know that
(a) 42 (b) 20.25 σ 19.76
(c) 18 (d) None of these c.v. = 100 × = 100 ×
MHT CET-2021 x 35.16

Statistics and Probability 1551 YCT

83. A die is thrown 100 times. If the success is in 12.8
getting an even number, then the variance of P = = 0.8
number of successes is 16
(a) 25 (b) 10 Then probability of failure
(c) 100 (d) 50 q=1–p
q = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
MHT CET-2020
Ans. (a) : Total number of times a die is thrown, (n) = Q Standard deviation = npq
100 = 16 × 0.8 × 0.2 = 1.6
Total number of sample space = 6 So, required standard deviation of X is 1.6.
Possibilities of getting an even number = 3 86. Let X ~ B (n, p)
Q Probability = Total number of favorable If E ( X ) = 5, Var ( X ) = 2.5, then P ( X < 1) =
Outcomes 11 10
1 1
Tota no.of outcomes. (a)   (b)  
Probability of not getting an even number 2 2
6 9
'q' = 1 – p 1 1
(c)   (d)  
1 1 2 2
q = 1− = MHT CET-2016
2 2
Q Variance = npq Ans. (b) : Given, Mean E(X) = 5
1 1 Variance, Var(x) = 2.5
Variance = 100 × × Q Mean = np
2 2 5 = np ……(i)
Variance = 25
Variance = npq
84. If a die is thrown 100 times, then the standard 2.5 = npq = …..(ii)
deviation of getting an even number is From equation (i) and (ii)
(a) 10 (b) 5
1
(c) 20 (d) 15 q=
MHT CET-2020 2
Ans. (b) : Total number of times a die is thrown, (n) = Q p+q=1
100 1
Total number of sample space = 6 p=
2
Possibilities of getting an even number = 3
E(x) 5
Q Probability = Total number of favorable And n = = = 10
Outcomes P 1/ 2
P(X < 1) = p (x = 0) = n c r p r q n − r
Tota no.of outcomes.
0 10 − 0 10
Probability of not getting an even number 1 1 1
= 10 C0     = 1×1×  
'q' = 1 – p 2 2 2
1 1 10
q = 1− =  
1
2 2 p(x) =  
Q Variance = npq 2
87. A player tosses 2 fair coins. He wins Rs. 5 if 2
1 1
Variance = 100 × × heads appear, Rs. 2 if 1 head appears and Rs. 1
2 2 if no head appears, then variance of his
Variance = 25 winning amount is
Q Standard deviation (σ) = Variance = 25 5 17
(a) (b)
(σ) = 5 2 2
85. If X ~ B (16,p ) and E ( X ) = 12.8, then the 9
(c) (d) 6
standard deviation of X is 4
(a) 0.16 (b) 1.6 MHT CET-2019
(c) 2.56 (d) 0.256 Ans. (c) : When player tosses 2 fair coins then,
MHT CET-2019 S = {HH, TH, HT, TT}
Ans. (b) : Given , Let X be a random variable that denotes the amount
In binomial distribution, X ~ B (16, p) received by the player.
Number of trials (n) =16 Now, The probability of getting 2 heads
Probability of success = p 1
P ( X = 5) =
Mean E(X) = 12.8 4
Q Mean = np 1
12.8 = 16 p The probability of getting 1 heads P ( X = 2) =
2

Statistics and Probability 1552 YCT

 1 90. The mean and variance for the data 6, 7, 10, 12,
The probability of getting 0 heads p(X = 1) = 13, 4, 8, 12 respectively are
4
1 1 1 5 (a) 8, 26.25 (b) 9, 9.25
Now, ∑ XP ( x ) = 5 × 4 + 20 × 2 + 1× 4 =
2
(c) 8, 26.25 (d) 9, 9.25
COMEDK-2015
1 1 1 17
∑ X P ( x ) = 25 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 1× 4 =
2

2
Ans. (d) : Given,
Data is 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12
∑ X P ( x ) − ∑ XP ( x ) 
2
Q Variance of X = 2 Here, n = 8
6 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 13 + 4 + 8 + 12 72
17  5 
2
17 25 34 − 25  9  ∴ Mean= x = = =9
= −  = − == =  8 8
2 2 2 4 4 4 1
Hence, Required Variance of his winning amount Now, variance = ∑ x i2 – (x) 2
n
9
is   . 1
4 = [(6) + (7) + (10) 2 + (12) 2 + (13)2 + (4) 2 + (8)2
2 2

8
88. A random variable X~ B (n, p). If values of
mean and variance of X are 18 and 12 + (12)2 ] – 92
respectively then total number of possible value 1
of X are = [722] − 81 = 90.25 – 81 = 9.25
(a) 54 (b) 55 8
(c) 12 (d) 18 Hence, required mean and variance are 9 and 9.25
MHT CET-2017 respectively.
Ans. (b) : Given, 91. Sum of mean and variance of a binomial
Mean = np = 18 …….(i) 270
distribution of 6 trials is . Find the
Variance = npq = 12 …… (ii) 49
Where, p = Probability of success probability of success.
q = probability of failure 5 3 7 2
From equation (i) and (ii) (a) (b) (c) (d)
npq = 12 7 5 9 11
18 × q = 12 COMEDK-2019
2 Ans. (a) : We have given
q= 270
3 E(X) +Var(X) =
2 1 49
Q P = 1 – q = 1− = 270 270
3 3 ⇒ np + npq = ⇒ 6p(1 + q) =
And np = 18 49 49
n = 18 × 3 = 54 270
Then, Total number of possible value of x are 0, 1, 2, ⇒ 6p(1 + 1 – p) = (Q p + q = 1)
49
3, ………54
∴ Number of possible values are 55. 270 270
⇒ 6p(2 – p) = ⇒ 12p – 6p 2 =
89. The Standard Deviation of the numbers 31, 32, 49 49
33, ......... 46, 47 is 9 5 5
⇒ p = or ⇒ p = (Q 0 < p < 1)
17 47 2 − 1 7 7 7
(a) (b)
12 12 92. All the students of a class performed poorly in
(c) 2 6 (d) 4 3 Mathematics. The teacher decided to give grace
marks of 10 to each of the students. Which of
Karnataka CET-2021
the following statistical measures will not
Ans. (c) : Given change even after the grace marks were given?
The standard deviation of the numbers (a) median (b) mode
31, 32, 33 ….. 46, 47
(c) variance (d) mean
Decreasing each items by 30. We get, 1, 2, 3 …. 16, 17
COMEDK-2013
n2 −1 Ans. (c) : 1st solution : Variance doesn’t change with
Q S. D. of 1, 2, 3 ……n is =
12 the change of origin.
QS. D. of 31, 32, 33,……46, 47 will be same as those 1
2nd solution : σ12 = ∑ (x i – x)2
of 1, 2, 3 , ….16,17 n
Therefore, S. D. of 1, 2, 3…. 16, 17 1
σ 2 = ∑ {(x i + 10) – (x + 10)}2
2

17 2 − 1 289 − 1 288 n
= = = = 24 = 2 6
12 12 12 Hence σ12 = σ 22

Statistics and Probability 1553 YCT

93. A data consists of n observations x1, x2, .......xn. Ans. (b) : Regression coefficient
n ∑ xy − ∑ x ∑ y
n n

∑(x + 1) = 9n and ∑(x − 1) = 5n, then

2 2
If i i bxy =
i=1 i=1
n∑ y2 − ( ∑ y2 )
the standard deviation of this data is
(a) 5 (b) 5 8 × 218 − 32 × 24
b xy =
8 × 246 − ( 24 )
2
(c) 7 (d) 2
AMU-2019 1744 − 768
Ans. (b) : Given, b xy =
1968 − 576
∑(x + 1) = 9n
2
i ...(i) b xy =
976
1392
b xy = 0.7
∑(x − 1) = 5n
2
i ....(ii)
96. If two regression coefficients are found to be
∑(x + 1) = 7n
─ 0.6 and ─1.4, the correlation coefficient will
(i) + (ii) → 2
i be
(a) 0.92 (b) 0.43
∑x 2
i
(c) ─ 0.43 (d) ─ 0.92
=6 CG PET- 2011
n Ans. (d) : We known that the correlation coefficient in
GM of regression coefficient.
(i) – (ii) 4∑ x i = 4n ∴ Required correlation coefficients
=− ( −0.6 )( −1.4 )
∑x i
=1 = − 0.84 = – 0.916 = – 0.92
n 97. The coefficient of correlation between x and y
Variance = 6 –1 = 5 is 0.8, whereas the regression coefficient of y on
Standard deviation = 5 x is 0.2, then the regression coefficient of x on y
94. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls. will be
16 balls are drawn one-by-one randomly from (a) −3.2 (b) 3.2
the bag with replacement. If X be the number (c) 4 (d) 0.16
of white balls drawn, then CG PET- 2013
 meanof X  Ans. (b) : Given, coefficient of correlation between x
  is equal to : and y , r = 0.8
 standarddeviationof X  Regression coefficient of y an x byx = 0.2
4 3 r = b xy .b yx
(a) 4 (b)
3
0.8 = b xy × 0.2
(c) 4 3 (d) 3 2
AMU-2019 On squaring both sides we get
Ans. (c) : Probability of getting a white ball (0.8)2 = bxy 0.2
30 0.64
= = 3/ 4 b xy =
40 0.2
10 1 b = 3.2
Probability of getting a red ball = = xy
40 4 98. Let the positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 be
n = 16
Mean = np 31
in a G.P. Let their mean and variance be
Variance = npq 10
So, mean = 16 × 3/4 = 12 m
and respectively, where m and n are co-
And standard deviation = 16 × 3/ 4 × 1/ 4 = 3 n
so mean of x 12 4×3 31
= = =4 3 prime. If the mean of their reciprocals is
standard deviation of x 3 3 40
95. Find the regression coefficient bxy for the data and a3 + a4 + a5 = 14, then m + n is equal to.
Σx = 32, Σy = 24, Σxy = 218, Σx = 216,
2 JEE Main-12.04.2023, Shift-I
a a
Σy 2 = 246 and n = 8 Ans. (211) : Let 2 , , a, ar, ar2
r r
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.7
(c) 0.8 (d) 0.6 a a 31
Given + + a + ar + ar 2 = 5 × ….(i)
r2 r 40
CG PET- 2011
Statistics and Probability 1554 YCT
 r2 r 1 1 1 31
And + + + + 2 = 5×
a a a ar ar 40
….(ii) ∑x i
24
From equation (i) ÷ equation (ii), Ans. (b) : Given, x = = ...(i)
5 5
a2 = 4 ⇒ a = 2, a + ar + ar2 = 14
1+ r + r2 =7 ∑x 2
194
⇒ − (x) =
2
r=2 and σ =2
...(ii)
1 5 25
∴ Numbers are = , 1, 2, 4, 8
2 ∴ ∑x i = 24 (from equation (i) )
∑ x2  ∑ x  186 m
2

∴ σ2 = −   = 25 = n
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 24 ...(iii)
N  N 
∴ m + n = 186 + 25 = 211 ∑x 2
i
 24  194
2

and −  = ( from equation (ii) )

99. Two dice A and B are rolled. Let the numbers 5  5  25
obtained on A and B be α and β respectively. If 194 576
p
the variance of α – β is , where p and q are
∑ x i2 = 5 + 5
q
770
co-prime, then the sum of the positive divisors
of p is equal to
∑ x i2 = 5 = 154
(a) 36 (b) 48 x12 + x 22 + x 32 + x 42 + x 52 = 7 / 2
(c) 31 (d) 72 x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 14 (from equation (iii) )
JEE Main-12.04.2023, Shift-I
x5 = 10
Ans. (b) : 2
α –β Case 7
P x12 + x 22 + x 32 + x 42 −  
5 (6, 1) 1/36 and 2 =a
4 (6, 2) (5, 1) 2/36 4
3 (6, 3) (5, 2)(4,1) 3/36 x12 + x 22 + x 32 + x 42 = 49 + 4a
2 (6, 4) (5, 3) (4,3) (3,1) 4/36 x 52 = 154 − ( 49 + 4a ) (from equation (iv) )
1 (6, 5) (5, 4) (4,3) (3,2) (2,1) 5/36 102 = 154 – 49 – 4a
0 (6, 6) (5, 5)….(1,1) 6/36 100 = 105 – 4a
–1 5/36 4a = 5
∴ 4a + x5 = 5 + 10 = 15
–2 4/36
101. The mean and variance of 10 observations were
–3 3/36 calculated as 15 and 15 respectively by a
–4 (2,6)(1,5) 2/36 student who took by mistake 25 instead of 15
–5 (1,6) 1/36 for one observation. Then, the correct standard
deviation is _________.
 25 32 27 16 5
∑ x P(x) = 2  36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 
2

JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-I

105 35
=
=
18 6 ∑x i

µ = ∑ (x) = 0 as data is symmetric Ans. (2) : Mean = = 15

10
35
σ2 = ∑ (x 2
) = ∑ x 2 P(x) =
6
P = 35 = 5 × 7 ∑x 2
i
Variance = − 225 = 15
Sum of division = ( 50 + 51 )( 70 + 71 ) = 6 × 8 = 48 10
100. Let the mean and the
variance of 5
24 194 ∑ x i0 = 150 and ∑ x i2 = 2400
observations x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 be and
5 25 Actual mean, x new = 14
respectively. If the mean and variance of the
 2

7  ∑ x i  − 625 + 225 − (14 )
2
first 4 observation are and a respectively,
Actual variance =  
2
then (4a + x5) is equal to 10
(a) 13 (b) 15 = 200 − 196 = 4
(c) 17 (d) 18
JEE Main-29.06.2022, Shift-I ∴ Actual standard deviation = 4 = 2
Statistics and Probability 1555 YCT
102. Coefficient of variation of two distributions are 105. In a binomial distribution B(n, p), the sum and
60 and 70 and their standard deviations are 21 the product of the mean and the variance are 5
and 16 respectively. Then their AM's are and 6 respectively, then find 6(n + p – q) is
(a) 35 and 22.85 (b) 36 and 40 equal to
(c) 50 and 30 (d) 22 and 36 (a) 50 (b) 53
AMU-2017 (c) 52 (d) 51
Ans. (a) : Given, the coefficient of variation of 1st JEE Main-01.02.2023, Shift-I
distribution, CV = 60 Ans. (c) : Given,
Standard deviation, σ = 21 np + npq = 5
We know that, np(1 +q) = 5, n2p2q = 6
Standard deviation n2p2 (1 + q)2 = 25, n2p2q = 6
CV = ×100
Mean 6
(1 + q ) = 25
2

21 q
60 = ×100
Mean 6q 2 + 12q + 6 = 25q
21 6q 2 − 9q − 4q + 6 = 0
Mean = ×100
60 (3q –2) (2q – 3) = 0
Mean = 35 2 3 2
For second distribution, q = , ,q = is accepted
CV = 70 3 2 3
σ = 16 np = 3
Standard deviation 1
CV = ×100 n  = 3
Mean 3
16 n = 9
70 = ×100 26
Mean So, 6 ( n + p − q ) = 6 ( 9 + 1/ 3 − 2 / 3) = 6 × = 52
Mean = 22.85 3
103. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each 106. The mean and variance of 5 observations are 5
observation is multiplied by 2, then the and 8 respectively. If 3 observations are 1, 3, 5
variance of the resulting observation is then the sum of cubes of the remaining two
(a) 10 (b) 20 observations is
(c) 30 (d) 40 (a) 1216 (b) 1456
AMU-2017 (c) 1072 (d) 1792
Ans. (b) : Since, each observation is multiplied by 2 JEE Main-01.02.2023, Shift-I
variance of resulting observation is Ans. (c) : Given, 3 observation 1, 3, 5
σ new = k σ
2 2 2 let other 2 observation a, b
= 22 × 5 = 4 × 5 = 20 1+ 3 + 5 + a + b
So, =5
104. The mean and variance of a binomial 5
α a + b = 16 ...(i)
distribution are α and respectively.
3 2
 
If P(X = 1) =
4
, then P(X=4 or 5) is equal to: ∑ x12  ∑ x 
243 σ =
2
− 
5 64 16 145 5  5 
(a) (b) (c) (d)  
9 81 27 243  
JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-I 12 + 32 + 52 + a 2 + b 2
8= − 25
Ans. (c) : Given , mean, np = α ...(i) 5
Variance, npq = α/3 ....(ii) a2 + b2 = 130 ...(iii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get – From equation (i) and (ii), we get –
2
1 2 (16 – b) + b2 = 130
q= and p =
3 3 b=9
4 So, a=7
P (x = 1) = nqn –1 p1 = ∴ a3 + b3 = 1072
243
n −1
107. Let sets A and B have 5 elements each. Let the
2 1 4 mean of the elements in sets A and B be 5 and 8
n ⋅ ⋅  =
3 3 243 respectively and the variance of the elements in
n=6 sets A and B be 12 and 20 respectively. A new
4 2 5 1
set C of 10 elements is formed by subtracting 3
 2   1  6  2   1  16 from each element of A and adding 2 to each
p ( 4 or 5 ) = C4     + C5   .   =
6
element of B. Then the sum of the mean and
 3 3  3   3  27
variance of the elements of C is ______.
Statistics and Probability 1556 YCT
 (a) 32 (b) 38 109. The Mean & Variance of the marks obtained
(c) 40 (d) 36 by the student in a test are 10 and 4
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-I respectively, Later, the marks of one of the
Ans. (b) : Let, A = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5} students is increased from 8 to 12. If the new
mean of the marks is 10.2, then their new
B = {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5} variance is equal to:
5 5
Given, ∑ a i = 25, ∑ bi = 40, (a) 3.92 (b) 3.96
i =1 i =1
(c) 4.04 (d) 4.08
2 2 JEE Main-25.01.2023, Shift-I
5
 5  5
 5 
∑ ai  ∑ ai 
2
∑ bi  ∑ bi 
2 Ans. (b) : Given,
Mean = 10
i =1
−  i =1  = 12, i =1 −  i =1  = 20
5  5  5  5  n









∑
i=1
xi
5 5
= 10
n
⇒ ∑ a i2 = 185, ∑ bi2 = 420 n
i =1
Now, C = {C1, C2, …..C10}
i =1
∑i=1
x i = 10n

s.f. Ci = ( a i – 3) or ( bi + 2 ) And variance = 4

First five Last five 2
 
∑ x  ∑ xi
elements elements 2

∴ Mean of C, C =
(∑ a i − 15 ) + ( ∑ bi + 10 )
i
−  =4
10 n  n 
 
10 + 50  
C= =6
10
10
∑x2
i = 104n ........(i)
∑C 2
i Now the works of one of the student is increased from
= (C)
2
i =1 8 to 12
∴ σ = 2

10 Now, mean = 10.2

∑ (a − 3 ) + ∑ ( bi + 2 )
2 2

=
i
− (6)
2
∑x i – 8 +12
10 = 10.2
=
∑ a i2 + ∑ bi2 − 6∑ a i + 4∑ bi + 65
− 36
n
10 ∑ x i = (10.2 ) n + 4 .....(ii)
185 + 420 − 150 + 160 + 65
= − 36 = 32 From equation (i) and (ii), we get –
10 10n = (10.2)n + 4
∴ Mean + Variance = C + σ 2 = 6 + 32 = 38 0.2n = 4
108. The mean and standard deviation of 15 n = 20
observations are found to be 8 and 3 Now, variance
respectively. On rechecking it was found that,
in the observations, 20 was misread as 5. Then, ∑ xi2 − 82 + 122
− (10.2 ) = 104 + 4 – 104.04
2
the correct variance is equal to ______. =
20
JEE Main-28.06.2022, Shift-I Now, variance = 3.96
Ans. (17) : We have 110. Let S be the set of all values of a1 for which the
2
15
 15
 mean deviation about the mean of 100
∑ x 2r  ∑ x r  consecutive positive integers a1, a2, a3,….a100 is
Variance = r =1 −  r =1  25. Then S is
15  15  (a) {99} (b) φ
 
  (c) N (d) {9}
Now, as per information given in equation JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-II
∑ X 2r − 82 = 32 ⇒ x 2 = 73 ×15 Ans. (c) : Given, that mean deviation about mean of
15
∑ r
100 consecutive positive in is 25.
Let first in equation is a1 .
Now, the new ∑ x 2r = 1095 − 52 + 202 = 1470 then a2 = a 1 + 1
a3 = a1 + 2
And, new ∑ x r = (15 × 8) − 5 + (20) = 135 a4 = a1 + 3
1470  135 
2 a100 = a1 + 99
∴ Variance = −  = 98 − 81 = 17 Now , mean of 100 positive consecutive integers
15  15 

Statistics and Probability 1557 YCT

 a1 + ( a1 + 1) + ( a1 + 2 ) .......... + ( a1 + 99 ) 36756  1178 
2
x= σ= −
100 
38  38 
100a1 + (1 + 2 + .....99 )
36756 (1178 )
2
= a1 + 49.5
100 σ2 = − = 6.26×38 = 237.99 = 238
( 38 )
2
38
∑x i −x 112. Let X be a binomially distributed random
∴ MD = = 25 4
n variable with mean 4 and variance . Then 54
2 ( 49.5 + 48.5 + ....0.5 ) 3
= = 25 P(X ≤ 2) is equal to
100 73 146
2 × 1250 = 2500 (a) (b)
27 27
It is true ∀ a i ∈ N 146 126
So, set S = N (c) (d)
81 81
111. The mean and standard deviation of 40 JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-II
observations are 30 and 5 respectively. It was Ans. (b) : Given,
noticed that two of these observations 12 and
np = 4
10 were wrongly recorded. If σ is the standard
deviation of the data after omitting the two npq = 4/3
wrong observations from the data, then 38σσ2 is n = 6, p = 2/3, q = 1/3
equal to_____. 54(p (n = 2) + p (x = 1) + p ( x = 0))
JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-II  2
 2 1
4 1
 2 1
5
 2 1 
0 6

Ans. (238) : Here n = 40, mean = 30 and σ = 5 = 54  6 C2     + 6 C1     + 6 C0     

  3 3  3 3  3   3  
Q Mean = 30 
146
=
∑x i 27
∴ = 30 113. Let the six numbers a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 be in AP.
40 And a1 + a3 = 10, If the mean of these six
∑x i = 1200 numbers
19
and their variance is σ2, then 8σ σ2
2
Now, is equal to.
(a) 105 (b) 210
∑x i = 1200 − 12 − 10 = 1178 (c) 200 (d) 220
JEE Main-24.01.2023, Shift-II
2
  Ans. (b) :Given, a1 + a3 = 10
∑ x  ∑ xi 2
i  a1 + d = 5
∴ σ= −  a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 = 57
n  n 
  6
  [ a1 + a 6 ] = 57
2
a1 + a 6 = 19
∑x 2
i
2a1 + 5d = 19 and a1 + d = 5
5= − 900
40 a1 = 2, d = 3
Number are : 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 , 17
40 ( 25 + 900 ) = ∑ x i2 Variance = σ2 = mean of require – square of mean
2 2 + 52 + 82 + (11) + 14 2 + 17 2
2 2
 19 
− 
∑x 2
i = 37000 =
6  2
699 361 105
− =
∑x = 37000 − (12 ) − (10 ) =
2 2 2
Now, i 6 4 4
105
= 37000 – 144 – 100 = 36756 8σ = 8 ×
2
= 2 × 105 = 210
4
 
new ∑ x i2  new ∑ x i  114. The number of values of a ∈  such that the
Now, σ = −  variance of 3, 7, 12 a, 43 − a is a natural
n  n  number is:
  (a) 0 (b) 2
 
(c) 5 (d) infinite
JEE Main-29.06.2022, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1558 YCT
Ans. (a) : Given, number 3, 7, 12 , a, 43 – a mean, 77 49
x = 13 (c) (d)
36 16
JEE Main-27.06.2022, Shift-I
∑x 2
i Ans. (c) : Given, B(7, P)
− (x)
2
Variance = Here, n = 7
N
p=p
9 + 49 + 144 + a 2 + ( 43 − a )
2
And P ( n = 3) = 5P ( x = 4)
– (13)
2
Variance = 7
C3× P3(1 – p)4 = 5 C4 P4 (1 – P)3
5
7
202 + a 2 + a 2 + 1849 − 86a C3 p
= − 169 =
5 5 ×7 C 4 1 − p
2a 2 − 86a + 2051 − 845 1 –p = 5p
= 6p = 1
5
1 5
=
( 2a − a + 1) + (1205 − 85a )
2 p= , q= , n=7
6 6
5 1 7
Mean = np = 7 × =
=
( 2a 2 − a + 1) + 5 ( 241 − 17a ) 6 6
5 1 5 35
For variance to be a natural number Variance = npq = 7 × × =
6 6 36
2a 2 − a + 1 Sum of the mean and variance
= ∈N
5 7 35 42 + 35 77
2a2 – a + 1 – 5N = 0 must have solution are natural = + = =
6 36 36 36
numbers
Its D = 40 N – 8 always has 3 at unit place can not be 117. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and
perfect sequence So, a can not be integer s their variance is 6.8. If M is the mean deviation
115. Let X = {11, 12, 13,.......,40, 41} and Y = {61, 62, of the numbers about the mean, then 25 M is
.........90, 91} be the two sets of observation. If x equal to :
and y are their respective means and σ2 is the (a) 60 (b) 55
(c) 50 (d) 45
variance of all the observations is X ∪ Y, then
JEE Main-26.06.2022, Shift-I
X + Y − σ 2 is equal to............. 5

∑ ( xi − x )
2
JEE Main-29.01.2023, Shift-II
Ans. (603) : Ans. (a) : σ = i =1
2

Let X = { 11, 12, .... 40, 41} n

And Y = {61, 62 ...... 90, 91} be the two sets of mean = 6
observation, a + b + 8 + 5 + 10
=6
31 (11 + 41) 5
∴x = = 26 (means of x ) a+b=7
2 31
a=7–b
31 ( 61 + 91)
y= = 76 ( mans of y) ( a − b ) + ( b − 6 ) + (8 − 6)2 + ( 5 − 6 ) + (10 − 6 )
2 2 2 2

2 31 6 ⋅8 =
Now variance (σ2 ) of x ∪ y is 5
2 34= (a –b)2 + 17– a – 6)2 + 4 + 1+ 18
  a2 – 7a + 12 = 0
∑ x i2 + ∑ yi2  ∑ x i + ∑ yi 
a = 4, a = 3
σ2 = − 
62  62  b = 3, b = 4
  5
  ∑ xi − x
σ2 =
(11 2
+ 12 2
+ ... + 41 2
) + ( 612
+ 62 2
+ ... + 912
) − ( 51)
2 M= i =1

n
62
= 3306 – 2601 = 705 M=
( a − b ) + ( b − 6 ) + ( 8 − 6 ) + ( 5 − 6 ) + (10 − 6 )
∴ x + y − σ2 =| 26 + 76 − 705 |= 603 5
When a = 3, b = 4 When a = 4, b = 3
116. Let X be a random variable having binomial 3 + 2 + 2 +1+ 4 2 + 3 + 2 +1+ 7
distribution B (7, p). If P (X = 3) = 5P (X = 4), M = , M=
then the sum of the mean and the variance of X 5 5
is : 12 12
M= , M=
105 7 5 5
(a) (b)
16 16 ∴ 25M = 25 × 12 / 5 = 60
Statistics and Probability 1559 YCT
118. Let the mean and standard deviation of marks 119. A bag contains 4 white and 6 black balls. Three
of class A of 100 students be respectively 40 balls are drawn at random from the bag. Let X
and α(> 0), and the mean and standard be the number of white ball, among the drawn
deviation of marks of class B of n students be balls. If σ2 is the variance of X, then 100 σ2 is
respectively 55 and 30 – α. If the mean and equal to
variance of the marks of the combined class of JEE Main-28.07.2022, Shift-II
100 + n students are respectively 50 and 350, Ans. (56) :
then the sum of variances of variances of X 0 1 2 3
classes A and B is
(a) 500 (b) 450 (c) 650 (d) 900
6
C 1 4
C1 × C2 1
6 4
C 2 × C1 3
6 4
C3 1
P ( X ) 10 3 = 10
= 10
= =
JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-II C3 6 C3 2 C3 10 10 C3 30
Ans. (a) : We have, combined 2
 
A B ( A + B) σ 2
= ∑ ( )  ∑ ( ) 
X 2
P X − XP X
Mean x1 = 40 x 2 = 55 x12 = 50 2
 1 4×3 1   1 3 1 
SD σ1 = α σ 2 = 30 − α σ12 2
= 350 σ2 =  0 + × + + 9 ×  −  0 + 1× + 2 × + 3 × 
 2 10 30   2 10 30 
Total number of observation n1 =100, n2 = n, n12 = 100+n 2
1 6 3  1 3 1 
n x + n2x2 σ2 =  + +  −  + + 
Now, x12 = 1 1  2 5 10   2 5 10 
n1 + n 2 2
 20   12   144  56
100 × 40 + n × 55 σ2 =   −   = 2 −  =
50 =  10   10   100  100
100 + n
5000 + 50n = 4000 + 55n ∴ 100σ 2 = 56
n = 200 120. If for a distribution, Σ(x – 5) = 3, Σ(x – 5)2 = 43
and total no. of observations is 18, then the
∑x 2
i1 variance of the distribution is
− ( x1 )
2
σ12 = (a) 2.16 (b) 3.16
n1 (c) 2.36 (d) 3.36
APEAPCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I
∑x 2
i1 Ans. (c): We have:-
− ( 40 )
2
α =
2
∑ ( x − 5) = 3and ∑ ( x − 5 ) = 43
2
100
Number of observation (n) = 18
∑x 2
= ( α 2 + 1600 ) ×100
∑ ( xi − x )
i2 2

∴Variance =
∑x 2 n
∑ ( x − 5)
i2 2
− ( x2 )
2
and σ = 2 43
2
n2 = = 2.36=
18 18
121. The possible values of x if S.D of the numbers
∑x 2
i2 2, 3, 2x and 11 is 3.5 is equal to
( 30 − α ) − ( 55 )
2 2
= 5 7
n (a) 4, (b) 5,
3 3
∑x 2
i2 = (130 − α 2 + 3025 ) × 200 7 5
(c) 3, (d) 2,
3 3
(Q n = 200 ) APEAPCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I
Ans. (c):
∑x +∑x − ( x12 )
2 2 2
i1 i2 We have:-
Now, σ = 2
12 S. D. of 2, 3, 2x, 11 is 3.5.
n1 + n 2
2 + 3 + 2x + 11 16 + 2x
Qx = =
350 =
(i 2
+ 1600 ) × 100 + ( 30 − α ) + 3025 × 200 − ( 50 )
2 2
4 4
300 x
x = 4+
α 2 − 40α + 300 = 0 2
( α − 10 )( α − 30 ) = 0 1 n 
2

α = 10, α = 30
S. D. =  ∑ x1 − x 
n  i=1 
( α = 30 is not Possible )
1
( ) + (x ) + (x ) + (x )
2 2 2 2
∴ σ12 + σ22 = α 2 + ( 30 − α )2 = (10 )2 + ( 20 )2 = 500 3.5 = x1 − x 2 −x 3 −x 4 −x
4

Statistics and Probability 1560 YCT

 ( a – 6) + ( b – 6) + (8 – 6) + (5 – 6) 2 + (10 – 6 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1   x    x    x 
3.5 =  2 −  4 +   +  3 −  4 +   +  2x −  4 +   6.80 =
2   2    2    2  5
34 = (a – 6)2 + (1– a)2 + 4 + 1 + 16
2
  x  13 = a2 + 36 – 12a + a2 – 2a
+ 11 −  4 +   13 = 2a2 – 14a + 37
  2 
2a2 – 14a + 24 = 0

2
a2 – 7a + 12 = 0
x 
2 2 2 2

( 7 ) =   −2 −  +  −1 −  +  − 4  +  7 −  
2 x x 3x
  2  2  2 2  7 ± 49 – 48
  a=
  2
2 2 2 2
 x   x   3x   x 7 ±1
49 =  2 +  + 1 +  +  − 4  +  7 −  a=
 2   2   2   2 2
a = 4, 3
 x2 x   x2 x b = 3, 4
49 =  4 + + 2 × 2 ×  + 1 + + 2 ×1 ×  +
 4 2  4 2 So, a = 3, b = 4
 9x 2 3x   x2 x 124. In a distribution of 10 observation. The sum of
 + 16 − 2 × × 4  +  49 + − 2×7×  the observations is 60 and sum of their squares
 4 2   4 2 is 1000. Then the variance is
 x 2 x 2 9x 2 x 2  (a) 8 (b) 64
⇒ ( 4+1+16 ) +  + + +  (c) 32 (d) 40
 4 4 4 4  APEAPCET- 23.08.2021, Shift-2
+ ( 2x + x − 12x − 70 ) = 0 Ans. (b): N = 10
12x 2 ∑ xi = 60
⇒ + 21 − 16x = 0
4 ∑x 2
i = 1000
⇒ 3x 2 − 16x + 21 = 0
∑x  ∑ xi ( 60 )
2 2
2

σ= −  = 100 −
i
⇒ ( x − 3)( 3x − 7 ) = 0  N
(10 )
2
N  
7
∴ x = 3 or 3600
3 = 100 −
122. If the mean of a Poisson distribution is 1/3, then 100
the ration P(X = 1) : P(X = 2) is = 100 − 36 = 64
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 1 Distribution = 8
(c) 1 : 6 (d) 6 : 1 And variance = 64
APEAPCET- 23.08.2021, Shift-2 125. The mean deviation from the mean of the set of
Ans. (d) : Probability of Poisson distribution observations –1, 0, 4, is
e −µµ x (a) 3 (b) 1
P(x, µ) = , µ → mean (c) –2 (d) 2
x! AP EAPCET-25.08.2021, Shift-II
e −µ µ Ans. (d) : Given, mean of the set of observations = –1,
P ( x = 1) 6 0, 4
= 1! = = 6 : 1
P ( x = 2 ) e−µ µ 2 1 −1 + 0 + 4
x= =1
2! 3
123. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8,5,10 is 6 and 1
∴ Mean deviation =  −1 − 1 + 0 − 1 + 4 − 1 
the variance is 6.80. Then the possible values of 3
a and b are 6
(a) a = 2. b = 3 (b) a = 4. b = 5 = =2
3
(c) a = 1. b = 3 (d) a = 3, b = 4
126. For a binomial distribution B(n,p) mean= 200,
APEAPCET- 23.08.2021, Shift-2
1 1
Ans. (d) : standard deviation = 10, then n2 + 2 + 2 =
p q
X=
∑ x i = a + b + 8 + 5 + 10 = 6 (a) 1,60,004 (b) 1,60,006
n 5 (c) 1,60,008 (d) 1,60,002
⇒ a + b + 23 = 30 AP EAPCET-24.08.2021, Shift-II
⇒ a+b=7 …… (i)
Ans. (c) : p + q = 1
∑(x )
2
i –x Mean= n × p = 200 .......(i)
Variance =
n Standard deviation = n × p × q = 10
Statistics and Probability 1561 YCT
 npq = 10
npq = 100 ......(ii)
∑x 2
2
x
Variance = − 
Dividing equation (ii) from equation (i) n n
npq 100 w + x + y + z2  x 
2 2 2 2
= 9= − 
np 200 4 4
1
q= 25w + 25x 2 + 25y 2 + 25z 2 25x 2
2

2 New variance −
p =1 – q 4 16
w + x + y + z  x  
2 2 2 2 2
1 = 25  −    = 25 × 9 = 225
p = 1–
2  4  4  
1 129. If a random variable X has the probability
p=
2 distribution given by P ( X = 0 ) = 3C3 , P(X = 2)
n × p = 200 = 5C – 10C2 and P(X = 4) = 4C – 1, then the
200 200 variance of that distribution is
n= = 68 22
p 1/ 2 (a) (b)
n = 400 9 9
1 1 1 1 612 128
n 2 + 2 + 2 = (400) 2 + + (c) (d)
p q (1/ 2) (1/ 2)2
2 81 81
AP EAMCET-21.04.2019, Shift-I
= 1,60,008
Ans. (d) : P(X = 0) =3C3
127. The coefficient of correlation between x and y P(X = 2) = 5C – 10C2
is 6, then covariance is 16. Standard deviation and P(X = 4) = 4C – 1
of x is 4, the standard deviation of y is We know that,
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c)
20
(d) none of these ∑ P ( X) = 1
3 3C3 + (5C – 10C2) + (4C – 1) = 1
AMU-2003 3C3 – 10C2 + 9C – 2 = 0
Ans. (c) : The correlation coefficient p = 0.6 (C –1) (3C2 – 7C + 2 ) = 0
Covariance is ⇒ 16 (C –1)(3C –1 ) ( C – 2) = 0
The standard deviation of x is σx = 4 C = 1, 1/3, 2
Let the standard deviation of y is σy, ∴ C = 1/ 3
We know that, Now,
Co(x, y) x →0 → 2 → 4
Correlation coefficient, ( p ) =
σxσy P(x) → 1/9 → 5/9 → 1/3
2
16  
0.6 =
4σ y
Hence, variance ∑ x p2 −  ∑ x p 
2
4  1 5 1   10 4 
σy = =  02 × + 4 × + 16 ×  −  + 
0.6  9 9 3  9 3
20 2
σy =  20 16   66  60 + 144 484
3 =  + −  = −
128. If the variance of four numbers w, x, y and z is  9 3   27  27 81
9, then the variance of 5w, 5x, 5y and 5z is 204 484 612 − 484 128
= − = =
(a) 225 (b) 5/9 27 81 81 81
(c) 45 (d) 54 130. For a data consisting of 15 observations xi, i =
AP EAMCET-06.07.2022, Shift-II 1, 2, 3, …, 15 the following results are obtained:
Ans. (a) : Let, x be the mean of 4 number 15 15

w+x+ y+z ∑ x i = 170; ∑ x 2i = 2830. If one of the

x= i =1 i =1
4 observation namely 20 was found wrong and
5w + 5x + 5y + 5z was replaced by its correct value 30, then the
New mean,
4 corrected variance is
w + x + y+ z (a) 80 (b) 78
5  = 5x (c) 76 (d) 75
 4 
AP EAMCET-21.04.2019, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1562 YCT
 15 Ans. (a). According to the information .
Ans. (b) : Given that ∑x
i =1
2
i = 2830 x1 xi − x (x − x)
2
i
15

∑x
i =1
i = 170 2 –8 64
3 –7 49
Given, that one observation 20 was 5 –5 25
replaced by 30. 7 –3 9
Therefore, ∑ x = 170 − 20 + 30 = 180 and 11
13
1
3
1
9
17 7 49
∑x = 2830 − ( 20 ) + ( 30 ) = 3330
2 2 2
22 12 144
Given that number of observation n = 15
∑x i
80
We know that variance
2 2
∑x i = 80 , x =
8
=
8
= 10
  3330  180 
= ∑x  ∑x 
2
= −  = 222 –144 = 78
− 
∑(x − x ) = 350
2
n  n 
15  15  Q i
 
 
131. The mean deviation about the mean for the
∴ Variance of the given observation
following data is 350
= 43.75=
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 8
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
interval 133. The coefficient of variation and standard
Frequency 4 6 16 28 16 6 4 deviation of an ungrouped data are 60 and 21
(a) 35 (b) 10 respectively, if 15 is added to every observation
(c) 15 (d) 12 of the data, then the coefficient of variation of
the new data is
AP EAMCET-21.04.2019, Shift-I
(a) 30 (b) 42
Ans. (b) (c) 40 (d) 20
Clean fi xi fixi |xi – 35| |fixi –35| AP EAMCET-20.04.2019, Shift-II
internal σ
0 - 10 4 5 20 30 120 Ans. (b) : Coefficient of variance ( CV ) = × 100
µ
10-20 6 15 90 20 120 When σ is standard derivation µ is mean of an
20-30 16 25 400 10 160 ungrouped date.
30-40 28 35 980 0 0 σ
Q × 100 = 60 and σ = 21
40-50 16 45 720 10 160 µ
50-60 6 55 330 20 120 21× 10
So, µ = = 35 After adding 15 to each
60-70 4 65 260 30 120 6
Total 80 2800 800 observation of the data .
The new mean N' = 35 + 15 = 50 but
∑f x i i
2800 ∑ x '− x = ∑ ( x − x ) (When xi = xi + |15|
Q x= = = 35 i i

80
∑f i
∑(x)
1 n Now, σ = = 21
M.D = ∑ fi | x i − x | n
n i =1
∑ ( x ' − x ) = ( 21)
2 2
1 n ×n
= ∑ fi | x i − 35 |
i
(Hence n = 80)
80 i =1 So, new standard deviation
1
= × 800 = 10
∑ ( x '− x i )
2
80 ( 21) × n
2

132. The variance of the observations 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, σ = = = 21

n n
13, 17, 22 is
∴ New coefficient of variance
(a) 43.75 (b) 48.25
(c) 80 (d) 350 σ' 21
× 100 = ×100 = 21 × 2 = 42
AP EAMCET-20.04.2019, Shift-II µ ' 50
Statistics and Probability 1563 YCT
134. The variance of the following of the following Ans. (b) :
continuous frequency distribution is 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 6 + 9 + 13 + 12 + 15
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 Mean : x =
interval 9
81
Frequency 2 3 4 1 = =9
(a) 201 (b) 62 9
(c) 19 (d) 84 Deviation : x i − x
AP EAMCET-20.04.2019, Shift-I = |5 –9|, |6 – 9|, |7 – 9|, |8 – 9|, |6 – 9|, |9 – 9|, |13 – 9|,
Ans. (d) : Given, |12 – 9|, |15 – 9|
Class fi xi xifi ( x – x )2 fi ( x – xi )
2
i
= 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 4, 3, 6
interval 9
0-10 2 5 10 196 392 ∑x
i =1
i −x
10-20 3 15 45 16 48 MD =
20-30 4 25 100 36 144 9
30-40 1 35 35 256 256 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 − 3 + 0 + 4 + 3 + 6 26
= = = 2.88
N = ∑ fi = 10 ∑ x i f i = 190 ∑ f i ( x − x i ) = 840 9 9
2

138. The probability distribution of a random

x f 190
∴ x =∑ i i = =19 variable X is given below.
n 10 X=x 0 1 2 3
1 1
∴ Variance (σ)2 = ∑ f i ( x − x i ) = ( 840 ) = 84
2
P(X = x) 1 2 3 4
n 10
135. The discrete random variables X and Y are 10 10 10 10
independent from one another and are defined Then the variance of X is
as X ∼ B (16, 0.25) and Y ∼P(2). Then the sum (a) 1 (b) 2
of the variance of X and Y is (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 4 (b) 5 AP EAMCET-2011
(c) 6 (d) 2 4

AP EAMCET-04.07.2021, Shift-I Ans. (a) : Mean, m = ∑ pi x i

i =1
Ans. (b) : Comparing with the standard binomial (n , p)
distribution. Variance 1 1 × 2 2 × 3 3× 4
=0× + + +
= np (1 – p) = 16 × 0.25 (1 – 0.25) 10 10 10 10
= 4 × 0.75 = 3 2 6 12 20
=0 + + + = =2
Comparing with the standard Poisson (λ) distribution 10 10 10 10
variance = λ = 2 4
∴ Variance = ∑ p i ( x i − m )
2
∴ Sum of the variance of X and Y
i =1
= var (X) + var (Y) = 3 + 2 = 5
136. If 6 is the mean of a Poisson distribution, then = ( 0 − 2 ) + 2 (1 − 2 )2 + 3 ( 2 − 2 ) 2 + 4 ( 3 − 2 )2
1 2

P (X ≥ 3) = 10 10 10 10
(a) 1 – 25/e6 (b) e–6 –25 4 2 4 10
= + +0+ = =1
(c) 24 – 25e6 (d) e–3 10 10 10 10
AP EAMCET-04.07.2021, Shift-I 139. If the mean and variance of a binomial variable
Ans. (a) : Probability distribution X are 2 and 1 respectively, then P(X ≥ 1) is
e −λ λ x equal to.
P (X = x) = 2 15
x! (a) (b)
λ = mean = 6 3 16
P (X ≥ 3) = 1 – [P(X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)] 7 4
(c) (d)
 e −6 ⋅ 60 e−6 ⋅ 61 e −6 ⋅ 62  8 5
= 1−  + + 
 0! 1! 2!  AP EAMCET-2010
1 25 Ans. (b) : Mean = np = 2
=1 − 6 [1 + 6 + 18] =1 − 6 Variance = npq = 1
e e
137. The mean deviation about the mean for the Then q = 1/2, p = 1/2 and n = 4 (Q p = 1 – q)
following data: ∴ Required probability
5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 9, 13, 12, 15, is P (X ≥ 1) = 1 – P(X < 1)
(a) 1.55 (b) 2.88  1  15
(c) 3.89 (d) 5 =1 −   =
 16  16
AP EAMCET-04.07.2021, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1564 YCT
140. If m and σ2 are the mean and variance of the Ans. (d) :
random variable X, whose distribution is given by
∑ ( x ) = ∑ pi x i
1 1 1 1 1
X=x 0 1 2 3 = × ( −2 ) + ( −1) + × 0 + (1) + ( 2 )
P(X = x) 1 1 0 1 6 6 3 6 6
2 1 1 2
3 2 6 =− − + 0 + + = 0
Then 6 6 6 6
(a) m = σ2 = 2 (b) m = 1, σ2 = 2 E(x2) = ∑ pi x 2i
(c) m = σ2 = 1 (d) m = 2, σ2 = 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
AP EAMCET-2009 = ( −2 ) + ( −1) + × ( 0 ) + (1) + ( 2 )
2 2 2

Ans. (c) : Given, distribution is 6 6 3 6 6

4 1 1 4 10 5
X=x 0 1 2 3 = + +0+ + = =
P(X = x) 1 1 0 1 6 6 6 6 6 3
Variance (x) = E (x2) – E[(x)]2
3 2 6
5 5
= − ( 0) =
2
4
∴ Mean. = ∑ p i x i 3 3
i =1
143. If the variance of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is σ2, then the
1 1 1 variance of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 is
= 0 × + 1× + 2 × 0 + 3 ×
3 2 6 (a) 2σ2 (b) 4σ2
2
1
= 0+ +0+ = 1
1 (c) 100 + 2σ (d) 100 + 4σ2
2 2 AP EAMCET-24.04.2018, Shift-I
4
Ans. (b) : Lets a fundamental concept if each data is
Variance, σ 2 = ∑ p i ( x i − m )
2
doubled then variance is 4 times.
i =1
1 1 1 So, new variance = (2)2 σ2 = 4σ2
= ( 0 − 1) + (1 − 1) + 0 ( 2 − 1) + ( 3 − 1)
2 2 2 2
144. Consider the frequency distribution
3 2 6
1 2 C.I. 75 175 - 275- 375- 475- 575- 675-
= +0+0+ -175 275 375 475 575 675 775
3 3
fi 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
=1∴ m=σ =1 2
If the variance of this distribution is 60000,
141. The mean and standard deviation of a binomial then the coefficient of variation of the
variate X are 4 and 3 respectively. Then P(X distribution is
≥ 1) is equal to
16 16
400 6
1 3 (a) 60 (b)
(a) 1 −   (b) 1 −   17
4 4
16 16
400 6
2 1 (c) (d) 59575
(c) 1 −   (d) 1 −   9
3 3 AP EAMCET-24.04.2018, Shift-I
AP EAMCET-2007 Ans. (b) :
Ans. (b) : Given, C.I fi mid value fi xi
Mean = np = 4 and standard deviation = 3 xi
∴ Variance = npq = 3 75-175 3 125 375
On solving, we get - q = 3/4, n = 16, p = 1/4 175-275 2 225 450
Now, 275-375 1 325 325
p ( x ≥1) =1 − p ( x = 0 ) 375-475 0 425 0
= 1 − n C 0 p 0 q n − 0 = 1 – qn 475-575 1 525 525
16
3 575-675 2 625 1250
=1 −   675-775 3 725 2175
4
142. The variance of the random variance X having ∑i f = 12 ∑ fi x i = 5100
the following distribution
X=K –2 –1 0 1 2 x=
∑ fi x i = 5100 = 425
P(X= K) 1 1 1 1 1
∑ fi 12
σ
6 6 3 6 6 Coefficient of variation = × 100
x
1 2 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) 100 6 400 6
3 3 3 3 = × 100 =
AP EAMCET-24.04.2018, Shift-I 425 17
Statistics and Probability 1565 YCT
145. If the range of a random variable X is And,
( k + 1) a p=
1
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...} with P(X = k) = for k
3k 4
≥ 0, then a is equal to ∴ variance = npq
1 3 9
(a)
2
(b)
4 6. . =
3 9 4 4 8
147. The mean of four observation is 3. If then sum
8 16 of the squares of these observation is 48, then
(c) (d)
27 81 their standard deviation is
AP EAMCET-2005 (a) 7 (b) 2
Ans. (b) : Given, (c) 3 (d) 5
p(x = k) =
( k + 1) a for x ∈ {0, 1, 2......∞} AP EAMCET-2014
3k Ans. (c) : Let four observation is x1, x2, x3 and x4
As we know that, n=4
p(0) + p(1) – 1 p(2) +......∞ = 1 Given, mean ( x ) = 3
2a 3a
a + + 2 + ......∞ = 1
3 3 ∑x 2
i = 48
Let,
 2 3 4
S = a 1 + + 2 + 3 + .....∞ 

...(i) ∑x 2
i
∴ Standard deviation = − (x)
2
 3 3 3 
n
1 1 2 3 
S = a  + 2 + 3 + ......∞  ...(ii) 48
3 3 3  − ( 3)
2
3 = = 12 − 9 = 3
Subtracting equation (i) and (ii) we get - 4
1  1 1 1  148. If the mean and variance of a binomial variate
S − S = a 1 + + 2 + 3 + ......∞  X and 8 and 4 respectively, then P(X< 3) equals
3  3 3 3  to
  265 137
 1  (a) 15 (b) 14
2 2 2
S= a  
3 1
 1−  137 265
(c) 16 (d) 16
 3 2 2
2 a AP EAMCET-2014
S=3
3 2 Ans. (c) : Given,
9 Mean of binomial variable np = 8
S =a and variance of binomial variable npq = 4
4
From equation (i), 1
∴ q=
9a 4 2
=1, a =
4 9 1 1
and p = 1 – q = 1 – =
146. For a binomial variate X with n = 6, if P(X = 2) 2 2
= 9 P(X = 4), then its variance is 1
8 1 and n   = 8
(a) (b) 2
9 4 n = 16
(c)
9
(d) 4 ∴ P ( x < 3) = P ( x = 0 ) + P ( x = 1) + P ( x = 2 )
8 0 16 − 0 1 16 −1 2 16 − 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
AP EAMCET-2005 =16 C0     + 16 C1     + 16 C2    
Ans. (c) : Given, n = 6 and 2 2 2 2 2 2
16 16 16
p(x = 2) = 9 p(x = 4) 1 1 1 137
6
C2p2q4 = 9. 6C4p4q2 = 1  + 16   + 120   = 16
 
2   2  2 2
9p2 = q2
149. If the median of the data 6,7, x – 2, x, 18 and 21
q written in ascending order is 16 then the
p=
3 variance of that data is
We know that, p + q = 1 1 1
q (a) 30 (b) 31
+ q=1 5 3
3 1 1
3 (c) 32 (d) 33
q= 2 3
4 AP EAMCET-2015
Statistics and Probability 1566 YCT
 Ans. (b) There are six observation 35
=7
x−2+x 5
then = 16 given 2x – 2 = 32
Variance ( σ 2 ) = ( 9 + 3 + 112 + 52 + 72 ) − ( 7 )2
2 1 2 2
2x = 34 ⇒ x = 17 5
1
6 + 7 + 15 + 17 + 18 + 21
= (81 + 9 + 121 + 25 + 49 ) − 49
∴ Arithmetic mean = 5
6 285
= − 49 = 57 − 49 = 8
84 5
( x ) = = 14
6 ∴ Coefficient of variance
xi − x (x − x)
2
σ 8 200 2
i
= × 100 = × 100 =
–8 64 x 7 7
–7 49 153. The mean deviation about the mean for the
1 1 following data
3 9 Marksobtained 0-10 10- 20 20- 30 30-40 40- 50
4 16 Numberof Boys 6 8 10 4 2
7 49 is
(a) 9.33 (b) 5.6
∑(x − x ) = 188
2
i (c) 8.33 (d) 9.6
AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-I
1 188 94 1
∑ ( x1 − x ) = 2 = 3 = 33 3
2
∴ Variance = Ans. (d) Calculation of mean deviation about mean–
n Marks Mid fi fi xi |xi – fi(xi – x |
150. The mean deviation of the data 3, 5, 11, 13, 17, obtained Value x |
19, 23, 29 about its arithmetic mean is (xi)
(a) 8.5 (b) 8 0–10 5 6 30 16 96
(c) 7.2 (d) 7 10 – 20 15 8 120 6 48
AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-II 20– 30 25 10 150 4 40
Ans. (d) : Given, 30– 40 35 4 140 14 56
3 + 5 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 40– 50 45 2 90 24 48
x= = 15
8 ∑f i = ∑f (x
i i − x)
∴ Mean deviation about the mean = 630
30 = 288
3 − 15 + 5 − 15 + 11 − 15 + 13 − 15 + 17 − 15 + 19 − 15 + 23 − 15 + 29 − 15
8

=
12 + 10 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 14
=
56
=7
∑f x i i

8 8 Mean, x =
151. The variance of first 20 natural numbers is ∑f i

(a) 133/4 (b) 279/12 630

(c) 133/2 (d) 399/4 x = = 21
WB JEE-2015 30
Ans. (a) : Variance of n natural number ∑f (x − x)
i i
288
n 2 − 1 ( 20 ) − 1 ∴ Mean deviation =
2
= = 9.6
=
12
=
12
(∴ n = 20) ∑f i 30
400 − 1 399 133 154. In a Binomial distribution, if n is the
= = number of trials and the mean and variance
12 12 4
 n
152. The coefficient of variation of 9, 3, 11, 5, 7, is are 4 and 3 respectively, then 232 p  X =  =
 2
100 2 200 2 (a) 16C8 (38) (b) 12C6 (36)
(a) (b)
7 3 (c) 32C16 (316) (d) 16C7 (39)
200 2 100 2 AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
(c) (d) Ans. (a) : Let, x be the binomial variety for which
7 3
AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-I mean(np) = 4 and variance (npq) = 3
Ans. (c) : Given, Then,
9, 3, 11, 5, 7 q = 3/4
9 + 3 + 11 + 5 + 7  3 1
Now, mean ( x ) = ∴p = ( 1– q) =  1 −  = and np = 4
5  4 4
Statistics and Probability 1567 YCT
 4 12 12
n = × 4 = 16 1 3 3 1
1 (c)  +  (d)  + 
2 2 2 2
Now,
AP EAMCET-18.09.2020, Shift-I
1 Ans. (b) : We know that,
n = 16, p =
4 Mean, np = 9
3 3
And, q = And standard deviation = npq =
4 2
Hence, the binomial distribution Now,
16
16 16 / 2 16 − 3
32  n 32 . C8  1  3 2 npq =
2 p x =  = 2     2
 2 2 4 4
3
9q =
= 232 ×16 C8 38 × 32 = 38 ( 16 C8 )
1
2
2 1
155. For a Poisson distribution, if mean = l, variance q=
= m and l + m = 8, then e4[1–P(X>2)= 4
1 3
(a) 8 (b) 13 ∴ q = and p = 1 – q = and n = 12
(c) 9 (d) 12 4 4
AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I So, required binomial distribution
Ans. (b) : For a possion distribution = (p +q)n
mean = variance 3 1
12

l=m=4 =  + 
So. e4( 1–P(x> 2)] 4 4
= e4[P≤ 2] = e4 [P(x = 0) +P(x = 1) + P(x =2)] 158. If X is a binomial variate with mean 6 and
−4 −4 variance 2, then the value of P(5 ≤ X ≤ 7) is
e × 4 e × 4 e × 4 
0 4 1 2
e4  + +  4762 4672
 0! 1! 2!  (a) (b)
6561 6561
e4 ×e–4 (1 + 4 + 8) = 13 5264 5462
156. If the mean deviation of the data 1, 1 + d , 1 + (c) (d)
2d, ……. 1 + 100d. (d > 0) from their mean is 6561 6651
AP EAMCET-22.04.2018, Shift-I
255, then d is equal to
Ans. (b) : Given,
(a) 10.1 (b) 10.2
(c) 10.3 (d) 10.4 Mean, np = 6, and Variance, npq = 2
6 ×q = 2
AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
1
sum of quantity q=
Ans.(a):Mean, x = 3
n
1 2
n p =1− q =1− =
(a + l ) 3 3
= 2 (l = last term ) 2
n n× = 6 n = 9
1 1 3
( ) (
a + l = 1 + 1 + 100d ) = 1 + 50d
∴ P(5≤x ≤7) = P( x = 5)+ P (x = 6)+P(x = 7)
2 2
5 4 6 3 7 2
Mean Devation ( MD ) = ∑ x1 − x
1  2 1  2 1  2 1
= 9 C5     + 9 C 6     + 9 C7    
n  3 3  3  3  3 3
1 1 9×8× 7 × 6 9×8× 7 9×8 
255 = [50d + 49d + 48d + ...d + 0 + d + .... + 50d ] = 9 × 32 + × 64 + × 128
10! 3  4 × 3 × 2 ×1 3 × 2 ×1 2 ×1 
2d  50 × 51  1
255 = [9 × 8 × 7 × 2 × 4 + 3 × 8 × 7 × 32 + 9 × 4 ×120]
10!  2  39
255 × 10! 3 × 8 × 7 × 2 × 8 × 7 × 32 + 3 × 4 × 128
d= =
50 × 51 38
d = 10.1 1344 + 1792 + 1536 4672
157. The binomial distribution whose mean is 9 and = =
6561 6561
3
whose standard deviation is is equal to 159. The mean deviation from the mean of the series
2
12 12
(a), (a + d), (a + 2d).........., (a + 2nd) is
1 3 3 1 n(n − 1)d n(n + 1)d
(a)  +  (b)  +  (a) (b)
4 4 4 4 2n +1 2n +1
Statistics and Probability 1568 YCT
 n(n − 1)d 1
(c) (n (n + 1)d) (d) ⇒ q=
2n 2
AP EAMCET-21.09.2020, Shift-II ∴p + q = 1
Ans. (b) : The mean of given series 1 1
a, a+d . a +2d .... a +2nd in ⇒ p = 1 – q = 1– =
2 2
Mean Also n = 8, probability of 2 successes
a ( 2n + 1) + ( d + 2d + .... + 2n ) 2 6
x= 8!  1   1 
2n + 1 P(x = 2) = 8
C p 2 8–2
q = × ×
2!× 6!  2   2 
2

a ( 2n + 1) + d (1 + 2 + 3.... + 2n )
x= 1 28 7
2n + 1 = 28 × 8 = =
2 256 64
2n ( 2n + 1)
a ( 2n + 1) + d 162. The standard deviation of the scores 505, 510,
x= 2 515, 520 ..............., 595 is
2n + 1
(a) 500+ 5 30 (b) 500+ 30
a ( 2n + 1) + dn ( 2n + 1)
x= (c) 5 30 (d) 5+ 30
2n + 1
AP EAMCET-23.04.2018, Shift-II
x=
( 2n + 1)( a + nd ) Ans. (c) : Given,
2n + 1 Score 505 , 510, 515, 520, ....595
x = a + nd The mean of this 19 score = 550 = x
Now, So,
deviation from mean is xi – x 19

∑ ( x i − x ) =2(452 + 402 + 352 + .... 5 )

2
nd + (n − 1)d + (n − 2)d + .... + 0 + d + 2d + .... + (n − 1)d + (n − 2)d + nd
M.D =
2n + 1 i =1
= 2 × 52 [12 + 22 + 33 + ..... + 92]
2d (1 + 2 + 3 + ...(n − 1) + (n − 2) + n ) So, standard deviation
M.D =
2n + 1 19
2 × 52 × 9 ×10 × 19
2

 n ( n + 1)  ∑(x i
6
− x)
2 d = i =1 = = 5 30
 2  n 19
M.D =
2n + 1 163. If mean of a poisson distribution of a random
n ( n + 1) d variable X is 2, then the value of P(X > 1.5) is
Hence, M.D = 3 3
2n + 1 (a) 2 (b)
160. If X is a random variable such that σ(X) = 2.6, e e
then σ(1 – 4X) is equal to 3 3
(c) 1 − (d) 1 − 2
(a) 7.8 (b) – 10.4 e e
(c) 13 (d) 10.4 BITSAT-2010
WB JEE-2019 e −λ λ r
Ans. (d) : Given that, Ans. (d) : Since, P(X = r) = (∵where λ =
r!
σ ( x ) = 2.6 = var ( x ) mean)
∴ P(X = r > 1.5) = P(2) + P(3) + .....∞
σ (1 − 4x ) = var (1 − 4x ) = 1 − P(X = r ≤ 1) = 1 − P(0) − P(1)
= 4 × var ( x ) = 4 × 2.6 = 10.4 
= 1 −  e −2 +
e −2 × 2  3
 = 1− 2
 1!  e
161. The mean and variance of a binomial
distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Then the 164. If the variance of x = 9 and regression
probability of exactly two successes is equations are 4x – 5y + 33 = 0 and 20x – 9y – 10
7 21 = 0, then the coefficient of correlation between
(a) (b) x and y and the variance of y respectively are
64 128 (a) 0.6, 16 (b) 0.16, 16
7 9 (c) 0.3, 4 (d) 0.6, 4
(c) (d)
32 32 Jamia Millia Islamia-2008
WB JEE-2021 Ans. (a) : Given,
Ans. (a): Given that, Variance, (5x)2 = 9
Mean, np = 4 Regression equations
Variance, npq = 2 4x – 5y + 33 = 0 ……..(i)
⇒ 4q = 2 20x – 9y – 10 = 0 ……..(ii)
Statistics and Probability 1569 YCT
 4 33 mean divation about mean = 2
i.e. y = x+ [from equation (i)]
5 5 1x − 91 + 14 − 91 + z − 91
=2
9 10 3
x= y+ [from equation (ii)]
20 20 9–x+4–9+z–9=6
∴ Regression coefficients are – x + 27 – x – 9 = 6
4 2x = 18 – 6
b yx = 2x = 12
5 x=6
9
b xy = 167. The standard deviation of 1, 3, 5, 7 is
20
(a) 3.5 (b) 5
Cov(x, y)
∴ b yx = (c) 3 (d) 2
σ 2x
J&K CET-2016
4 36
Cov(x, y) = × 9 = Ans. (b) : Given,
5 5
The data 1, 3, 5, 7
cov(x, y)
and b xy = 1+ 3 + 5 + 7
σ 2y ∴ Mean = =4
4
36 20
⇒ σ 2y = × = 16
∑(x − 4)
2
5 9 i
Again Now, ∴ σ ( S.D.) =
Cov(x, y) 36 4
f (x, y) = = = 0.6
σ x .σ y 5 × 3× 4 (1 − 4 )
2
+ (3 − 4) + (5 − 4) + ( 7 − 4)
2 2 2

Hence coefficient of correlation = 0.6 and variance of y =

7
= 16.
165. For the given data, the calculation 9 +1+1+ 9
= = 5
corresponding to all values of varies (x, y) is 4
following
168. Let X be a random variable with its expectation
∑ (x – x)2 = 36, ∑ (y – y)2 = 25, ∑ (x – x)(y – y) = 20 E(X) = 3 and its variance V(X) = 2. If Y is
The Karl Pearsons correlation coefficient is another random variable defined by Y = 10X,
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 then the ordered pair (E(Y), V(Y)) is equal to
(c) 0.66 (d) 0.33 (a) (10, 200) (b) (30, 20)
Jamia Millia Islamia-2008 (c) (10, 20) (d) (30, 200)
Ans. (c) : Given, J&K CET-2015
∑ (x – x)2 = 36 Ans. (d) : We know that,
∑ (y – y)2 = 25 E(X) = ∑10xi Pi
∑ (x – x)(y – y) = 20
We know that,
and V ( X ) = E  X 2 −  E ( X )  
2

 
γ xy =
∑ (x – x)(y – y) Given, Y = 10X
∑ (x – x) ∑ (y – y)
2 2

20 2 ∴ E(X) = ∑ yi Pi = ∑10x i Pi
γ xy = = = 0.66
36 × 25 3
166. The mean of three positive number is 9. The = 10∑ x i Pi = 10.∑ x i Pi = 10E ( X ) = 30
mean is larger than only one of these numbers. 2 2
The mean deviation about mean is 2. the V(Y) = E(Y) – [E(Y)]
smallest number is = E (10X) – 900 = 100E(10X)2 – 900
2

(a) 5 (b) 6 NOW,

(c) 7 (d) 7.5 2 = E[X2] – [E(X)]2
J&K CET-2017 E[X2] = 2 + 9 = 11
Ans. (b) : Given, ∴ V(Y) = 100 × 11 – 900 = 200
mean = 9 169. If the total number of observations is 20, ∑xi =
Let the three positive number be x, y and z 1000 ∑xi2 = 84000, then the variance of the
x+y+z distribution is
=9 (a) 1500 (b) 1600
3
x + y + z = 27 (c) 1700 (d) 1800
y + z = 27 – x ……… (i) AP EAMCET-06.07.2022, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1570 YCT
Ans. (c) : Given, Given,
1
∑x i = 1000 3P ( x = 4) = P ( x = 2) + P ( x = 0)
2
λ4 1 λ 2 .e −λ λ 0 .e −λ
∑x 2
i = 84000 ∴ 3× = .
4 × 3 × 2 2 2!
+
0!
We know that, λ4 λ2
= +1
Var(x) = E ( x ) − E (x)
2 2 or
4 4
2 λ 4 = 2λ 2 + 8
1 1 
= .∑ x i2 −  .∑ x i  ∴ λ 4 − 2λ 2 − 8 = 0
20  20 
Solving , we get λ = 2
1 1 1000000
× (1000 ) = 4200 −
2
= × 84000 − ∴ mean = 2
20 400 400
= 4200 – 2500 = 1700 172. For the set A = {x1, x2, x3 , x4 ,x5} the variance is
170. A random variety X takes the values 0,1,2,3 4 and the mean is 2. For the set B =
and its mean is 1.3. If P(X=3) = 2P(X=1) and {y1, y2 , y3 , y4 ,y5} the variance is 5 and the
P(X=2) = 0.3, then P(X=0) is equal to : mean is 4. Then the variance of A ∪ B is _____
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (a) 6 (b) 6.5
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.4 (c) 5.5 (d) 5
EAMCET-2003 AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I
Ans.(d) Given Probability distribution Ans. (c): Given,
X 0 1 2 3 5
P(X = x P 0.3 2.P ∑ xi
x) i =1
= 2 ⇒ ∑ x i = 10
We know that total Probability = 1 5
∴ x + P + 0.3 + 2P = 1 ( Let P(x = 1) = P ) and P(x =
0) = x) and
∑ yi = 4 ⇒ ∑ y = 20
i
or x + 3p = 0.7 ....(i) 5
Now, for set A variance σ2
Now, mean = ∑ x i Pi
∑ ( xi − 2) = 4
2

=
= 0 + 1 × P + 2×0.3 + 3×2 P = 1.3 5
= 7P + 0.6 = 1.3
∴ 7P = 0.7 = P = 1/10 ∑ i × 5 − 4∑ x i = 20
x 2
+ 4
Therefore, form equation (i) ∑ x i2 + 20 − 4 ×10 = 20
Therefore, form equation (i)
x = 0.7 = – 3P ∴ ∑ x i2 = 40
= 0.7 – 0.3 = 0.4
∑ ( yi − 4 )
2

∴ P(x = 0) = 0.4 Similarly, =5

1 5
171. If X is Poisson variable such that 3P (x = 4) P
2 = ∑ yi2 + 16 × 5 − 8∑ yi = 25
(x = 2) + P (X = 0) then the mean of X is ______ = ∑ yi2 + 80 − 8 × 20 = 25
(a) 1 (b) 2
3 1 = ∑ yi2 = 25 + 80 = 105
(c) (d)
2 2
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I Mean of (A∪ B) =
∑ x i + ∑ yi
Ans. (b): In the case of possion variabe, 10
n −λ
λ .e 30
P (x = λ) = = =3
n! 10
Where λ is the mean ∴ variance of (A ∩B) =
∑(x − 3) + ∑ ( yi − 3)
2 2
λ 4 .e −λ
∴ P ( x = 4) = i

4! 10
∑ x + 9 × 5 − 6∑ x i + ∑ yi2 + 9 × 5 − 6∑ yi
2 −λ
λ .e 2
P ( x = 2) = i
2! 10
0 −λ
λ .e 40 + 45 − 6 × 10 + 105 + 45 + −6 × 20 55 11
P ( x = 0) = = = = 5.5
2! 10 10 2
Statistics and Probability 1571 YCT
173. Which of the following data has minimum = 1.68
variance? ∴ Mean and variance are respectively
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 1, 1, 2, 3, 6 = 2.8, 1.68
(c) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (d) 1, 1, 2, 2, 5 175. The mean deviation about the median for the
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I following data 6, 3, 4, 9, 2, 7 and 11 is
Ans. (a): According to options, (a) 1.89 (b) 2.57
(a)1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (c) 3.14 (d) 6.23
1 + 2 + 5 + 4 + 5 15 AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-I
Mean (m) = = =3
5 5 Ans. (b) : Arranging the data in increasing order,
Σ(m − x) 2 (3 − 1)2 + (3 − 2)2 + (3 − 3) 2 + (3 − 4) 2 + (3 − 5) 2 we get
=
n 5 2, 3,,4, 6, 7, 9, 11
4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 10 Here, Total no. of data is 7
= = =2
5 5 7 +1
∴ The median is =4
(b) 1, 1, 2, 3, 6 2
1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 6 13 The data which is 6 So, the median is 6, i.e. m = 6
mean(m) = = = 2.6
∑x
5 5
Σm − x i −m
Variance = Now, M.D. =
n
N
(2.6 − 1) 2 + (2.6 − 1) 2 + (2.6 − 2)2 + (2.6 − 3) 2 + (2.6 − 6)2
= ( 2 − 6) + 3 − 6 + 6 − 6 + 7 − 6 9 − 6 + 11 − 6
5 =
2.56 + 2.56 + 0.36 + 0.16 + 5.76 7
=
5 4 + 3 + 2 +1+ 3 + 5 18
11.34 = = = 2.57
Variance = = 2.268 7 7
5
(c) 1, 1, 2, 3,5 176. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls.
x 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 12 16 balls are drawn one by one randomly from
mean(m) = = = = 2.4
n 5 5 the bag with replacement. If X be the number
(Σm − x) 2 of white balls drawn,
Variance =
n  mean of X 
(2.4 − 1) 2 + (2.4 − 1) 2 + (2.4 − 2)2 + (2.4 − 3) 2 + (2.4 − 5) 2 then   is equal to
=  standard deviation of X 
5
1.96 + 2.96 + 2.56 + 0.36 + 6.76 4 3
= (a) (b) 4
5 3
13.6
Variance = = 2.72 (c) 3 2 (d) 4 3
5
(d) 1, 1, 2, 2, 5 JEE Main 11.01.2019, Shift-II
x 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 5 11
mean(m) = = = = 2.2 Ans. (d) : Probability of drawing white ball
n 5 5 30
(Σm − x)2 C1 3
Variance = is 40
= =p
n C1 4
(2.2 − 1)2 + (2.2 − 1) 2 + (2.2 − 2) 2 + (2.2 − 2) 2 + (2.4 − 5) 2 ∴ q = 1 – p = 1– 3/4 =1/4 , n =16
=
5 ∴ Mean ( x ) = np = 16×3/4 = 12
44 + 1.44 + 0.04 + 0.04 + 7.64
=
5 3 1
10.8
S.D. of ( x ) = npq = 16 × × = 3
Variance = = 2.16 4 4
5
mean of x 12
Minimum variance of data I is 2 ∴ =
174. The probability that A wakes up before the s tan dard Deviatin of x 3
alarm rings is 0.4. Then, the mean and variance = 4 3
of the number of times A wakes up before the
alarm rings, in the next 7 days respectively are: 177. In an experiment with 15 observations on x, the
(a) 0.4, 0.6 (b) 2.8, 0.6 following results were available
(c) 2.8, 1.68 (d) 7, 0.6 Σx2 = 2830, Σx = 170
AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-I One observation that was 20, was found to be
Ans. (c) : Given, wrong and was replaced by the correct value
P = 0.4 30. Then, the corrected variance is
n=7 (a) 78.00 (b) 188.66
∴ mean = np = 7× 0.4 = 2.8 (c) 177.33 (d) 8.33
and variance = npq = 7 × 0 .4 × 0.6 ( ∴ q = 1 – p =0) AIEEE-2003
Statistics and Probability 1572 YCT
Ans. (a) : Given, 9 4
(a) (b)
4 9
15 observation and ∑x 2
= 2830 ∑ x = 170 2
14
(c) (d) 1
3
∑x
i =1
2
i + 20 = 2830
2
AIEEE-2006
14 14 Ans. (d) : Given, the data
⇒ ∑x 2
i = 2830 − 400 = 2430 ∑x i + 20 = 170 101, 102, .....200
∴ mean ( x ) = 101 + 102 + ... + 200
i =1 i =1
14

∑x
i =1
i = 150 100
(101 + 200 ) n
14 = 2 (∴ S = ( a + l )
∴ ∑x
i =1
2
i + 900 = 2430 + 900 = 3330 100 2
301
14 = = 150.5
and ∑x
i =i
i + 30 = 150 + 30 = 180 2
For the data 151, 152, ....250. Mean x
2 100
 
15

∑x = (151 + 250 ) 401

 ∑ xi 
2
1 2 = = 200.5
∴ Var [x] = i =1 −   100 2
15  15 
 
∑(x − x)
2
  i

33330  180 
2 ∴ VA =
= −  = 222 – 144 = 78.0 100
15  15 
∑(x − x)
22
178. In a series of 2n observations, half of them i

equal a and remaining half equal-a. If the =

standard deviation of the observations is 2, 100
then |a| equal to
∑(x − 150.5 )
2
i
1
(a) (b) 2 =
n 100
(101 − 150.5) + (102 − 150.5) + ( 200 − 150.5)
2 2 2
2
(c) 2 (d) =
n 100
AIEEE-2004
( 49.5) + ( 48.5 ) + .... + ( 49.5)
2 2 2

=
∑(x − x)
2
100
i
(151 − 200.5) + (152 − 200.5) + ..... + ( 250 − 200.5 )
2 2 2
Ans. (c) : S.T =
N
100
a + a + ....... + ntimes − a − a − .... + times
New, X = ( 49.35)
2
+ ( 48.5) + .... + ( 49.5)
2 2
2n =
=0 100
∴ We get.
∑ ( xi − 0)
2
VA = VB
S.D =
2
VA
2n or =1
VB
a + a + ..... + a ( 2n times )
2 2 2

⇒ ∑ x i2 = 180. Statement I : The variance of first n even

2n
2n
n2 − 1
2n.a 2 natural numbers is .
= a2 4
2n Statement II : The sum of first n natural
∴ a2 = 2×2 = 4 ∴ |a| = 2 n ( n + 1)
numbers is and the sum of squares of
179. Suppose a population A has 100 observations 2
101, 102, ..... , 200 and another population B n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
has 100 observations 151, 152, ....., 250. If VA first n natural numbers is .
and VB represents the variances of the two 6
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
V
populations respectively, then A is Statement II is a correct explanation for
VB Statement I
Statistics and Probability 1573 YCT
 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; ∴ 2a2 – 14a + 58 – 34 = 0
Statement II is not a correct explanation for 2a2 – 14 a + 24 = 0
Statement I or a2 – 7a + 1 2 = 0
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false or a2 – 4a – 3a + 12 = 0
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true or a(a– 4) – 3 ( a – 4) = 0
AIEEE-2009 ∴ (a – 3) (a – 4) = 0
Ans. (d) : First n even natural nes are given as 2, 4, 6, 8 ∴ a = 3, 4
2 + 4 + 6 + 8...n times If a =3 , b = 7 – 3 = 4
∴ Mean =
n If a = 4 b = 7 – 4
n But b > a ∴ a = 3 , b = 4
( 4 + ( n − 2 ) 2 ) n [ 2n + 2] 182. For two data sets, each of size 5, the variances
= 2 = × = n +1 are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding
x 2 n
means are given to be 2 and 4, respectively. The
∑(x − x)
2
i
variance of the combined data set is
∴ Variance = (a)
5
(b)
11
n 2 2
( )
2
( 2 − ( n + 1) ) + 4 − ( n + 1) + 16 − ( n + 1) + ...
2 2
13
(c) 5 (d)
= 2
n
AIEEE-2010
(1 − n ) + ( 3 − n ) + ( 5 − n ) + ....
2 2 2

= n Ans. (b) : Given,

n ∑ x i = 2 = x = 10
n2 −1 ∑ i
≠ 5
4
∑ yi = 4 = y = 20
∴ State mint I is false
5
∑ i
The sum of first n natural nos. is
Now, variance
n ( n + 1)
∑(x − 2)
2

= ∑ ( x i − 2 ) = 20
2
2 4=
i

and sum of squares of first n natural 5

n ( n + 1) 2n + 1
∑(y − 4)
2
nos = = ∑ ( y i − 4 ) = 25
5=
i 2
6 5
Now, ∑ ( x i2 + 4 − 4x i ) = 20
Statement It is true.
∴ Statement I is false and statement It is true.
181. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and ∴ ∑ x i = 20 + 4 × 5 − 4∑ x i = 20
2

the variance is 6.80.Then, which one of the or ∑ x i2 + 20 − 4510 = 20

following gives possible values of a and b?
Similarly, ∑ ( yi − 4 ) = 25
2
(a) a = 3 and b = 4 (b) a = 0 and b = 7
(c) a = 5 and b = 2 (d) a = 1 and b = 6 or
AIEEE-2008
Ans. (a) : Given, ∑ yi2 + 16 × 5 − ∑ yi = 25 ∑ yi2 + 80 − 8 × 20 = 25
The data is a, b, 8, 5, 10 or ∑ yi2 = 160 + 25 − 80
a + b + 8 + 5 + 10 = 80 + 25 = 105
∴ mean = =6
5 now, combined variance
a + b = 30 – 23 1 
∑ ( x i − 3) + ∑ ( yi − 3) 
2 2

=a+b=7 10 
n x + n2 x2
∑ ( xi − 6)
2
Here, Combined mean = 1 1
Variance, σ = 2 n1 + n 2
5 5× 6
∴(x) = = 3.0
( a − 6 ) + ( b − 6 ) + (8 − 6 ) + ( 5 − 6 ) + (10 − 6 )
2 2 2 2 2
10
=
5 1
variance = [ 40 + 45 − 6 ×10 + 105 + 45 − 6 × 20]
( a − 6 ) + ( a − 1) + 4 + 1 + 16
2 2
10
= = 6.8
1 55 11
5 = [ 235 − 180] = =
or a2 + 36 – 12a + a2 + 1 – 2a + 21 = 6.8×5 = 34 10 10 2
Statistics and Probability 1574 YCT
183. For two data sets, each of size 5, the variances (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding Statement II is not a correct explanation for
means are given to be 2 and 4, respectively. The Statement I
variance of the combined data set is (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
5 11 AIEEE-2012
(a) (b)
2 2 Ans. (d) : If each observation is multiplied by k, mean
13 gets multiplied by k and variance gets multiplied by k2.
(c) 5 (d) Hence, new mean should be 2x and new variance
2 should be 22 σ2.
AIEEE-2010 ∴ Statement I is true and statement it is false.
Ans. (b) : Given,
186. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers
σx2 = 4 is
σy2 = 5 833
Also x = 2, y = 4 (a) (b) 833
4
Now,
437
∑ xi = 2 (c) 437 (d)
4
5 JEE Main-2014
∑xi = 10 Ans. (b) : Variance of first 50 even equation mos.
∑yi = 20 var (2, 4, 6 .... 2× 50)
1  22 var ( 1, 2, 3 ...50)
and σ x2 =  ∑ x i 2  − ( 2 )
2

5  Now, we have to calculate

var (1, 2, 3, ... 50)
1 
σ2 y =  ∑ y 21  − 16
∑(x − x)
2
5  50 × 51 51 i
mean, x = = =
∑x 2
i = 40 2 × 50 2 50
var (1, 2, 3 .... 50)

∑y 2
i = 105 ∑(x i − x)
2

∴Variance of the combined data set is =

50
1  x+y
σz 2 =  ∑ x i 2 + ∑ y i 2  −   ∑(x − x)
2
10    2  1 
( )
i

∑ x i2 + ( x ) − 2x.x i
2
1 145 − 90 55 11 Now, = 
= ( 40 + 105) − 9 = = = 50 50 
10 10 10 2
1 
∑ x i2 + 50 ( x ) − 2.x.∑ x i
2
184. A scientist is weighing each of 30 fishes. Their =
mean weight worked out is 30 g and a standard 50 
deviation of 2g. Later, it was found that the 50 ( 50 + 1) 50 × 51
measuring scale was misaligned and always Q ∑x i =
2
=
2
under reported every fish weight by 2g. The
correct mean and standard deviation (in gram)
of fishes are respectively. ∑x 2
i = 12 + 22 + 32... + 502
(a) 28,4 (b) 32,2
(c) 32,4 (d) 28,2 50 ( 51)(101)
= 25 ×17 × 20
AIEEE-2011 6
Ans. (b) : Correct mean = old mean + 2 = 30 + 2 = 32 ∴ var ( 1, 2, 3 ... , 50)
As standard deviation is independent of change of
1   51   51  
2
origin.  51 
 25 × 17 × 20 + 50   − 2.   .50   
∴ It means same standard deviation = 2 50   2  2   2  
185. Let x1, x2, ...., xn be n observations x be their
1  
2
arithmetic mean and σ2 be the variance.  51 
=  25 ×17 × 20 − 50   
Statement I Variance of 50   2 
2x1, 2x2, ...., 2xn is 4σ2
2
Statement II Arithmetic mean of 17 ×10  51 
2x1, 2x2, ...., 2xn is 4 x − 
2  2
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; 858.5 − 650.25 = 208.25
Statement II is correct explanation for ∴ Var ( 2, 4, 6 .... 2×50)
Statement I = 4× var (1, 2, 3 ... 50) = 4 × 208.25 = 833
Statistics and Probability 1575 YCT
187. The mean and the variance of five observations 189. If the standard deviation of the numbers 2, 3, a
are 4 and 5.20, respectively. If three of the and 11 is 3.5, then which of the following is
observations are 3, 4and 4, then the absolute true?
value of the difference of the other two (a) 3a2 – 26a + 55 = 0 (b) 3a2 – 32a + 84 = 0
observations, is (c) 3a2 – 34a + 91 = 0 (d) 3a2 – 23a + 44 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 7 JEE Main-2016
(c) 5 (d) 3 Ans. (b) : We have that,
JEE Main 12.01.2019, Shift-II it x1, x2, x3……..xn are n observation then their
Ans. (b) : Let the five observation are 3, 4, 4, x, y standard deviation is
Given mean = 4 2
3+ 4+ 4+ x + y  
∴ =4 . 1  ∑ xi 
5 given by ∑ x i2 −  n 
∴ x + y + 11 = 20 n
 
∴ x + y = 9 .....(i)  
2
 2 2 + 32 + a 2 + 112   2 + 3 + a + 11 
∑(x − x) We have ( 3.5 ) = 
2 2
i − 
Variance 5.2 =  4   4 
5 49 134 + a 2 256 + a 2 + 32a
= −
∴ ∑ ( x i − x )2 = 5.2 × 5 = 26.0 4 4
2
16
49 × 4 = 3a – 32 a + 280
3a2 – 32 a + 84 = 0
( )
2
or ∑ x i2 + ( x ) − 2xx i = 26
2
190. If both the mean and the standard deviation of
50 observation
∑ (x i + ( x ) − 2x.x i ) = 26 x 1, x2, ..... x50 are equal to 16, then the mean of
2 5 2

(x1 – 4)2, (x2 – 4)2, ....., (x50 – 4)2 is

or 9 + 16 + 16 + x2 + y2 + 5.16 – 2× 4 ( 11 +x +y ) = (a) 480 (b) 400
26 (c) 380 (d) 525
or 41 + x2 + y2 + 80 – 8( 11 + x + y ) = 26 JEE Main 10.04.2019, Shift-II
x2 + y2 – 8x – 8y – 88 + 41 + 80 – 26 = 0
x2 + y2 – 8x – 8y + 7 = 0 ∑ xi
But y = ( 9 – x) Ans. (b) : Given, mean = = 16
x2 +(9 –x)2 – 8x – 8(9–x) + 7 = 0 50
or x2 + 81 +x2 – 18x – 8x – 72 +8x + 7 = 0 and standard Deviation as 16 .
2x2 – 18x + 16 = 0 ∴ variance = 16×16 = 256
or x2 –9x + 8 = 0 We know that, V(x) = E(x2) – E[x] 2
Solving , we get x = 1, 8 2
 
y = 8, 1 ∑ i ∑ i 
x 2
x
∴ |x –y| = |(8 –1)| = 7 ∴ 256 = − 
9 9 50  50 
188. If ∑ ( xi − 5 ) = 9 and ∑ ( xi − 5 ) = 45 , then the  
2

i =1 i =1
 
standard deviation of the 9 items x1, x2,… x3, is
(a) 9 (b) 4 ∑ x i2
(c) 2 (d) 3 ∴ = 256 + 256 = 512
50
JEE Main-2018
Now, the mean of (x1 –4)2 , (x2 –4)2 .... (x50 – 4)2
Ans. (c) : Given,
∑ ( x i − 4 ) ∑ x 2i 16 × 50 ∑ x i
9 2

∑i =1
( x i − 5 ) = 9
= = = + −8
9 50 50 50 50
and ∑ ( x i − 5 ) = 45
2
= 512 + 16 – 8 ×16
i =1 = 512 –7 ×16 = 512 – 112 = 400
2
9
 9
 191. If the data x1, x1 ..... x10 is such that the mean of
∑ ( x i − 5 )  ∑ ( x i − 5) 
2
first four of these is 11, the mean of the
SD \= i =1 −  i=1  remaining six is 16 and the sum of squares of
9  9  all of these is 20, then the standard deviation of
  this data is.
2 (a) 2 2 (b) 2
45  9 
SD = −   = 5 −1 = 4 = 2 (c) 4 (d) 2
9 9 JEE Main 12.04.2019, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1576 YCT
Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (a) : Given,
4

∑x i =1
i ∑x i
= 11 mean = = 10
4 5
10

∑x
i =5
2
1 ∴ ∑x i = 50
and = 16
6 and variance = (S.P)2
10 4 10 =9
∴ ∑x = ∑x +∑x i i i
∑(x − 10 )
2
i =1 i =1 i =5
i
= 44 + 96 = 140 ∴ =9
10 5
Also, ∑x 2
i = 2000
∑(x + 10 ) = 45
2
i =1 ∴ 2
i
2
 
 ∑ xi  ∑x 2

∑(x + 100 − 20x i ) = 45

i 2
∴ Variance = −  i
10  10 
 
  ∑x 2
i + 100 × 5 − 20∑ x i = 45
2000
− (14 ) = 200 − 196 = 4
2
=
10 ∴ ∑x 2
i + 500 − 20 × 50 = 45
∴ Standard deviation = 4 = 2
192. In a group of data, there are n observations, x1
n n
∴ ∑x 2
i = 545
x2... xn. If ∑ ( xi + 1) = 9n and ∑ ( xi − 1) = 5n ,
2 2

i =1 i=1
Now, variance (x1 , x2 , x3 ... x5 – 50)
= ∑ ( xi − x )
2
the standard deviation of the data is
(a) 2 (b) 7 6
(c) 5 (d) 5
JEE Main 09.01.2019, Shift-II x=
∑ x i − 50 =
50 − 50
=0
Ans. (d) : Given, 6 6
∑(x − x) ∑x 545 + ( −50 )
2 2 2
n

∑ ( x i + 1) = 9n
2
…..(i) ∴ Variance = i
=
i
=
i =1
6 6 6
n = 507.5
∑(x − 1) = 5n
2
And i …..(ii) 194. If the variance of the first n natural numbers is
i =1
On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i) We get– 10 and the variance of the first m even natural
numbers is 16, then m + n is equal to .... .
∑{( x } = 4n
n
+ 1) − ( x i − 1)
2 2
JEE Main 07.01.2020, Shift-I
i
i =1 Ans. (18) : Variance (1, 2, 3 ...n ) = 10
n n
Wring the formula of variance we have
∑ 4x i = 4x ⇒ ∑ x i = 4x 2
i =1 i =1  
∑ ( fidi )  ∑ fi d i 
2
n

∑x i σ2 = −  = 10
i =1
=1 n  n 
n  
 
∴ Mean ( x ) = 1 2
12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n 2  n + 1 
Now, standard deviation = −  = 10
n n n  2 
∑(x − x) ∑(x − 1)
2 2
i
5n i ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)  n + 1 2
= i =1
= = 5 = i =1 = −  = 10
n n n 6  2 
193. If mean and standard deviation of 5 n2 −1
observations x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, are 10 and 3, = 10
12
respectively, then the variance of 6 n = 11
observations x1, x2 .... x5 and –50 is equal to
(a) 507.5 (b) 586.5 setp - 2 The variance of the first even natural numbers
(c) 582.5 (d) 509.5 var ( 2, 4, 6 .. .2m ) = 16
JEE Main 10.01.2019, Shift-II = 22 var ( 1, 2, 3 ... m ) = 16
Statistics and Probability 1577 YCT
 ∴ var ( 1, 2, 3 .... m) = 4 x 20
=xi = = 10
m2 − 1 2 2
=4
2
12 ∴ From equation (i) we get
m = 49 10 = 20P – q
or m = 7 = 20p –q = 1 ....(iii)
∴ m +n = 11 + 7 = 18 New S.D. is given by
195. If the mean and variance of eight numbers 3, 7, λ2 = P. 1 .....(iii)
9, 12, 13, 20, x and y be 10 and 25 respectively,As it will not be affected by subtraction of q form each
then x y is equal to ..... . observation given That the new s.d is half of the
JEE Main 07.01.2020, Shift-II
original
Ans. (54) : Given, σ 2
3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 20, x, y σ2 = 1 = = 1
2 2
3 + 7 + 9 + 12 + 13 + 20 + x + y So, substitute this value in equation (iii)
∴ Mean 10 =
8 1 = |P| ×2
64 + x + y 20
= |P| = 1/2 q = – − 10 = 0
8 2
∴ x +y = 10× 8 –64 From equation (ii)
= 80 – 4 = 16 q = 20p – 10
∴ x + y = 16 .....(i) 1 20
Let P = = q − − 10 = 0
( xi − x ) 2 2
2

Var [x] = 25 = ∑ But q ≠ 0

N −1
∴ ∑ ( xi − x )2 = 25 × 8 = 200 ∴q=
2
(3 – 10)2 + (7 – 10)2 + (9 – 10)2 + (12 – 10)2 + (13 – −1
10)2 = 200 ∴ q = 20   − 10 = −10 − 10 = −20
2
or 49 + 9 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 100 + ( x –10) + (y – 10) =2  2 
200 = 172 197. The mean and variance of 20 observations are
( x –10)2 + (y –10)2 = 200 – 172 = 28 found to be 10 and 4, respectively. On
Now, y = 16 – x rechecking, it was found that an observation 9
∴ y – 10 = 6 –x = (y–10) = (6–x)
2 2 was incorrect and the correct observation was
11. Then the correct variance is
∴ We get
2 2 (a) 4.01 (b) 3.99
( x –10) + ( 6 – x) = 28
(c) 3.98 (d) 4.02
Simplifying , we get
2 JEE Main 08.01.2020, Shift-II
x – 16x + 54 = 0
Similarly, in variable y, we get the same equation Ans. (b) : Given,
2
y – 16y + 54 = 0 Mean x = 10
∴ Product of the root = 54
Since, root are x and y ∑x i
= 10
∴ x.y = 54 20
196. The mean and the standard deviation of 10 ∑xi = 200
observations are 20 and 2 respectively. Each of Variance σ2 = 4
these 10 observations is multiplied by p and
then reduced by q, where p ≠ 0 and q ≠ 0. if the ∑x i
2

− (10 ) = 4
2
new mean and new s.(d) become half of their
original values, then q is equal to 20
(a) 10 (b) –10 ∑xi2 = 2080
Correct Mean
(c) –5 (d) –20
200 − 9 + 11 202
JEE Main 08.01.2020, Shift-I = = = 10.1
Ans. (d) : Let, xi = old data and yi = New data 20 20
∴ Correct variance
∴ yi = Pxi–q
2080 − 9 2 + 112
Given, initial mean ( x ) and standard deviation ( σi ) − (1.01) = 106 – 102.1 = 3. 99
2
=
20
of observation are 20 and 2 respectively
Now, each of the observation is multiplied by P and 198. Let the observation xi (1≤ I ≤10) satisfy the
10 10
reduced by q. equations, ∑ ( xi − 5 ) = 10 and ∑ ( xi − 5 ) = 40 .
2

Now, mean x i = Px − q ...(i) i =1 i =1

Also, it is given that the new mean is half of the original If µ and λ are the mean and the variance of the
mean observations,
Statistics and Probability 1578 YCT
 x1 – 3, x2 – 3, ...... x10 – 3, then the ordered pair x 2 + y 2 + 4 + 16 + 100 + 144 + 196 2
(µ, λ) is equal to = − 8 = 16
(a) (6, 3) (b) (3, 6) 7
2 2
x + y = 100 …..(ii)
(c) (3, 3) (d) (6, 6)
We have that,
JEE Main 09.01.2020, Shift-I
(x + y)2 = (x2 + y2) + 2xy
10
Ans. (c) : Given, ∑ ( x i − 5 ) = 10 (14)2 = 100 + 2xy
i =1
xy = 48
10 200. A student scores the following marks in five
∴ ∑ x i − 5 × 10 = 10 tests 45, 54, 41, 57, 43. His score is not known
i =1 for the sixth test. If the mean score is 48 in the
10
six tests, then the standard deviation of the
∴ ∑ x i = 60 marks in six tests is
i =1
10 10
(a) (b)
∑ ix − 3 × 10
60 − 30
3 3
Now, m = = =3 100 100
10 10 (c) (d)
10 3 3
∑ ( i
x 2
+ 25 − 10x i) = 40 JEE Main 08.04.2019, Shift-II
i =1 Ans. (b) : Given,
∑x + 25 ×10 − 10 × ∑ x i = 40
2 6
i ∑x
i =1
i
= 48
or ∑ x i2 + 250 − 10 × 60 = 40 6
∴ ∑x i = 6 × 48
∑x 2
i = 40 + 600 − 250
Now, mean is
640 − 250 = 390 45 + 54 + 41 + 57 + 43 + k
= 48
6
∑(x i − 3 − 3) k = 48 ,
Now, Variance λ =
∑(x − x)
2
10 i
∴ var ( x ) =
2

∑(x i − 6)
1   6
= =  ∑ x i2 + 36 − 12x i 
10 10   ( 45 − 48) + ( 54 − 48) + ( 41 − 48 ) + ( 57 − 48 ) + ( 43 − 48 ) + ( 48 − 48 )
2 2 2 2 2 2

1  
=  ∑ x12 + 36 ×10 − 12∑ x i  6
10   9 + 36 + 49 + 81 + 25 + 0
=
1 6
= [ 390 + 360 − 12 × 60 ]
10 200 100
=
1 30 6 3
.[ 750 − 720 ] = =3
10 10 100 10
∴ Standard deviation = =
∴ (µ , λ ) (3, 3) 30 3
199. The mean and variance of seven observations 201. If the standard deviation of the numbers –1, 0,
are 8 and 16, respectively. If 5 of the
observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, then the 1, k is 5 where k > 0, then k is equal to
product of the remaining two observation is 10
(a) 45 (b) 49 (a) 2 (b) 2 6
3
(c) 48 (d) 40
JEE Main 08.04.2019, Shift-I 5
(c) 4 (d) 6
Ans. (c) : Let, the remaining two observations are x 3
and y . JEE Main 09.04.2019, Shift-I
2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + x + y Ans. (b) : Given, observations are – 1, 0, 1 and k.
∴ =8 Also standard deviation of these four observations =
7
5
∴ 42 + x+ y = 7 × 8 = 56
∴ ( x + y ) = 14 ( −1) + ( 0 ) + (1) + k 2  −1 + 0 + 1 + k 
2 2 2 2
....(i)
Now, variance is 16 ∴ −  = 5
and Variance
4  4 

Statistics and Probability 1579 YCT

[∵ if x – (1) , x2 …..xn are n observation, then 2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + x + y
2
Ans. (d) x = =8
1 n 2 1 n  7
Standard deviation = ∑ x i −  n ∑ i=1 x i 
n i=1
x + y = 14 …..(i)
2
 
2 + k2 k2 ∑(x )  ∑ xi 
2
− = 5 [Squaring both sides] i
(σ) =
2
4 16 − 
8 + 4k 2 − k 2 8 + 3k 2 n  n 
=5= =5  
16 16  
8 + 3k2 = 80 = 3k2 = 72 4 + 16 + 100 + 144 + 196 + x 2 + y 2
16 = − 82
k2 = 24 = k = 2 6 or −2 6 7
k=2 6 [∵ k > 0] 460 + x 2 + y 2
16 + 64 =
n n 7
∑ (x − a ) = n and ∑ ( x i − a ) = na (n, a > 1)
2
202. If i 560 = 460+x2 +y2
i =1 i=1 x2 + y2 = 100 …..(ii)
then the standard deviation of n observations Clearly by (i) and (ii),
x1, x2, .... xn is Put y = 14 – x
(a) a–1 (b) n a − 1 x2 + (14 – x)2 = 100
(c) n ( a − 1) (d) a −1 x2 + x2 + 196 – 28 x = 100
2x2 – 28x + 96 = 0
JEE Main 06.09.2020, Shift-I x2 – 14x + 48 = 0
Ans.(d) : Given, x2 – 8x – 6x + 48 = 0
n n (x – 8) (x – 6) = 0
∑(x – a ) = n and ∑ ( x i – a ) = na
2
i ∴ x = 6, 8
i=1 i=1
∴ Standard deviation of n observations ∵ |x – y| = | 8 – 6| = 2
2
205. The mean and variance of 8 observations are
n
 n  2 10 and 13.5 respectively. If 6 of these
∑(x − a)  ∑ ( xi − a ) 
2
na  n 
S.D = i =1
i
−  i =1
 = −  = a −1 observations are 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, then the
n  n  n n absolute difference of the remaining two
  observations is
 
203. If the mean and the standard deviation of the (a) 9 (b) 3
data 3, 5, 7, a, b are 5 and 2 respectively, then a (c) 7 (d) 5
and b are the roots of the equation JEE Main 04.09.2020, Shift-I
(a) x2 – 10x + 18 = 0 (b) 2x2 – 20x + 19 = 0 Ans. (c) : Given,
2
(c) x – 10x + 19 = 0 (d) x2 – 20x + 18 = 0 8

JEE Main 05.09.2020, Shift-II ∑i =1

xi
Ans. (c) : Given, = 10
3, 5, 7 a, b, 8

∴ Mean =
3+5+ 7 + a + b
=5
∴ ∑ x i = 80 ..... (i)
5 Given, 6 observation as 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15 and
remaining two observations as x and y
∴ 15 + a + b+= 25
∴ a+ b = 10 ..... (i) 5 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + x + y
2
∴ = 10
Given var = ( S.D) = 4 8
∴ x + y = 80 – 63 = 17
∑ ( xi − x )
2

∴ 4= ∴ x + y = 17 ....(i)
5
∑ ( xi − x )
2
( 3 – 5)2 + (5–5)2 + (7 – 5)2 + (a – 5)2 + (b – 5)2 = 20 Also, variance =
4 + 0 + 4 + (a – 5)2 + (b – 5)2 = 20 n
∑ ( x i − 10 )
2 2 2
a + b – 10(a + b) + 50 = 12
(a + b)2 – 2ab – 100 + 50 = 12 13.5 =
8
Then ab = 19
2
Equation is x – 10x + 19 = 0 ∴ ∑ i( x 2
+ 100 − 20x i ) = 13.5 × 8 = 108
204. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 or ∑ x i + 100 × 8 − 20.∑ x i = 108
2

and 16, respectively. If five observations are 2,

or (25 + 49 + 100 +144+196 + 225 + x2 + y2 ) + 800
4, 10, 12, 14, then the absolute difference of the
remaining two observations is – 20× 80 = 108
(a) 1 (b) 3 x2 + y2 + 1539 – 1600 = 108
(c) 4 (d) 2 x2 + y2 – 169 = 0
JEE Main 05.09.2020, Shift-I But y = (17 – x)
Statistics and Probability 1580 YCT
 ∴ x2 + ( 17–x)2 – 169 = 0 10
Also, ∑ ( x i − P ) = 9
2
ro x2 + x2 – 34x + 120 = 0
i =1
x2 – 17x + 60 = 0
2
x – 12x – 5x + 60 = 0 or ∑ x i2 + ∑ P 2 − 2P ∑ x i = 9
x(x –12) –5(x –12) = 0 or ∑ x i2 + 10P 2 − 2P. ( 3 + 10P ) = 9
( x–12) ( x –5) = 0
or ∑ x i2 + 10P 2 − 2P. ( 3 + 10P ) = 9
∴ x = 5–12
y = 17 –5 = 12 or ∑ x i2 + 10P 2 − 6P − 20P 2 = 9
206. If the variance of the following frequency or ∑ x i2 = 10P 2 − 6P − 20p 2 = 9 ....(ii)
distribution :
∑ ( xi − x )
2
Class 10-20 20-30 30-40
Frequency 2 x 2 ∴ Variance (σ)2 =
10
is 50, then x is equal to ..... .
JEE Main 04.09.2020, Shift-II x = ∑ i = 3 + 10p = 0.3 + p
x
Ans (4) let the arranged mean be 25.5 10 10
∴ Variance σ2 =  ∑ ( x i2 ) + ∑ x 2 − 2x ∑ x i 
Class Mid - Frequency d=x-25.5 1
values 10
10–20 15 2 15-25.5=10.5 1  3 + 10p   3 + 10p 
= 10P + 6p + 9  + 10   − 2  10 . ( 3 + 10p ) 
2
20–30 25 x 25-25.6= –0.5
30– 40 35 2 35–25.5 = +9.5
10  10   
1 1
= 100p + 609 + 90 − 9 + 100p + 60p   = [81]
2 2

q2 f.d fd2 10 10
110.25 –21 220.5 9
∴ S.P =
0.25 –0.5x 0.25x 10
90.25 19 180.5 208. For the frequency distribution
∑ fd = ( −2 − 0.5x ) ∑ fd 2 = 401 + 0.25x variate (x) : x1 x2 x3.....x15
18

∑ fd 2  ∑ fd 
2
frequency (f): f1 f2 f3..... f15 and ∑f i >0
∴ Variance −
 n 
i =1
n   the standard deviation cannot be
2 (a) 4 (b) 1
401 + 0.25x  −2 − 0.5x  (c) 6 (d) 2
− 
4+x  4+x  JEE Main 03.09.2020, Shift-I
401 + 0.25x ( 2 + 0.5x ) Ans. (c) : σ 2 ≤ f14 ( M − m )
2 2

= − = 50
4+x (4 + x )
2
Where m and m are the upper and lower bonds of
2
values of any random variable
 x  x
( 4 + x i )  401 +  −  2 +  = 50 ( x + 4 ) 1
2
σ 2 ≤ (10 − 0 )
2

 4  2 4
Solving , we get x = 4 Where σ is s.d
∴ σ2 < 25 = –5 < σ < 5
207. Let x1 (1 ≤ I ≤ 10) be ten observations of a ∴ S.P. can not be 6
10
random variable X. If ∑ ( xi − p ) = 3 and 209. Let X = {x ∈ N : 1 ≤ x ≤ 17} and Y = {ax + b
i =1
:x∈N and a, b∈ R, a > 0}. If mean and variance
10 of elements of Y are 17 and 216 respectively,
∑ ( xi − p ) = 9p where 0 ≠ p ∈ R, then the
2
then a + b is equal to
i =1 (a) 9 (b) 7
standard deviation of these observation is (c) –7 (d) –27
9 3 7 4 JEE Main 02.09.2020, Shift-I
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans. (c) : Let, σ2 = variance
10 5 10 5 m = mean
JEE Main 03.09.2020, Shift-II
( x − m)
2
n
Ans. (a) : Given, ∴ σ2 = ∑ i
10 i=n n
∑ ( xi − P ) = 3
i =1
Given, m = 17
17
∑ x − 10P = 3
i ∑ ( ax i − b)
2

i =1
∴ ∑ x = 3 + 10P .... (i) = = 17
i 17
Statistics and Probability 1581 YCT
 = b + 9a = 17 ....(i) Ans. (4) : Given, x1 , x2 .... x18 be eighteen
σ2 = 216 Observation
18

∑ ( x − α ) = 36
17
= ∑ ( ( ax i + b ) − 17 )
2
i
i =1 i =1
= 216
17 ∑ x − 18α = 36
i

( xi − 9)
2 18
∴ ∑ x = 18α + 36
2
17 a
=∑ = 216 ( ∴ b – 17 = –9a) i .... (i)
17 i =1
i =1
18
a2 × 18 × 9a2 + a2 ×3 × 35 = 216 ∑(x − β ) = 90
2
i
216 i =1
a2 = =9
24 ∑ ( x ) + 18β − 2β∑ x = 90
2
i
2
i
a = 3a > 0
= from equation (i) b = – 10 ∴ ∑ x = 90 − 18β + 2β (18α + 36 )
2
i
2

∴ a + b = 3 – 10 = –7 2
= 90 – 18β + 36 β ( α +2) ..... (ii)
18
210. If the variance of 10 natural numbers 1, 1, 1,
...... 1, k is less than 10, then the maximum ∑x
i =1
i
18α + 36
possible value of k is ...... Here, mean = = α+2
18 18
JEE Main 24.02.2021, Shift-II
= ∑ ( xi − m )
2
9+k
Ans. (11) : Here, mean = = m ( Left ) variance
18
10
∑(x − m)
2
∑(x − m)
2
or 1 × 18 i
variance = < 10
i

10
∑x + m 2 × 18 − 2m.∑ x i
2
i
∴ ∑ ( x − m ) < 100 .... (i)
2
i = 90 – 18β2 + 36α β + 72β + (α + 2)2 ×18
– 2(α +2) ( 18(α + 2))
We have ∑ ( x − m ) = 9 + k
2 2
i = 90 – 18β 2 + 36αβ + 92β –18(α +2)2 = 18
and ∑ x = 9 + k i
5–β2 + 2α β + 4β –[α2 + 4 +4α] =1
α2 + 4β + 4 β2 – 2× β – 4β = 4
From equation (i) = (α – β)2 + 4( α – β +) = 0
∑ x i2 + m 2 ×10 − 2m.∑ x i < 100 ∴ ( α –β) ( α–β + 4 ) = 0
∴ |α –β | = 4
(9 + k )
2

9 + k 2 + 10 × < 100 212. Consider the statistics of two sets of

10 observations as follows
or 9 + 9k2 – 18k < 100 Size Mean Variance
or 9k2 – 18k – 991 < 0 Observation I 10 2 2
Solving 9k2 – 18k – 991 = 0 Observation II n 3 1
We get If the variance of the combined set of these two
17
(18 )
2
18 ± + 4 × 9 × 991 observations is , then the value of n is equal
k= 9
18 to ...... .
18 ± 36000 18 ± 60 10 JEE Main 16.03.2021, Shift-II
= = Ans. (5) : We have been given
18 18
n1 = 10, n2 = n , σ12 = 1, σ 22 = 1
18 ± 60 10 10 10 x1 = 2, x 2 = 3
= 1± = −9.54,11.56
18 3 17
∴ ( k + 9.54) (k – 11.54) < 0 and σ 2 =
9
= –9.54 < k < 11.54 We have the formula
∴ Max. Possible value of k = 11.0 n σ 2 + n 2 σ 22 n1 n 2
(x − x )
2
211. Let X1, X2, ......, X18 be eighteen observations, σ2 = 1 1 +
18 18
n1 + n 2 ( n1 + n 2 ) 2 1 2
such that ∑ ( X i − α ) = 36 and ∑ ( X i − β ) = 90
2
17 10 × 2 + n × 1 10n
2 (
. 2 − 3)
2
i =1 i =1 or = +
where α and β are distinct real numbers. If the
9 10 + n (10 + n )
standard deviation of these observations is 1, 17 ( 20 + n )(10 + n ) + 10n
then the value of |α – β | is ______ =
(10 + n )
2
9
JEE Main 26.02.2021, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1582 YCT
 17n2 + 340n + 1700 = 9[200 + n2 + 30n ] + 90n
∑(x − 0) ∑x
2 2
= 8n2 – 20n – 100 = 0 ∴ (20)2 =
i
=
i

or 4(2n2 – 5n –25) = 0 2n 2n
−5 or 800n = ∑ x i2 = 2n.a 2
∴ n = 5,
2 a2 = 400 and from .....(ii)
But n is +ve b2 = 25
∴n=5 ∴ a2 + b2 = 400 + 25 = 425
213. Consider three observations a, b and c, such 215. If the mean and variance of six observation 7,
that b = a + c. If the standard deviation of a + 20
2, b + 2, c + 2 is d, then which of the following is 10, 11, 15, a, b are 10 and , respectively,
3
true?
then the value of |a – b| is equal to
(a) b2 = 3(a2 + c2) + 9d2
(a) 9 (b) 11
(b) b2 = a2 + c2 + 3d2
(c) 7 (d) 1
(c) b2 = 3(a2 + c2 + d2)
JEE Main 20.07.2021, Shift-II
(d) b2 = 3(a2 + c2) – 9d2
JEE Main 16.03.2021, Shift-I Ans. (d) : Given, mean of the observations 7, 10, 11,
15, a, b is 10
Ans. (d) : Given three observations a, b, and c.
b=a+c 7 + 10 + 11 + 15 + a + b
∴ 10 =
Now, data is a+ 2, b + 2, c + 2 6
S. D (standard deviation) does not change if same or 60 = 43 + a + b + = a + b = 17
number is order or subtract from the observations 20
a+b+c Again variance =
∴ mean, m = b 3
3
∑(x − x)
2
20
∴ b =a+c=m=
2b ∴ =
i

3 3 6
20
× 6 = ( 7 − 10 ) (10 − 10 ) + (11 − 10 ) + (15 − 10 ) + ( a − 10 ) + ( b − 10 )
2 2 2 2 2 2

∴ Variance , d 2 = ∑
( xi − m )
2
3
40 = 9 + 0 + 1 + 25 + ( a − 10 ) + ( b − 10 )
2 2
3
3d ∑ ( x i − N ) 5 = ( a − 10 ) + (17 − a − 10 )
2 2 2

∑x 2
i + 3n − 2n ∑ x i
2
5 = ( a − 10 ) + ( 7 − a )
2 2

2
 2b  2b 5 = a 2 + 100 − 20a + a 2 + 49 − 14a
= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 3.   − 2. .2b (∴ a + c = b )
 3 3 or 2a2 – 34a + 144 = 0
2 a2 – 17a + 72 = 0
 2b  a2 – 9a – a +72 = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 3 ×   − 8b 2
 3  or (a – 8) ( a –9) = 0
∴ b = 17–a = 17 – 8 = 9
∴ 9d 2 = 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) + ( 2b )2 − 8b 2
∴ |a –b| = |8–9| = 1
9d2 = 3a2 + 3c2 + 3b2 – 4b2 216. The mean of 6 distinct observations is 6.5 and
9d2 = 3(a2 +c2 ) –b2 their variance is 10.25. If 4 out of 6
b2 = 3(a2 + c2) – 9d2 observations are 2, 4, 5 and 7, then the
214. Let in a series of 2n observations, half of them remaining two observations are
are equal to a and remaining half are equal to – (a) 10, 11 (b) 3, 18
a. Also, by adding a constant b in each of these (c) 8, 13 (d) 1, 20
observations, the mean and standard deviation JEE Main 20.07.2021, Shift-I
of new set becomes 5 and 20, respectively. Ans. (a) : Let the remaining two observations are x and y
Then, the value of a2 + b2 is equal to
(a) 425 (b) 650 (c) 250 (d) 925 2+ 4+5+7+ x + y
= 6.5
JEE Main 18.03.2021, Shift-II 6
Ans. (a) : Mean of the old data or 18 + x + y = 39.0
or x +y = 39 – 18 = 21
na − na
x= = 0 1 mean of the new data when b is Now, variance 10.25
2n
∑ ( xi − x )
2
added to each observation is 5
∴ 10.25 =
n ( a + b ) + −na + nb 2nb 6
∴ 5= = =b 2
2n 2n 10.25×6= (2–6.5) + ( 4 – 6.5)2 + ( 5 – 6.5)2 ( 7–6.5)2 +
∴b=5 ....(i) ( x – 6.5 )2 +(x –6.5)2 + ( y – 6.5)2
2 2
Now, variance does not change if a number is asses or or 61.5 = 20.25+6.25+2.25+0.25+(x–6.5) + ( y – 6.5)
2 2
subtracted from each data now, variance of new data = 61.5 = 29 + (x –6.5) + ( y – 6.5)
(20)2 32.5 = ( x – 6.5)2 + ( 21 – x – 6.5 ) 2
Statistics and Probability 1583 YCT
 ( 2x − 13) ( 29 − 2x )
2 2
Ans. (d) : Given ,
= ( x – 6.5)2 + ( 14.5 –x)2 = + 6, 10, 7, 13, a , 12, b , 12
4 4
or 32.5 × 4 = ( 2x– 13)2 + ( 2x–29)2 6 + 10 + 7 + 13 + a + 12 + b + 12
Now, mean 9 =
= 4x2 + 196 – 52 x + 4x2 + 841 –116 x 8
130.0 = 8x2 – 168 x + 1010 ∴ 9 × 8 = 60 + a + b +
or 8x2 –168x + 880 = 0 ∴ a + b = 12 ....(i)
or x2 – 11x – 10x + 110 = 0
37 ∑ ( x i − x )
2
x( x –11) –10(x–11) = 0
(x –10)(x–11) = 0 Now, variance = =
4 8
∴ x = 10, 11 37
∴ 4 × 8 = ( 6 − 9 ) + (10 − 9 ) + ( 7 − 9 ) + (13 − 9 )
2 2 2 2
∴ y = 21 – 10 = 11
Hence, the remaining two observations are 10 and 11
+ ( a − 9 ) + (12 − 9 ) + ( b − 9 ) + (12 − 9 )
2 2 2 2

217. The first of the two samples in a group has 100

items with mean 15 and standard deviation 3. 74 = 9 + 16 + 4 + 1 + (12 − a − 9 ) +(a – 9) + 9 + 9
2 2

If the whole group has 250 items with mean 74 – 48 = (a –9) + ( 12–a – 9) 2 2
2 2
15.6 and standard deviation 13.44 , then the or 26 = (a –9) +(a –3)
2 2
standard deviation of the second sample is a + 81 – 18a + a + 9 – 6a
(a) 8 (b) 6 26 = 2a2 – 24 a + 90
(c) 4 (d) 5 2a2 – 24a + 64 = 0
2
JEE Main 25.07.2021, Shift-II a – 8a – 4a + 32 = 0
Ans. (c) : Given, n1 = 100 , n2 = 150 a(a – 8) – (a – 8) = 0
We know, (a – 4) ( a –8) = 0 a = 4, 8
n x + n2x2 ∴ b = 12–a 12 – 4 = 8
x= 1 1 where x is ∴ (a – b)2 = ( 4–8)2 = 16
n1 + n 2 ∴ (a – b)2 = (4 – 8)2 = 16
the combined mean 219. The mean and standard deviation of 20
∴ 250 × 15.6 = 100 × 15 + 150 × x2 observations were calculated as 10 and 2.5
250 ×15.6 − 100 × 15 respectively. It was found that by mistake one
x2 = = 16
150 data value was taken as 25 instead of 35. If α
Now, S.P. of whole group σ = 13.44 and β are the mean and standard deviation
∴ Variance σ = 13.44 2 respectively for correct data, then (α,β ) is
(a) (11, 26) (b) (10.5, 25)
13.44 =
∑ x 2

− (x)
2 (c) (11, 25) (d) (10.5, 26)
n JEE Main 26.08.2021, Shift-I

13.44 =
∑ x 2 − (15.6 )2 Ans. (d) : Given,
20
250
∑ xi
∑ x = 64200
2
i =1
= 10
for first sample of a group 20
S.P = σ = 3 20

∴ Variance σ = 3 2 ∴ ∑i =1
x i = 200

9=
∑ x1 − ( x )2 = ∑ x1 − (15)2
2 2
19
Now, ∑ x i + 25 = 200
1
n1 100 i =1

∑ x1 = 23400
2 19
∴ ∑ x i = 175
∑ x 22 = ∑ x 2 − Σx12 = 64200 − 23400 = 40800 i =1

For second sample of a group Mean of the new data

19

σ =
2 ∑ x 22
− x2 =
2 40800
− 16 2 ∑ x i + 35
i =1
n2 150 =α
σ=4 25
175 + 35
218. If the mean and variance of the following data: =α
6, 10, 7, 13, a, 12, b, 12 20
37 210
are 9 and respectively, then (a – b)2 is equal or α = = 10.5
4 20
to Now, variance of new data = (S.P)2 = β
∑ ( xi − α )
2
(a) 24 (b) 12
(c) 32 (d) 16
JEE Main 27.07.2021, Shift-I 20
Statistics and Probability 1584 YCT
 ∴ 20β = ∑ x i2 + ∑ α 2 − 2α∑ x i .....(ii) 1 2  1  460 × 5 − ( 42 ) 
2

=  460 − ( 42 )  =  
Variance of old data = (2.5)2 = 6.25 5 5  5  5 
∑(x − 10 )
2
1 536
i = [ 2300 − 1764] =
= 25 25
20 221. In a moderately asymmetrical distribution, the
mean and median are 36 and 34 respectively,
∴ 6.25 × 20 = ∑x 2
i + 100 × 20 − 20∑ x i find out the value of empirical mode?
(a) 30 (b) 32
or 125 = ∑ x i2 + 2000 − 20 × 200 (c) 42 (d) 22
J&K CET-2014
∴ ∑x 2
i = 2000 + 125 = 2125
Ans. (a) : For asymmetrical distribution , empirical
∑x 2
i for new data = 2125 + 352 – 252 = 2725 mode = 3× median – 2 × mean
= 3 × 34 – 2 × 36
∑x i for new data = 200 +35– 25 = 110 = 102 – 72 = 30
212 21 222. The mean and variance of a random variable X
∴ 20β = 2725 + 20 × − 2 × × 210 = 520 having a binomial distribution are 4 and 2
4 2
respectively, find the value of P (X = 1).
∴ α = 10.5
1 1
β = 26 (a) (b)
4 16
220. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8
and 16 respectively. If two observations are 6 1 1
(c) (d)
and 8, then the variance of the remaining 5 8 32
observations is J&K CET-2014
92 134 536 112 Ans. (d) : Given,
(a) (b) (c) (d) mean = np = 4
5 5 25 5 variance = npq = 2
JEE Main 31.08.2021, Shift-II ∴ q = 1/2
Ans. (c) : Given, 1 1
7 p = 1− q = 1− =
∑x i
2 2
x x−x
mean = i =1
=8 1 1
7 Now, P ( x = x ) =n C x   .  
7
2 2
∴ ∑x i =1
i = 56 1
Here, n × = 4
2
∑(x − x) n =8
2

and var = 16 =
i
x=1
7 x x−x
1 1
∴ 16× 7 = ∑(x − 8)
2
i ∴ P( x = 1) = 8C1    
2 2
= ∑ x i2 + 64 × −16.∑ x i 1 7
8 1 1
∴ ∑x 2
i = 16 × 7 + 16 × 56 − 64 × 7 C1 .   .  
2 2
= 112 + 896 − 448 = 560 1 1 1
5 5
8× 8 = 5 =
2 2 32
∑x
i =1
i + 6 + 8 = 56 ∴ ∑ x i = 56 − 14
i =1 223. The standard deviation of 15 items is 6 and if
5 each item is decreased by 1, then standard
∑x i =1
2
i + 62 + 82 = 560 deviation will be
(a) 5 (b) 7
5
(d) p = ρhg
∴ ∑x i =1
2
i = 460 (c) 6
Jamia Millia Islamia-2015
∴ Therefore, variance of remaining five observations Ans. (c) : If the same number is added or subtracted
from each data than standard deviation does not change
∑(x − x)
2
∴ Standard deviations is 6
1 5
i 5

=  ∑ x i2 + 5x 2 − 2x.∑ x i  224. The variance of the following data is
5 5  i =1 i =1  xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
 2
 0
1  42  42
 460 + 5 ×   − 2 × × 42  fi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
5   
5 5  0

Statistics and Probability 1585 YCT

 (a) 10 (b) 9
1  7 7

(c) 8 (d) 6 = .  ∑ x i2 + 7x 2 − 2x.∑ x1 
AP EAMCET-23.04.2019, Shift-I 7  i =1 i =1 
1 83 × 83 83 
= 1364 + 7 × 2 × .83
∑f x i i 7 7×7 7 
Ans. (d) : x =
1 ( 83) 
2

∑f i 1364 −
7  7 

1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 385
= = =7 1 [1364 × 7 − 6889] 2659 2659
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 10 55 = =
7 7 7×7 49
∑f i = 55 226. What is the formula for finding coefficient of
variation, given σ = standard deviation and x
∑f (x − x) = mean ≠ 0?
2
i i
∴ var σ2 = (a)
x
× 100 (b)
x
∑f i
σ
σ
σ
σ
=
1(1-7)2 + 2(2-7)2 + 3( 3-7)2 + 4( 4- 7)2 + 5(5-7)2 + 6(6-7)2 + 7(7-7)2 + 8(8-7)2 + 9(9-7)2 + 1.0( 10-7)2 / 55 (c) (d) × 100
55
x x
36 + 50 + 48 + 36 + 20 + 6 + 0 + 8 + 36 + 90 AP EAMCET-21.09.2020, Shift-I
55 Ans. (d) : Formulae for finding coefficient of variation
330 30 S.D σ
= = =6 = × 100 = × 100
55 5 mean x
225. The mean of 5 observations is 15 and variance 227. The mean and standard deviation of 15
is 9. If two observations having values – 5 and observations are found to be 8 and 3
13 are combined with these observations, then respectively. On rechecking it was found that,
what will be the new variance? in the observations, 20 was misread as 5. Then,
6259 6259 the correct variance is equal to ______.
(a) (b) JEE Main-28.06.2022, Shift-I
7 49
2659 2659 Ans. (17) : We have,
(c) (d) 2
7 49 15
 15 
AP EAMCET-21.09.2020, Shift-I ∑ x 2r ∑ xr 
Ans. (d) : Given, Variance = r =1 −  r =1 
15  15 
5
 
∑5 5  
i =1
= 15 = ∑ x i = 75 Now, as per information given in equation
5 i =1 ∑ X2r − 82 = 32 ⇒ x 2 = log 5
∑(x − 15 )
2
15
∑ r
Variance = 9 =
i

5 Now, the new ∑ x 2r = log 5 − 52 + 20 2 = 1470

= ∑ x i2 + 225 × 5 − 30∑ x i = 45
And, new ∑x r = (15 × 8) − 5 + (20) = 135
2
1470  135 
5 −  = 98 − 81 = 17 ∴ Variance =
= ∑ x i = 45 + 30 × ∑ x i − 225 × 5
2
15  15 
i =1 228. The mean deviation from the mean for the set
= 45 + 30 × 75 − 225 × 5 of observations –1, 0, 4 is
45 + 2250 − 1125 = 45 + 1125 = 1170 (a) less than 3 (b) less than 1
Now, two observations haring values –5 and 13 are (c) greater then 2.5 (d) greater than 4.9
combined with these observations Manipal UGET-2016
7 5 Ans. (a) : Mean
= ∑ x i = ∑ x i + 13 − 5 = 75 − 5 + 13 = 83
−1 + 0 + 4
7
i =1
5
i =1 x =
3
()
∑ x i2 = ∑ x i2 + 169 + 25 1
i =1 i =1 ∴ Mean deviation =  –1 – 1 + 0 – 1 + 4 – 1  = 2
= 1170 + 194 = 1364 ..... (ii) 3
7 Hence, option (a) is correct.
∑ ( xi − x )
2
229. Let the mean of 6 observation 1, 2, 4, 5, x and y
i =1
∴ New variance = be 5 and their variance be 10. Then their mean
7 deviation about the mean is equal to
Statistics and Probability 1586 YCT
 10 7 λ1 .e−λ λ 2 .e −λ
(a)
3
(b)
3 Ans. (b) : P ( x = 1) =
11
= α =
2!
( P ( x = 2 ))
8 = 2λ.e −λ = λ 2 .e −λ
(c) 3 (d)
3 λ=2
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-II α α
Ans. (d) : Given, ∴ e–λ = =
λ 2
1+ 2 + 4 + 5 + x + y
=5 α
24 ×
6 λ4 × e λ
∴ 12 + x + y = 30 P ( x = 4) = = 2
4! 4 × 3× 2
∴ x + y = 18 ....(i)
8λ α
=
∑ i ( )
2
x − x 8×3 3
Variance = 10 = 232. The standard deviation of the numbers 22, 26,
6 28, 20, 24, 30
∴ ∑ ( x i − 5 ) = 60
2 (a) 2 (b) 2.4
(c) 3.24 (d) 3.42
or ∑ x i2 + 25 × 6 − 10∑ x i = 60 AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-II
1 + 4 + 16 + 25 + x2 + y2 + 150 – 10( 12 + x +y) = 60 Ans. (d) : Given,
x2 + y2 –10x –10y –120 + 196 –60= 0 22, 26, 28, 20, 24, 30
or x2 + y2 –10x –10y +16 = 0 22 + 26 + 28 + 20 + 24 + 30
Put y = 18 – x ∴ mean ( x ) = = 25
6
x2 + ( 18–x)2 – 10x – 10(18–x) + 16 = 0
∑ ( xi − x )
2
or x2 + x2 + 182 – 36x – 10x – 180 + 10x + 16 = 0
2
or 2x – 36x + 160 = 0
∴ Variance =
6
or x2 – 10x – 8x + 80 = 0 1
= .  ( 22 − 25) + ( 26 − 25 ) + ( 28 − 25) ( 20 − 25) + ( 24 − 25 ) + ( 30 − 25 ) 
2 2 2 2 2 2

x(x –10) –8(x –10) = 0 6  

(x –8) ( x –10) = 0 1 70
∴ x = 8, 10 = .[9 + 1 + 9 + 25 + 1 + 25] =
6 6
y = 10, 8
70
∴ Mean deviation =
∑ xi − 5 ∴ Standard deviation (S.P ) =
6
= 11.66 = 3.42
6 233. The mean deviation from the median for the
1− 5 + 2 − 5 + 4 − 5 + 5 − 5 + x − 5 + y − 5 following data is
=
6 x 10 11 12 13
4 + 3 + 1 + 0 + (8 − 5) + (10 − 5) 8 + 3 + 5 16 8 f 6 12 18 12
= = = = (a) 0.75 (b) 7.5
6 6 6 3 (c) 0.65 (d) 0.40
230. If the mean and standard devation of a AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-II
binomial distribution are 20 and 4 respectively, Ans. (a) Hence, n = 48 which is even
then the number of trials is. N
(a) 25 (b) 50 ∴ = 24
(c) 200 (d) 100 2
∴ Median is 24 the observation = 12
AP EAMCET-23.09.2020, Shift-I Now,
Ans. (d) : Given, mean = np = 20 xi fi f |xi – m| fi|(xi–m|
and variance = 42 = 16 npq 10 6 6 2 12
16 4 11 12 18 1 12
∴ q= =
20 5 12 18 36 0 0
4 1 13 12 48 1 12
∴ p = 1− q = 1− =
5 5 ∑ fi | Xi − m | = 36
∴ n × = 20
1
∴ MD =
∑ fi x i − m = 36 = 3 = 0.75
5
n 48 4
∴ n = 100
∴ Number of trials = 100 234. If X is a Poisson random variate with mean 3,
then P (|X –3| < 2)
231. If X is a poisson variate such that α = P(X = 1)
= P(X = 2), then P(X = 4) is equal to 9 99
(a) 3
(b) 3
α 2e 8e
(a) 2α (b) 3 1
3 (c) 3
(d) 3
(c) αe –2
(d) αe 2 2e 3e
AP EAMCET-2012 AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1587 YCT
Ans. (b) : Given, mean, λ = 3 ∴ n = 12
Find P(|X – 3| < 2) We have to find
P(X – 3 > 2) and p(–X + 3 < 2) P(x = 0) + P(x = 1)
P(x < 5) and p(–x < –1) or p(x > 1) x n−x
1 1
Then, P (1 < x < 5) P(x = 0) = n C x   .  
Then passion distribution, 2 2
–λ x 0 12
e λ –3 2 –3
e (3) e (3) e (3) 3 –3 4
1  1
= = + + 12
C0    
x! 2! 3! 4! 2  2
–3  9 9 27  –3  18 27  1 11
= e  + + = e  +   1 1
2 2 8  2 8
P ( X = n ) = 12
C 1 .
  
 2 2
 72 + 27  99 1 11
= e –3 
∴ 12 C0   .  
= 3 1 1
 8  8e
2 2
235. The standard deviation of first 10 multiples of 4
1 12
P ( x = 17 ) C0 . 12 = 12
12
is
(a) 7 (b) 8 2 2
(c) 11.5 (d) 14 ∴ Required Probability
AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-II = P(X = 0) + P ( x = 1)
Ans. (c) : First 10 multiplies of 4 are 1 12 13 13
4, 8, 12, 16 ………36, 40 = 12 + 12 = 12 =
2 2 2 4096
n 10
Sn = (a + l ) = (4 + 40) = 220 237. If the coefficient of variation and variance of a
2 2 frequency distribution are 7.2 and 3.24
totalsum 220 respectively, then its mean is
Mean = = = 22 (a) 45 (b) 25
n 10
D1 = 4 – 22 = –18 (c) 20 (d) 16
D2 = 8 – 22 = –14 TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-I
D3 = 12 – 22 = –10 Ans. (b) : Coefficient of variance
D4 = 16 – 22 = –6 S.D.
D5 = 20 – 22 = –2 = ×100
mean
D6 = 24 – 22 = 2
(S.D ) = variance
2
D7 = 28 – 22 = 6
D10 = 40 – 22 = 18
∴ S.P = (S.D ) = variance
2

S.D = (σ) 2 = ∑ (D 2 ) / n
∴ S.P = variance
 (–18) 2 + (–14) 2 + (–10) 2 + ......(14) 2 + (10) 2 
= variance 3.24
10 ∴ C.V. = × 100 = × 100 = 25
mean 7.2
115
⇒ = 11.5 238. The mean deviation from the mean of the
10 discrete data, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 78 is
236. The mean and variance of a random variable X (a) 22 (b) 24
having a binomial distribution are 6 and 3 176 182
respectively. The probability of variable X less (c) (d)
than 2 is _____. 9 9
13 15 TS EAMCET-18.07.2022, Shift-II
(a) (b) Ans. (c) : Mean of the data
4096 4096
13 25 1 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 18 + 29 + 47 + 78 198
(c) (d) = = = 22
2048 2048 9 9
GUJCET-2019 ∴ Mean deviation from the mean
Ans. (a) : Mean , np = 6
Variance, npq = 3 =
∑ xi − x
3 1 9
∴ q= = 1
=  1 − 22 + 3 − 22 + 4 − 22 + 7 − 22 + 11 − 22 + 18 − 22 + 29 − 22 + 47 − 22 + 78 − 22 
6 2 9
1 176
=
∴ p= 9
2
x n−x 239. The approximate value of the mean deviation
1 1
P ( x = x ) =n C x     about the mean for the following data is
2 2 Class 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
1 Interval
Here, n × = 6
2 Frequency 1 2 3 2 1
Statistics and Probability 1588 YCT
 (a) 3.56 (b) 4.61 Here, we have given that the no. of experience is n = 5
(c) 2.19 (d) 1.78 The success probability p is the probability of getting an
TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-II odd no,
Ans. (d) Given the data, 3
Class mid point frequency fi xi So, the probability of getting an odd number ( p ) =
6
(x) 1
0 –2 1 1 1 ⇒ The probability of getting an odd number ( p ) =
2–4 3 2 6 2
The failure probability q is given by,
4–6 5 3 15 q=1–p
6–8 7 2 14
1
8 – 10 9 1 9 q = 1−
2
∑i f = 9 ∑i i
f x = 45
 1  1 
45 Variance ( σ2 ) = ( 5)   
∴ mean, x = =5  2  2 
9 5
∴ Mean deviation about the mean σ2 =
4
∑ fi ( x i − x ) 242. If S1 and S2 are the variances of the first 2k and
∑f i
k (k > 1) natural numbers respectively, then
(S1/S2) lies in the interval
1 (1 − 5) + 2 3 − 5 + 3 5 − 5 + 2 7 − 5 + 1 9 − 5 (a) [4, ∞) (b) (1, 4]
9 (c) (4, 5] (d) [7, ∞)
4 + 4 + 0 + 4 + 4 16 TS EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-II
= = = 1.78
9 9 Ans. (b) : The variance of first 2k natural numbers
2k ( 2k + 1)( 4k + 1)  2k ( 2k + 1) 
240. The variance of the data 2, 3, 5, 11, 13, 17, 19 is 2

nearly S1 = − 
(a) 6.258 (b) 24.25 6 × 2k  2 × 2k 
(c) 4.95 (d) 39.71  4k + 1 2k + 1 
= ( 2k + 1)  −
4 
TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-II
Ans. (d) : Given the data  6
2, 3, 5, 11, 13, 17, 19 2k + 1 4k 2 − 1
= [8k + 2 − 6k − 3] =
2 + 3 + 5 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 12 12
∴ Its mean = and variance of first natural numbers
7
k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1)  k ( k + 1) 
2
70
= 10 S2 = − 
7 6× k  2× k 
∑ ( xi − x )
2
 2k + 1 k + 1 
∴ Variance, σ2 = = ( k + 1)  −
N  6 4 
1
= ( 2 − 10 ) + ( 3 − 10 ) + ( 5 − 10 ) + (11 − 10 ) + (13 − 10 ) + (17 − 10 ) + (19 − 10 ) 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
k +1 k2 −1
7  = [ 4k + 2 − 3k − 3] =
1 278 12 12
= [ 64 + 49 + 25 + 1 + 9 + 49 + 81] = = 39.71 S 4k 2
− 1 3
7 7 ∴ 1
= 2 = 4+ 2 ( k > 1)
241. A die is rolled 5 times. Getting and odd number S2 k −1 k −1
in one trail is considered as a success. The S1
variance of the distribution of successes is ∴ = (1, 4 )
S2
8 3
(a) (b) 243. The variance of the following frequency
3 8 distribution is
4 5 Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
(c) (d)
5 4 Frequency 11 29 18 4 5 3
TS EAMCET-05.08.2021, Shift-II (a) 165.3 (b) 161.1
Ans.. (d): Step 1- Determines the type of distribution. (c) 282.1 (d) 152.5
In the given distribution. TS EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-I
The no. of success are in a sequence of n independent Ans. (b) : Given, frequency distribution
experience each asking yes-no Class Mid value (x1) fi fixi fi x i2
Therefore, the given distribution is bionomial
distribution. 0-10 5 11 55 275
As, we know that, 10-20 15 29 435 6525
σ 2 = npq 20-30 25 18 450 11250
Step 2- Find the variance of given distribution. 30-40 35 4 140 4900

Statistics and Probability 1589 YCT

 40-50 45 5 225 10125 Σx12 = ( 26.01 + 1600 ) × 100 = 2601 + 1600 ×100
50-60 55 3 165 9075
The correct value of Σx12 =2601+160000- ( 50 ) + ( 40 )
2 2

∴ N = ∑ fi = 70
= 2601 + 160000 − 2500 + 1600 = 161701
2
1 1  247. If α, β are respectively the mean devication
∴ variance ( σ ) = × ∑ f i x i −  ∑ fi .x i 
2 2

N N  about the mean and variance of the first five

2 prime numbers, then the ordered pair (α, β )
1 1  4215
= ( 42150 ) −  (1470 )  = − 441 (a) (2.27, 10.42) (b) (2.27, 10.24)
70  70  7 (c) (2.72, 10.24) (d) (2.72, 10.42)
4215 − 3087 1128 TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-II
= = = 161.1 Ans. (c) : Mean of first five prime numbers
7 7
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 28
244. The mean deviation from the mean for the = = = 5.6
observations 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 is 5 5
4 ∴ Mean deviation about mean
(a) 6 (b) 11 2 − 5.6 + 3 − 5.6 + 5 − 5.6 + 7 − 5.6 + 11 − 5.6
9 =
2 5
(c) 11 (d) 6
9 3.6 + 2.6 + 0.6 + 1.4 + 5.4 13.6
= = = 2.72
TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-I 5 5
Ans. (d) :
∑ xi2 −  ∑ xi 
2

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 99 Variance =
Mean ( x ) = = = 11 n  n 
9 9  
xi − x 4 + 9 + 25 + 49 + 121
− ( 5.6 )
2
∴ Mean deviation from mean = =
N 5
= 41.6 − 31.36 = 10.24
10 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 0 + 2 + 6 + 8 + 12 56 2
= = =6 248. Consider the following distribution
9 9 9 xi : 2 4 6 8 10
245. The coefficient of variation of the first 5 prime f1 : 1 2 3 2 1
numbers is The sum of the mean deviation from the mean
400 406 and the mean deviation from the median of this
(a) (b) distribution is
7 7
416 425 16
(c) (d) (a) 6 (b)
7 8 9
TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I 32
Ans. (a) : First prime number is 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 (c) 54 (d)
9
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 28 TS EAMCET-07.05.2018, Shift-I
x= =
5 5 Ans. (d) : Given, the distribution
Σx i2 = 4 + 9 + 25 + 49 + 121 = 208 xi = 2 , 4 , 6, 8, 10
fi = 1, 2, 3, 2, 1
Σx i
2
− (x) ∑ x ifi
2
σ=
5 ∴ Mean x =
2 ∑ fi
208  28  1040 − 784 16 2(1) + 4 × 2 + 6 × 3 + 3 × 2 + 10 54
n= −  = = = = =6
5  5  25 5 1+ 2 + 3 + 2 +1 9
σ 16 400 ∴ Mean decoration form the mean
C.V. = × 100 = × 100 =
x 28
246. The mean and standard deviation of 100
7 ∑ fi | x i – x |
observations x1, x2, ..., x100 were calculated as 40 ∑ fi
and 5.1 respectively by a student who took by 1(4) + 2(2) + 3(0) + 2(2) + 1(4) 16
mistake 50 instead of 40 for one observation. = =
9 9
100
Then the correct value of ∑ xi2 =  n + 1 
th
 9 + 1 
th

 term = 
th
i=1 Now, Median =   term = 5
(a) 3990 (b) 161701  2   2 
(c) 162601 (d) 4000 term = 6
TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I ∴ Mean and median are same.
Ans. (b) : Given, x = 40, σ = 5.1, n = 100 ∴ Mean Deviation from median.
Σx i2 Σx12 16 16 32
− ( x ) ⇒ ( 5.1) = − ( 40 ) ∴ Sum = + =
2 2 2
σ =2

100 100 9 9 9
Statistics and Probability 1590 YCT
249. Let σ1, σ2 be the standard deviations of two 3a + 2b = 0.7
distributions D1 and D2 respectively and D1 be 3a = 0.7 – 0.4
more consistent than D2. If the means of D1 and a = 0.1
D2 are same, then the percentage increase in ∴ a = 0.1 ,b = 0.2
the standard deviation of D2 over the standard 252. The probability distribution of a random
deviation of D1 is variable X is given below
σ1 – σ 2 σ1 – σ 2 X=k 0 1 2 3 4
(a) ×100 (b) ×100
σ2 σ1 p(X = k) 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0
The variance of X is
σ – σ1 σ – σ1 (a) 1.6 (b) 0.24
(c) 2 ×100 (d) 2 ×100
σ2 σ1 (c) 0.84 (d) 0.75
TS EAMCET-07.05.2018, Shift-I TS EAMCET-2017
Ans. (d) : Mean of D1 and D2 are same. Ans. (c) . Given the probability distribution
∴ % increase is S.D of D2 over D1
X=k 0 1 2 3 4
S.D. of D 2 – S.D. of D1 σ − σ1
= × 100 = 2 × 100 P ( x = k) 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0
S.D. of D1 σ1
We have E(x) = ∑ x i pi
250. The mean deviation from the median of the
= 0 + 0.4 + 0.6 +0.6 + 0 = 1.6
data 16, 22, 3, 14, 5, 10, 8, 11, 4, is
(a) 5 (b) 5.7 E[x 2
] = ∑ x i2 .pi
(c) 4.7 (d) 4 0 + 1 × 0.4 + 4× 0.3+9× 0.2 + 0 = 0.4+1.2+1.8 = 3.4
TS EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-I ∴ Variance = E [x2] – E(x)2 = 3.4 – ( 1.6)2 = 0.84
Ans. (c) : Data is in ascending order 253. The mean deviation from the mean 10 of the
3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 22 data 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, α, 12, 16 is
There are total nine data which is odd number (a) 3.5 (b) 3.25
n +1 (c) 3 (d) 3.75
∴ We will consider data as median TS EAMCET-2017
2 Ans. (a) : Given,
n +1 9 +1 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, α, 12, 16,
∴ = = 5th
2 2 6 + 7 + 11 + 12 + 13 + α + 12 + 16
So, Median is 10. ∴ mean =
8
Mean deviation =
∑ x1 − 10 ∴ α + 77 = 80 (mean = 10)
9 ∴α=3
∑ x i − 10
1
= .  3 − 10 + 4 − 10 + 5 − 10 + 8 − 10 + 10 − 10 + 11 − 10 + 14 − 10 + 16 − 10 + 22 − 10 
9
1 ∴ mean deviation =
= . [ 7 + 6 + 5 + 2 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 6 + 12 ] = 4.7 8
9
251. The probability distribution of a random 1
variable X is given below = [ 6 − 10 + 7 − 10 + 11 − 10 + 12 − 10 + 13 − 10 + 3 − 10 +
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 8
P(X = x) a ea a b b 0.3 12 − 10 + 16 − 10 ]
If mean of X is 4.2, then a and b are 1 28 7
respectively equal to = [ 4 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 7 + 2 + 6] = = = 3.5
8 8 2
(a) 0.3, 0.2 (b) 0.1, 0.4
(c) 0.1, 0.2 (d) 0.2, 0.1 254. For the following frequency distribution, the
TS EAMCET-2017 variance is approximately equal to
Ans. (c) : From the probability distribution Class Interval 0–5 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25
We have ∑ Pi = 1 Frequency 4 1 10 3 2
3a+ 2b+ 0.3= 1 (a) 33.1 (b) 30.55
3a+ 2b = 0.7 …(i) (c) 34.75 (d) 37.50
2a + 3b = 0.8 ....(ii) TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-I
Solving equation (i) and (ii), Ans. (c) :
3a + 2b = 0.7 Cl fi xi fixi x 2i fi x i2
6a + 4b = 1.4 0–5 4 2.5 10 6.25 25
6a + 9b = 2.4 5–10 1 7.5 7.5 56.25 56.25
– 5b = – 1 10–15 10 12.5 125 156.25 1562.5
1 15–20 3 17.5 52.5 306.25 918.75
∴ b = = 0.2
5 20–25 2 22.5 45 506.25 1012.50
b = 0.2 Total 20 240 3575
Statistics and Probability 1591 YCT
 2 257. The sum and product of the mean and variance
1 1 
Now, variance (x) =
N
∑ fi x i2 −  N ∑ fi x i  of a binomial distribution are 82.5 and 1350
respectively. They the number of trials in the
2
1  1  binomial distribution is:
= × 3575 −  × 240  = 178.75 − 144 = 34.75 JEE Main-29.07.2022, Shift-II
20  20 
Ans. (96) : Let, mean = m = np
255. Let the mean and variance of 12 observations
& variance = v = npq
9
be and 4 respectively. Later on, it was p+q=1
2
observed that two observation were considered 165
Sum = m + v =
as 9 and 10 instead of 7 and 14 respectively. If 2
m Product = mv = 1350
the correct variance is , where m and n are On solving
n
co-prime, then m + n are co-prime, then m + n 45
is equal to m = np = 60 & v = npq =
2
(a) 316 (b) 314
3 5
(c) 317 (d) 315 ∴ q = ,p =
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-II 8 8
Ans. (c) : So, n = 96
Σx 9 258. Let the mean and variance of 8 numbers x, y,
= 10, 12, 6, 12, 4, 8, be 9 and 9.25 respectively. If
12 2
∑ x = 54 x > y, then 3x – 2y is equal to____
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-I
∑x 2
9
−  = 4
2
Ans. (25) : Given, the number
12 2 x , y , 10, 12, 6, 12, 4, 8
∴ ∑ x 2 = 291 x + y + 10 + 12 + 6 + 12 + 4 + 8
∴ mean = =9
∑x new = 54 − ( 9 + 10 ) + 7 + 14 = 56 8
∑x 2
new = 291 − (81 + 100 ) + 49 + 196 = 355 ∴ x + y + 52 = 72
2 ∴ x + y = 20 ......(i)
355  56  281 m Now, variance = 9.25
σ2new = −  = =
12  12  36 n
∑(x − x)
2

∴ m + n = 317 (∴ 281 + 36 = 317) ∴ 9.25 =

i

8
256. If the mean and variance of the frequency
or 9.25 × 8 = ∑ ( x i − x )
2
distribution
xi 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 (x – 9)2 + ( y – 9)2 + ( 10 –9)2 + ( 12 – 9)2 + ( 6–9)2 +
fi 4 4 α 15 8 β 4 5 (12 – 9)2 + ( 4 –9)2
= ( x –9)2 + ( 11–x)2 + 54
are 9 and 15.08 respectively, then the value of
or x2 + 81 –18x + x2 + 121 – 22x = 20
α2 + β 2 – αβ is _______ 2
JEE Main-06.04.2023, Shift-II or x + 20x + 91 = 0
Ans. (25) : We know, variance σ2 20 ± 400 − 364 20 ± 6
∴ x= = = 13, 7
∑ fi ( x i − x )
2
2 2
= ∴ y = 20 – 13 = 7
∑ fi ∴ x = 13, y = 7
Where, x =
∑ fi x i ∴ 3x – 2y = 39 – 14 = 25
∑i f 259. The mean deviation about the mean for the
8 + 16 + 6α + 120 + 80 + 12β + 56 + 80 values 18, 20, 12, 14, 19, 22, 26, 16, 19, 24 is
∴ 9= (a) 3.1 (b) 3.4
4 + 4 + α + 15 + 8 + β + 4 + 5
(c) 3.2 (d) 3.3
360 + 9α + 9β = 360 + 6α + 12β
3α = 3β J&K CET-2010
Now, variance σ = 4× ( 2–9) + 4(4 – 9) + α ( 6–9) +
2 2 2 2 Ans. (c) : Given,
15(8 – 9)2 + 8( 10–9)2 + β(12 – 9) 2 + 4( 14 – 9)2 + 5( 16 18, 20, 12, 14, 19, 22, 26, 16, 19, 24
– 9)2 = 40 + α + β 18 + 20 + 12 + 14 + 19 + 22 + 26 + 16 + 19 + 24
Solving, we get ∴ mean =
10
α=5
∴β=5 =
190
= 19 =
∑ ix − x
∴ α2 + β 2 – αβ = α2 + α2 – α2 = α 2 = 25 10 10
Statistics and Probability 1592 YCT
 1 1
= [ 18 − 19 + 20 − 19 + 12 − 19 + 14 − 19 + 19 − 19 + 22 − 19 =  ∑ x i2 + n.x 2 − 2x.∑ x i 
10
n
+ 26 − 19 + 16 − 19 + 19 − 19 + 24 − 19 ]
1  n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n. ( n + 1) 2 ( n + 1) n ( n + 1) 
2
1 32 =  + − 
= [1 + 1 + 7 + 5 + 0 + 3 + 7 + 3 + 0 + 5] = = 3.2 n  6 4 2
.
2 
10 10
260. If x1, x2, ....., x18 are observations such that n ( n + 1)  2n + 1 ( n + 1) 
18 18 =  − 
∑ (x i –8) = 9 and ∑ (x i – 8) 2 = 45 , then the 2n  3 2 
i=1 i=1
n + 1  4n + 2 − 3n − 3  ( n + 1)( n − 1) n 2 − 1
standard deviation of these observations is = = =
2  6  12 12
81
(a) (b) 5 n2 − 1
34 Standard deviation = var iance =
(c) 5 (d) 3/2 12
J&K CET-2009 262. For given data N = 60,
Ans. (d) : Given, ∑ x 2 = 18000and∑ x = 960, then variance of
18
data is
∑(x
i =1
i − 8) = 9 (a) 54 (b) 22
18
(c) 44 (d) 34
∑ x − 18 × 8 = 9
i =1
i
MHT CET-2022

∴ ∑ x = 144 + 9 = 153i
Ans. (c) : Given, N = 60, ∑x 2
= 18000, ∑ x = 960
18
1
∑(x − 8 ) = 45 ∴ E [ x ] = ∑ Pi x i = P.∑ x i =
2
Again, i × 960 = 16
i =1 60
∴ ∑ x i2 + 64 ×18 − 16 ×153 = 45 = 1341 1
E  x 2  = ∑ Pi x i2 = P ∑ x i =
× 18000 = 300
60
∑(x − x)
2

∴ Variance [x] = E[x2] – E[x]2

i
variance =
18 = 300 – (16)2 = 300 – 256 = 44
1
=  ∑ x i2 + 18.x 2 − 2x ∑ x i  263. In an experiment with 15 observations on x, we
18 Have ∑ x 2 = 2830, ∑ x = 170.
x=
∑ x i = 153 = 8.5 One observation that was 20 was found to be
18 18 wrong and was replaced by the correct value
1 30, then the corrected variance is
∴ variance = [1341 + 18 × 8.5 × 8.5 − 2 × 8.5 ×153] (a) 80.33 (b) 188.66
18 (c) 78 (d) 177.33
1 MHT CET-2022
= [1341 + 1300.5 − 2 × 1300.5]
18
1 40.5 Ans. (c) : Given, ∑ x 2 = 2830 and ∑ x = 170
= [1341 − 1300.5] = = 2.25
18 18 n = 15
3 One observation 20 was replaced by 30.
Standard deviation = 2.25 = 1.5 =
2
∴ ∑ x = 170 − 20 + 30 = 180
261. The standard deviation of the first n natural
numbers is
∑ x 2 = 2830 − ( 20 ) + ( 30 ) = 3330
2 2

n2 + 1 n2 −1
(a) (b)
12 12 Number of observation n = 15
variance [ x ] = E  x 2  − E [ x ]
2
n −1
2
n +1
2 ∴
(c) (d) 2
12 12 3330  180 
= − = 222 – 144 = 78
J&K CET-2008 15  15 
Ans. (c) : Mean of the first n natural numbers
264. The sum of 10 values is 12 and the sum of their
n ( n + 1) n + 1 squares is 16.9, then their standard deviation
= =
2n 2 (S.D.) is
∑( i ) (a) 0.05 (b) 0.005
2
x − x
Variance (σ2) = (c) 0.5 (d) 5
n MHT CET-2022
Statistics and Probability 1593 YCT
Ans. (c) : Given, Ans. (c) : We know that,
1 ∑ x i2  ∑ xi 
∑ x = 12 and ∑ x 2 = 16.9 and P = 10 Standard deviation = −
n  n 
1
∴ E [ x ] = ∑ Pi x i = P∑ x = ×12 = 1.2 100  20 
2
100 400
10 2= −  = − 2
n n n n
1
E[x2] = ∑ Pi x i2 = P ∑ x 2 = ×16.9 = 1.69 100 400
10 4= − 2
n n
∴ Variance [x] = E[x2] – E[x]2 = 1.69 – (1.2)2
2
n – 25 n + 100 = 0
= 1.69 –1.44 = 0.25 n2 – 20n – 5n + 100 = 0
n (n – 20) – 5 (n – 20) = 0
∴ Standard deviation S. D = 0.25 = 0.5 (n – 20) (n – 5) = 0
265. For two data sets, each of size 5, the variances n = 20,5
are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding 267. The regression coefficient of y on x is 2/3 and
means are given to be 2 and 4, respectively. The that of x on y is 4/3. The acute angle between
variance of the combined data set is the two regression lines is tan–1k, where k is
15 equal to:
(a) (b) 6
2 1 2
(a) (b)
13 5 9 9
(c) (d) 1 1
2 2 (c) (d)
11 18 3
(e) 8
2 (e)
Kerala CEE-2019 9
Kerala CEE-2004
Ans. (e) : Given, x = 2 and y = 4
Ans. (c) : Given that,
∑x i = 2 × 5 = 10 , ∑ yi = 4 × 5 = 20 Regression coefficient of y on x is (byx) =
2
and x on
3
Variance [x] = 4 and variance [y] = 5 4
y is (bxy) =
1 1 3
∑ x − 2 = 4 and ∑ y − 4 = 5
2 2 2 2

5 5 y − y = byx ( x − x )
x − x = bxy ( y − y )
= ∑ x 2 = 40 and ∑y 2
= 105
1
∴ Combined variance
y−y = (x − x)
bxy
2
  1
 ∑ x +∑ y  m1 = byx, m 2 =

1  2   
= x + ∑ y2  −  bxy
5+5  ∑   5+5 


  m1 − m 2
  tan θ =
2
1 + m1m 2
10 + 20 
[ 40 + 105] − 
1 145
=  = −9 1
10  10  10 byx −
bxy
55 11 tan θ =
= 14.5 − 9 = 5.5 = = 1
1 + byx
10 2 bxy
266. The standard deviation of n observations byx × bxy − 1
n θ = tan −1
1+1
x1, x2, ......., xn is 2. If ∑x i = 20 and
i=1 2 4
× −1
n
3 3 1/ 9 1
∑x
−1
2
= 100, then n is : θ = tan = tan −1 − = tan −1 −
i=1
i
1+1 2 18
(a) 10 or 20 (b) 5 or 10
(c) 5 or 20 (d) 5 or 15 ∴Angle is acute angle
(e) 25 1
k=
Kerala CEE-2006 18
Statistics and Probability 1594 YCT
268. The mean deviation from the mean of the series 271. For X ∼ B (n, p), if p = 0⋅6, E(X) = 6, then Var
a, a + d, a + 2d, ....., a + 2nd, is (X) =
n ( n + 1) d (a) 6⋅6 (b) 6
(a) n (n +1) d (b)
2n + 1 (c) 24 (d) 2⋅4
n ( n + 1) d n ( n − 1) d MHT CET-2021
(c) (d)
2n 2n + 1 Ans. (d) : Given,
Manipal UGET-2015
Kerala CEE-2006 p = 0.6 and E(x) = 6
Ans. (b) : a, a + d, a + 2d, ...a +2nd E(x) = n.p
1 6 = n × 0.6
x= [a + a + d + a + 2d + ... + a + 2nd ] n = 10
2n + 1
1  2n + 1 Now, q = 1 – p = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4
⇒ x=  ( a + a + 2nd )  = a + nd ∴ Variance (x) = npq
2n + 1  2 
∴ mean deviation, = 10 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 2.4
1 2n 1 2n 272. The variance of the probability distribution
= ∑
2n + 1 r =0
| (a + rd) − (a + nd) | = ∑ |r −n |d
2n + 1 r =0 x 0 1 2
1 n(n + 1)d
=
2n + 1
{ 2d (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n )} =
2n + 1 P(X)
9 3 1 is
16 8 16
269. In a meeting 60% of the members favour and
40% oppose a certain proposal. A member is 1 3
selected at random and we take X = 0 if he (a) (b)
8 8
opposed and X = 1 if he is in favour, then Var
X= 5 1
(c) (d)
(a) 0.36 (b) 0.66 8 4
(c) 0.24 (d) 0.06
MHT CET-2021
MHT CET-2021
Ans. (c) : Distribution of random variable x is Ans. (b) : Probability distribution is
40 60
p (x = 0) = = 0.4 and P(x = 1) = = 0.6 x 0 1 2
100 100
x 0 1 9 3 1
∴ P(x)
P(x) 0.4 0.6 16 8 16
∴ E(x2) = 0 × 0.4 + 12 × 0.6 2
3 2 1
= 0.6 E(x) = ∑ x i pi = 0 + + =
E(x) = 0 × 0.4 + 1 × 0.6 = 0.6 i =0 8 16 2
∴ Variance (x) = E[x2] – E[(x)]2
2
3 4 10 5
E(x 2 ) = ∑ x i 2 pi = 0 + + = =
= 0.6 – 0.36 = 0.24 i=0 8 16 16 8
270. A random variable X ∼ B (n, p) , if values of
mean and variance of X are 18 and 12 ∴ Variance = E[x2] – E[x]2
respectively, then n = 5 1 5 2 3
(a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 54 (d) 55 =
– = – =
8 4 8 8 8
MHT CET-2021
Ans. (c) : mean = np =18 273. Assume that n distinct values x1, x2, ….., xn
Variance = npq = 12 occur with frequencies f1, f2, …, fn respectively.
8 8

∴
npq 12
np 18
= If x = 7 and ∑f x
i=1
i i = 315, then ∑f
i=1
i =

2 (a) 35 (b) 45
∴ q=
3 (c) 48 (d) 42
Now, p + q = 1 (e) 40
2 Kerala CEE-2021
p=1–q=1–
3 Ans. (b) : Here,
1
∴ p= Σx f
x= i i
3
Σf i
18 18
Also, np = 18 ⇒ n = = Σx i fi 315
p 1/ 3 ∴ Σf i = = = 45
n = 54 x 7

Statistics and Probability 1595 YCT

 C. Conditional Probability and (a)
3
(b)
4
Properties of Probability 50 25
9 7
274. Six faces of a die are marked with the numbers (c) (d)
1, –1, 0, –2, 2 and 3.The die is thrown thrice. 50 50
The probability that the sum of the numbers SRM JEEE-2012
thrown is six, is Ans. (c) : Let x = 10 x1 + a1
1 1 y = 10 y1 + b1 (By division algorithm)
(a) (b) Where x1, a1, y1, b1 are integers such that
72 12
0 ≤ a1 ≤ 9 & 0 ≤ b 1 ≤ 9
5 1
(c) (d) ∴ x2 + y2 = (10 x1+ a1)2 + (10 y1+ b1)2
108 36 = 100 x12 + a12 + 20 x1a1 + 100 y12 + b12 + 20 y1b1
SRM JEEE-2008
Ans. (c) : Since die is thrown thrice. = 100 ( x12 + y12 ) + 20 (a1x1 + b1y1) + (a12 + b12)
∴ Total number of outcomes = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216 Total choice to choose a1 & b1 = 10 × 10 = 100
Favorable cases are (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 2, 1), Now, a12 + b12 will be divisible by 10 in each of the
(1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), (3, 1, 2), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 0), (0, 3, 3),
following cases.
(3, 0, 3)
Number of Favorable outcomes = 10 (0, 0) (1, 3) (1, 7) (2, 4), (2, 6) (3, 1) (3, 9), (4, 2),
(4, 8), (5, 5), (6, 2) (6, 8), (7, 1) (7, 9), (8, 4), (8, 6),
10 5
∴ Required probability = = (9, 3), (9, 7)
216 108 ∴ Favorable events = 18
275. 3 identical dice are rolled. The probability that 18 9
the same number will appear on each of them Hence, Probability = =
is 100 50
1 1 1 3 278. If a coin is tossed n times the probability that
(a) (b) (c) (d) head will appear an odd number of times is
6 36 18 28
SRM JEEE-2009 1 1
(a) n (b) n −1
Ans. (b) : Total number of outcomes = 216 2 2
Favorable cases will be (1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), 1 2
(3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 5), (6, 6, 6) (c) (d)
2 5
No. of favorable cases = 6 SRM JEEE-2012
6 1 Ans. (c) : If a coin is tossed 'n' number of times, the
∴ Required probability = =
216 36 total sample space = 2n. The number of ways that the
276. The urn contains 6 white and 4 black balls. A head comes in odd times,
n
fair die is rolled and that the numbers of balls C1 + nC3 + nC5 +........ = 2n–1
are chosen from the urn. The probability that 2n −1 1
the balls selected are white, is Hence, the required probability = n =
2 2
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 279. If from each of the three boxes containing 3
5 6 7 8 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white
SRM JEEE-2010 and 3 black balls, one ball is drawn at random,
Ans. (a) : Die can roll up with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. then the probability that two white and one
1 black ball will be drawn is
So, probability of occurring any one of them =
6 13 1
(a) (b)
Required probability = probability of drawing 32 4
1 white or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 white = 1 3
 1 6 C1   1 6 C2   1 6 C3   1 6 C 4  (c) (d)
32 16
 × 10  +  × 10  +  × 10  +  × 10 +
6 C1   6 C2  6 C3   6 C4  SRM JEEE-2014
1 Ans. (a) :
6
C  1 6
C 
+  × 10 5  +  × 10 6  3W 2W 1W
6 C5   6 C6 
1B 2B 3B
1 126 + 70 + 35 + 15 + 5 + 1  1 252 1 Box (1) Box (2) Box (3)
=
6   = 6 × 210 = 5 P (W1) = 3/4 P (W2) = 1/2 P (W3) = 1/4
210 
P (B1) = 1/4 P (B2) = 1/2 P (B3) = 3/4
277. Two non-negative integers x and y are chosen
3 1 3 9
at random with replacement. The probability W W B→ × × =
the x2 + y2 is divisible by 10 is 4 2 4 32
Statistics and Probability 1596 YCT
 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 1
W B W→ × × = (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4 32 4 2 3 3
1 1 1 1 SRM JEEE-2016
B W W→ × × = Ans. (a) : Let X, Y and Z denotes the events
4 2 4 32
That problem is solved by A, B and C respectively.
9 3 1 13
So, Required probability = + + = 1 1 1
32 32 32 32 ∴ P(X) = , P(Y) = , P(Z) = .
2 3 4
280. A and B play a game where each is asked to
select a number from 1 to 25. If the two ∴ The probability that problem is solved
numbers match both of them get a prize. The = P(X ∪ Y ∪ Z) = P(X) + P(Y) + P(Z) – P(X ∩ Y)
probability that they will not win a prize in a – P(Y ∩ Z) – P(Z ∩ X) + P(X ∩ Y ∩ Z)
single trail is = P(X) + P(Y) + P(Z) – P(X) P(Y) – P(Y) P(Z)
1 24 2 7 – P(Z)P(X) + P(X)P(Y)P(Z)
(a) (b) (c) (d) [QX, Y and Z areindependent]
25 25 25 25
SRM JEEE-2013 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 3
= + + − − − + = =
Ans. (b) : Probability (A and B will not win a prize 2 3 4 6 12 8 24 24 4
in single trial) = 1 – Probability (A and B 283. If 3% of the electric bulbs manufactured by a
Win a prize in single trial) company are defective, the probability that in a
1 24 sample of 100 bulbs exactly 5 bulbs are
= 1− = defective is
25 25
281. It is given that events A and B are such that e −3 35 e −3 53
(a) (b)
1 1 2 5! 3!
P(A) = , P(A|B) = and P(B|A) = then
4 2 3 e −5 53 e −3 53
(c) (d)
P(B) is equal to 3! 5!
1 1 SRM JEEE-2016
(a) (b) Ans. (a) : We will use Poisson distribution.
6 3
2 1 3
(c) (d) Here, n = 100, p =
3 2 100
SRM JEEE-2016 3
∴ λ = np = 100 × =3
BITSAT - 2009, 2006 100
Ans. (b) : Given, Probability that exactly 5 bulbs are defective
1 1 e−3 35
 e −λ λ r 
P(A)= , P(A / B) =
4 2
is given by = Q p ( X = r ) = 
5! r! 
2
P(B / A) = 284. The probability that certain electronic
3 component fails when first used is 0.10. If it
2 P(A ∩ B) 2 does not fail immediately, the probability that
Since, P (B / A) = ⇒ = it lasts for one year is 0.99. what is the
3 P(A) 3 probability that a new component will last for
2 one year is
⇒ P (A ∩ B) = × P (A) (a) 0.99 (b) 0.871
3
(c) 0.891 (d) 0.762
2 1 1 BITSAT-2020
⇒ P (A ∩ B) = × =
3 4 6 Ans. (c) : Probability that the electronic component
P(A ∩ B) 1 fails when first used is P(F) = 0.10. Therefore, P(F') =
And, P (A | B) = ⇒ = 1 - P(F) = 0.90
P(B) 2 Let E be the event that a new component will last for
1 1 one year.
⇒ =
6 × P(B) 2 E E
Then, P(E) = P(F)P   + P(F')P  
1  
F  F' 
P(B) = [Total probability theorem]
3
= 0.10 × 0 + 0.90 × 0.99 = 0.891
282. A problem of Mathematics is given to three
students A, B, C and their probability of 285. Find the probability of drawing a jack or an
1 1 1 ace from a pack of playing cards.
solving it are , and respectively. The (a) 1/8 (b) 1/6
2 3 4
(c) 1/3 (d) 2/13
probability that the problem is solved, is
BITSAT-2007
Statistics and Probability 1597 YCT
 Ans. (d) : As there are four jacks and four aces, the A1A 3 A 5 and A 2 A 4 A 6
number of favorable cases = 8
2 2 1
8 2 p= 6 = =
∴ The required probability = p = = C3 20 10
52 13
286. The probability of getting 10 in a single throw 289. The odds in favour of drawing a king from a
of three fair dice is : pack of 52 playing cards is
1 1 (a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 12
(a) (b) (c) 4 : 1 (d) 12 : 1
6 8
MHT CET-2020
1 1
(c) (d) Ans. (b) :
9 5
4 1
BITSAT-2018 Probability of drawing a king = =
Ans. (b) : Exhaustive no. of cases = 63 52 13
10 can appear on three dice either as distinct number as 12
following (1, 3, 6); (1, 4, 5); (2, 3, 5) and each can ∴ Probability of NOT drawing a king =
13
occur in 3! ways. Or 10 can appear on three dice as Hence odds is favour of drawing a king = 1:12
repeated digits as following (2, 2, 6), (2, 4, 4), (3, 3, 4)
3! 290. Two dice are thrown together. The probability
and each can occur in ways. that sum of the numbers is divisible by 2 or 3 is
2! 1 3
∴ No. of favorable cases (a) (b)
3! 6 4
= 3 × 3! + 3 × = 27 1 2
2! (c) (d)
Probability of getting 10 in a single throw 3 3
No.of outcomes 27 1 MHT CET-2020
= = = Ans. (d) : Two dice are thrown together. Then sum of
Total no.of outcomes 216 8
2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 is obtained in following ways.
287. If the papers of 4 students can be checked by
Let A = {( 2,2 ) , (1,2 ) , (1,1) , (1,3) , (1,5) , ( 2,1) , ( 2,4 ) , ( 2,6 ) ,
anyone of the 7 teachers then the probability
that all the 4 papers are checked by exactly 2 ( 3,1) , ( 3,3) , ( 3,5) , ( 3,6 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 4,2 ) , ( 4,4 ) , ( 4,6 ) ,
teachers, is
12 6 {( 5,1) , ( 5,3) , ( 5,4 ) , ( 5,5 ) , ( 6,2 ) , ( 6,3) , ( 6,4 ) , ( 6,6 )}
(a) (b)
49 49 Thus, n ( A ) = 24 and n ( S) = 6 × 6 = 36
9 15
(c) (d) n ( A ) 24 2
49 49 ∴ P(A) = = =
BITSAT-2017 n ( S) 36 3
Ans. (b) : Total way in which papers can be checked is 291. If A and B are independent events and
equal to 74. Now, two teachers who have to check all 2 3
the papers can be selected in 7C2 ways and papers can P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = , then P ( A'∩B ) =
be checked by them is (24 – 2) favorable ways. 3 5
Thus, required probability 2 3
(a) (b)
7
C2 (24 − 2) 21× 14 6 5 5
= = =
74 74 49 4 1
(c) (d)
288. If three vertices of a regular hexagon are 15 5
chosen at random, then the chance that they MHT CET-2020
form an equilateral triangle is : Ans. (d) :
1 1 2 2 1
(a)
3
(b)
5 P ( A ) = ⇒ P ( A' ) = 1 − P ( A ) = 1 − =
3 3 3
1 1
(c) (d) ∴ P ( A'∩ B ) = P ( A' ).P ( B )
10 2
BITSAT-2016 1 3 1
= × =
Ans. (c) : Three vertices can be selected in 6C3 ways. 3 5 5
292. In a single throw of three dice, the probability
of getting a sum at least 5 is
51 1
(a) (b)
54 54
2 53
(c) (d)
3 54
The only equilateral triangles possible are MHT CET-2020
Statistics and Probability 1598 YCT
 Ans. (d) : Here, Ans. (a) :
n ( S) = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216 2 3 4
Given P ( A ) = ⇒ P ( A') = and P ( B' ) = ⇒ P ( B ) =
5
The sum of less than 5 5 9 9
Since A and B are independent events,
5is = {(1,1,1) , (1,1, 2 ) , (1, 2,1) , ( 2,1,1)} 2 5 2
∴ P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) .P ( B ) = × =
4 1 5 9 9
Here, P ( sumless than 5 ) = =
216 54 296. Letters in the word HULULULU are
∴ P ( at least 5) = P ( ≥ 5) = 1 − P ( < 5) rearranged. The probability of all three L
being together is
1 53 3 2
= 1− = (a) (b)
54 54 20 5
293. If a fair coin is tossed 8 times, then the 3 5
probability that it shows head more than tails is (c) (d)
28 23
91 97 MHT CET-2018
(a) (b)
256 256 Ans. (c) :
95 93 HULULULU ⇒ Contains 4U, 3L, 1H
(c) (d) Consider 3L together i.e. we have to arrange units
256 256
MHT CET-2020 which contains 4U.
Hence number of possible arrangements
Ans. (d) : Given,
6!
1 1 = = 6 × 5 = 30
n = 8 , here p = ,q = 4!
2 2 Number of ways of arranging all letters of given word
P ( x > 4 ) = P ( x = 5 ) + P ( x = 6 ) + P ( x = 7 ) + P ( x = 8) 8! 8 × 7 × 6 × 5
= = = 8× 7 × 5
3!4! 3× 2
5 3 6 2 7 1 8 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 6 3
=8 C5     +8 C6     +8 C7     +8 C8     Hence required probability = = =
5  2 5 2 5  2 5 2 8 × 7 × 5 8 × 7 28
56 28 8 1 93 297. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two
= + + + = balls are drawn at random. The probability
256 256 256 256 256 that they are of the same colour is
294. If A and B are two independent events and 1 7 1 5
3 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = , then P ( A' ∩ B' ) = 7 15 15 7
5 3 MHT CET-2019
7 4 Ans. (b) :
(a) (b)
15 15 Out of 10 balls 2 balls can be selected in 10 C 2 ways
1 2 10! 10 × 9
(c) (d) i.e. n ( S) =10 C2 = = = 45
15 15 2!8! 2 ×1
MHT CET-2020 Let X = Two balls of the same colour are drawn.
Ans. (d) : Given, Let A be the event that two balls are of the white colour.
6! 6×5
3
P ( A ) = , P ( B) =
2 ∴ n ( A ) = 6 C 2 ×4 C 0 = ×1 = = 15
5 3 2!× 4! 2 ×1
P ( A '∩ B') = 1 –  P ( A ) + P ( B ) – P ( A ∩ B )  n ( A ) 15 1
P(A) = = =
n ( S) 45 3
3 2 3 2 3 2 2
=1–  + – ×  =1–  + –  Let B be the event that two balls are of black colour.
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 4! 4 × 3
 9 + 10 – 6  13 2 n ( B ) = 6 C 0 ×4 C 2 = 1 × = =6
=1–   =1– = 2!2! 2 × 1
 15  15 15 n ( B) 6 2
∴ P ( B) = = =
295. If A and B are independent events such that n ( S) 45 15
odds in favour of A is 2 : 3 and odds against B
is 4 : 5 then P ( A ∩ B ) =
1 2 7
Hence P ( A ) + P ( B ) = + =
3 15 15
2 1 298. The probability that three cards drawn from a
(a) (b)
9 9 pack of 52 cards, are all red is
4 3 1 2 3 4
(c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 9 17 17 17 17
MHT CET-2020 MHT CET-2019
Statistics and Probability 1599 YCT
 Ans. (b) : Three cards can be drawn out of 52 cards in 301. If A and B are two events defined on a sample
52! 52 × 51× 50 space S such that
52
C3 = = = 52 ×17 × 25 1 5 2
3!49! 3 × 2 ×1 P ( A ∩ B ) = ,P ( A ∪ B ) = , P ( B') = ,
Ways ⇒ n ( S) = 52 ×17 × 25 4 8 3
Let A ≡ the event that three are red cards. then P ( A ) =
There are 26 red cards and 3 cards can be drawn from 13 9 17 15
these 26 red cards in (a) (b) (c) (d)
24 24 24 24
26! 26 × 25 × 24 MHT CET-2019
26
C3 = = ways
3!23! 3 × 2 ×1 Ans. (a) :
26 × 25 × 24
⇒ n (A) = 2 1
P ( B ) = 1 − P ( B') = 1 −
=
3 × 2 ×1 3 3
n ( A ) 26 × 25 × 24 1 2 Now, P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
∴ P (A) = = × =
n ( S) 3 × 2 ×1 52 ×17 × 25 17
5 1 1
1 2 3 ∴ = P (A) + − ⇒ P (A) =
299. If P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = and P ( A ∩ B ) = , 8 3 4
4 5 20 5 1 1 13
− + =
then P ( A' ∩ B') = 8 3 4 24
17 13 1 1 302. Two cards are drawn from a pack of well
(a) (b) (c) (d) shuffled 52 playing cards one by one without
20 20 2 3 replacement. Then the probability that both
Karnataka CET-2021 cards are queens is
MHT CET-2019 3 1
1 2 (a) (b)
Ans. (c) : Given, P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = 220 221
4 5 1 2
(c) (d)
3
P ( A ∩ B) = 220 221
20 MHT CET-2020
Q P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P ( A ∩ B) Ans. (b) : Two cards are drawn from a pack of 52
1 2 3 10 1 cards without replacement. Total queen cards are 4
= + − = =
∴ P (1st queen card ) = and P ( 2nd queen card ) =
4 3
4 5 20 20 2
Q P ( A' ∩ B') = P ( A ∪ B)' 52 51
P( A' ∩B') = 1 – P ( A ∪ B) 4×3 1
∴ Required Pr obability = =
1 52 × 51 221
= 1− 303. The probability that the person who undergoes
2
certain operation will survive is 0.2. If 5
1
P ( A '∩ B' ) = patients undergo similar operations, then the
2 probability that exactly four will survive is
300. Five persons are chosen at random from a (a) 0.0032 (b) 0.0084
group containing 4 men, 2 women and 4 (c) 0.0064 (d) 0.0042
children. The chance that exactly two of them MHT CET-2020
will be children is Ans. (c) : The probability that the person will survive,
10 1 1 8 p = 0.2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21 10 21 21 and the probability that the person will not survive,
MHT CET-2019 q = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
Ans. (a) : We have 4 men + 2 women + 4 children = Then the required
10 persons Probability that exactly 4 person will survive
Out of 10 people, any 5 can be selected in 10 C 5 ways. ( r = 4)
P = nCr pr qn – r
∴ n ( S) =10 C5 ways. = 5C4 × ( 0.2) 4 ( 0.8) 5–4
10! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 5C4 ×(0 .2)4 × ( 0.8) = 5 × 0.0016 × 0.8
∴ n ( S) =10 C5 = = = 36 × 7 P = 0.0064
5!5! 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
When there are exactly 2 children in the group, we 304. 15 coins are tossed, the probability of getting 10
can select in following ways. heads will be
4! 6! 511 1001
4
C2 ×6 C3 = × = 6 × 20 (a) (b)
2!× 2! 3!× 3! 32768 32768
6 × 20 10 3003 3005
Hence required probability = = (c) (d)
36 × 7 21 32768 32768
MHT CET-2012
Statistics and Probability 1600 YCT
 1 Ans. (d) : Two socks can be drawn out of nine in
Ans. (c) : Probability of getting head (p) = 9
C 2 .ways. These can be of the same colour in
2
1 C 2 + 4 C 2 ways. (Both the socks may be white or both
5

Probability of getting tail (q) =

2 may be brown)
n = 15 r = 10 ∴ Required probability ,
Then the required probability 5
C2 4 C2 5
C + 4 C 2 10 + 6 16 4
10
1 1
5
= +9 = 29 = = =
P = C10   ×  
15 9
C2 C2 C2 36 36 9
2 2
15
308. In a box there are 2 red, 3 black and 4 white
15!  1  balls. Out of these three balls are drawn
P= × 
10!5!  2  together. The probability of these being of same
colour is
3003
P= 5 1
32768 (a) (b)
84 21
305. A multiple choice examination has 5 1
questions. Each question has three alternative (c) (d) none of these
answers of which exactly one is correct. The 84
probability that a student will get 4 or more AMU-2002
correct answers just by guessing is Ans. (a) : Total balls → 2 Red, 3 black, 4 white
10 17 13 11 =2+3+4=9
(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5 Total number of cases = 9C 3
3 3 3 3
COMEDK-2013 the cases of drawing same colour are selecting 3 from
Ans. (d) : Probability of getting a correct answer Block and 3 from 4 white balls.
1 = 3 C3 + 4 C3 = 1 + 4 = 5
(P) =
3 Total required probability
2 5 5
and Probility of getting an incorrect answer ( q ) = = 9 =
3 C3 84
n = 5, r = 4, 5
309. A bag contains 3 black and 4 white balls. Two
Use binomial distribution, balls are drawn one by one at random without
Probability of getting 4 correct answer + Probability of replacement. The probability that the second
getting 5 correct answer. drawn ball is white, is
4 5− 4 5 5−5
1  2 1  2 5× 2 1 4 1
= 5 C 4     + 5 C5     = 5 + 5 (a) (b)
3  3 3  3 3 3 49 7
11 4 12
P= 5 (c) (d)
3 7 49
306. Ram obtained 60 and 85 in first two unit tests. CG PET- 2007
The minimum marks he should get in the third Ans. (c) : lf first ball is black and second ball is white,
test to have an average of at least 55 marks is 3 4
(a) x ≥ 20 (b) x ≤ 20 Probability = ×
7 6
(c) x > 20 (d) x < 20 If first ball is white and second ball is black then,
COMEDK-2014
4 3
Ans. (a) : Let x be the marks obtained by Ram in the probability = ×
third unit test. 7 6
To get an average of at least 55 marks. We have ∴ The probability that the second drawn ball is,
60 + 85 + x 3 4 4 3 12 + 12
≥ 55 = × + × =
3 7 6 7 6 42
⇒ 145 + x ≥ 165 ⇒ x ≥ 165 – 145 ⇒ x ≥ 20. 24 4
=
307. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 white socks. A 42 7
man pulls out 2 socks. The probability that 310. A coin is tossed 4 times. The probability that at
they are of the same colour is least one head turns up is
5 1 1 2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
108 6 16 16
5 4 14 15
(c) (d) (c) (d)
18 9 16 16
COMEDK-2016 CG PET- 2007
Statistics and Probability 1601 YCT
Ans. (d) : If 4 coins are tossed the ≥ P ( A ) + P ( B) – 1
Total cases = 2 4 = 16 1
10
1 1
10
1
10 10

1 = 120 ×   + 45   + 10   + 1 
So, the probability of getting head =  
2  
2  
2 2
2 176 11
∴ Required Probability = 1 – P(no head ) = =
4 1024 64
= 1 −   = 1 −
1 1 15
= 314. The probability that at least one of the events A
2 16 16 and B occurs is 0.7 and they occur
311. A speaks truth in 75% cases and B speaks simultaneously with probability 0.2. Then,
truth in 80% case., The probability that they
contradict each other in a statement, is
( ) ( )
P A + P B is equal to
7 13 (a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 (c) 1.1 (d) 1.4
(a) (b) CG PET- 2010
20 20
Ans. (c) : Given Probability that at least one of the
3 2 events A and B occurs in 0.7 i.e
(c) (d)
5 5 1 − P ( A ) P ( B ) = 0.7
CG PET- 2007
Ans. (a) :Given, A speak truth in 75% cases and P ( A ) P ( B ) = 0.3
B speak truth in 80% cases Also, given the Probability that they occur
∴Required Probability = Simultaneously = 0.2
P(A speak truth and B tell a lie) + P( A tells a lie and B i.e. = P(A) P(B) = 0.2
speaks trut) Now,
= P ( A ) P ( B ) + P ( A ) P(B) P ( A ∪ B) = P A ∪ B ( )
 75   80   75   80  = 1 − P ( A ∩ B) = 1 − P ( A ) .P ( B ) = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
=  1 −  + 1 −  
 100   100   100   100 
Again, P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
3 1 1 4 3+ 4 7
= × + × = = 0.8 = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − 0.3
4 5 4 5 20 20
312. The probability that a leap year will have 53 P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 1.1
Friday or 53 Saturday, is
2 3 315. A die is rolled three times. The probability of
(a) (b) getting a larger number than the previous
7 7 number is
4 1 5 5
(c) (d) (a) (b)
7 7 216 54
CG PET- 2007 1 5
Ans. (b) : There are 366 days in a leap year , i.e. 52 (c) (d)
weeks and 2 days and there are following possibilities 6 36
CG PET- 2015
of two extra days
(sun, mon) , (mon , tue) , (tue, wed), (wed, thu), Ans. (b) : When a die is rolled three times.
(thu, fri), (fri, sat), (sat, sun) Total possible outcomes n (S) = 63 = 216
Now, according to question, the favorable outcomes
∴ n(S) = 7 and n(E) = Number of Friday or Saturday = 3
= {(1, 2,3) , (1, 2, 4 ) , (1, 2,5 ) , (1,2,6 ) , (1,3,4 ) , (1,3,5 ) ,
n (E) 3
Hence, required Probability =
n (S) 7
(1,3,6 ) , (1, 4,5 ) , (1, 4,6 ) , (1,5,6 ) , ( 2,3, 4 ) , ( 2,3,5 ) ,
313. Ten coins are thrown simultaneously, the
( 2,3,6 ) , ( 2, 4,5 ) , ( 2,4,6 ) , ( 3, 4,5 ) , ( 3, 4,6 ) , ( 4,5,6 ) ,
probability of getting atleast 7 heads is ( 2,5,6 ) , ( 3,5,6 )} .
63 121 ∴ Favorable outcomes n (E) = 20
(a) (b)
256 172 n (E) 20 5
∴ Required probability = = =
(c)
113
(d)
11 n ( )
S 216 54
512 64
CG PET- 2008 316. Let A and B be any two events, then P ( A ∩ B )
Ans. (d) :Given, total coins (n) = 10, (a) P ( A ∪ B ) − P ( A C ) − P ( BC )
1
Probability of getting head P = and not getting head (b) P ( A ) + P ( BC )
2
1 (c) P ( B ) + P ( AC )
q=
2 (d) none of the above
∴ Required Probability AMU-2011
Statistics and Probability 1602 YCT
 3
Ans. (d) : Let A and B be any two events then P(A ∩ B) C2 (P)2 (1–P)1 = 9 3C3 P3 × (1 – P)0
3 × P2 (1–P)1 = 9 × P3 × 1
3 × P2 (1–P)1 = 9 × P3 × 1
3p2 – 3p3 = 9p3
3p2 = 9p3 + 3p3
P ( A U B) ≤ 1 3p2 = 12p3
3 = 12p
P (A) + P (B) – P ( A I B ) ≤ 1
1
P ( A I B) ≥ P ( A ) + P ( B) – 1 p=
4
P ( A I B ) is not less than P(A) + P(B) –1 1 1 1
320. If P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = and P ( A ∩ B ) = , then
317. A fair coin is tossed 100 times. The probability 2 3 4
of getting tail an odd number of times is B
the value of P   will be
1 1 A
(a) (b)
2 4 (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 0 (d) 1 1 1
AMU-2011 (c) (d)
2 3
Ans. (a) : Let, x be the event of getting fail required
probability CG PET- 2017
p(x = 1) + p(x = 3) ……p(x = 99) Ans. (c) :Given,
99 100 100 1 1 1
100  1  1  1 1
C1    +100 C3   ....100 C99   P ( A ) = , P (B) = , P ( A ∩ B ) =
2 3 4
=  3  2  2 2
2100 1
2100  B  P ( A ∩ B) 4 1
P  = = =
299 1 A P(A) 1 2
= 2 100
= 100 = 2
2 2 2
318. A fair coin is tossed n number of times. If the 321. Six boys and six girls sit in a row. The
probability of having at least one head is more probability that the boys and girls sit
than 90%, then n is greater than or equal to alternately will be
(a) 2 (b) 3 1 1
(a) (b)
(c) 4 (d) 5 462 924
AMU-2010 1
Ans. (c) : Suppose the coin is tossed n times. Let X be (c) (d) None of these
2
the number of heads obtained. Then, X follows a
CG PET- 2017
binomial distribution with parameters n and
1 Ans. (a) : We have 6 boys and 6 girls
P= Total =(6+6)=12
2 Total number of ways of sitting arrangement=12!
90 Number of ways of boys and girls sit alternating is
P (X ≥ 1) ≥ = 0.9 ⇒ 1 – P(X = 0) ≥ 0.9
100 6!×6! ×2!
⇒ 1– C0P (1 – P)n ≥ 0.9
n 0
6!× 6!× 2!
n n ∴Required probability =
⇒ 1–   ≥ 0.9 ⇒   ≤
1 1 1 12!
2  2  10 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1× 6!× 2
=
1 1 12 ×11× 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6!
⇒ ≤ ⇒ 2n ≥ 10 ⇒ n ≥ 4
2n 10 1
=
319. In a series of three trials the probability of 462
exactly two success in nine times as large as the 322. One letter from the word POSSESSIVE is
probability of three success. Then the chosen at random, than the probability of its
probability of success in each trial is being S will be
1 1
(a) (b) – 3 4 3 4
2 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
1 3 10 10 6 6
(c) (d) CG PET- 2018
4 4
AMU-2005 Ans. (b) : There are total 10 letters in the word
POSSESSIVE. Out of which 4 are S.
Ans. (c) : According to question 4
P(2 success) = 9[P(3 success)] C 4
∴ Required probability = 10 1 =
P (k success) = nCk (P)k × (1 – P)n–k C1 10

Statistics and Probability 1603 YCT

323. Out of 13 applicants for a job, there are 5 1 19
women and 8 men. It is desired to select 2 (c) (d)
2 36
persons for this job. What is the probability JEE Main-25.07.2022, Shift-I
that at least one of the selected persons will be a
woman? Ans. (a) :Given, x2 + αx + β > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
(a) 5/13 (b) 10/13 D = α2 – 4β < 0
(c) 14/39 (d) 25/39 α2 < 4β
SCRA-2012 Total cases = 6 × 6 = 36
Ans. (d) : Probability that at least one of the selected Favorable cases = β = 1, α = 1
person is women = 1–both the selected persons are men. β = 2, α = 1, 2
8C2 8× 7 14 25 β = 3, α = 1, 2, 3
= 1– =1– = 1− = β = 4, α = 1, 2, 3
13C2 13 × 12 39 39
β = 5, α = 1, 2, 3, 4
324. Find the number of ways in which 52 cards can β = 6, α = 1, 2, 3, 4
be divided into 4 sets, three of them having 17 Total favorable cases = 17
cards each and the fourth one having just one
17
card. P(x) =
52 52 36
(a) (b) 327. Let E1 and E2 be two events such that the
( ) ( ) 3
3 3
17 17 1
51 51 conditional probabilities P ( E1 E2 ) = ,
(c) (d) 2
( 17 ) ( 17 )
3 3
3 1
P ( E2 E1 ) = and P ( E1 ∩ E2 ) = . Then:
3
AMU-2015 4 8
Ans. (b) : We know that if 3m things are divided into (a) P(E1∩E2) = P(E1) · P(E2)
three equal groups, then the number of divisions (b) P(E'1∩E'2) = P(E'1) · P(E2)
3m (c) P(E1∩E'2) = P(E1) · P(E2)
mmm3 (d) P(E'1∩E2) = P(E1) · P(E2)
JEE Main-25.06.2022, Shift-I
Now, 52 cards are divided into 3 equal sets (each 17
card) Ans. (c) :
1 1 1
Then 1set (containing only one card represented as) (a) P ( E 1 ) ⋅ P ( E2 ) = ⋅ = ≠ P ( E1 ∩ E 2 )
52 6 4 24
17 17 17 3 (b) P ( E '1 ∩ E '2 ) = 1 – P ( E1 ∪ E 2 )
52 = (P(E1) + P(E2) – P(E1∩E2))
( 17 )
3  1 1 1  17
3 = 1–  + –  =
325. Let N denotes the sum of the numbers obtained  6 4 8  24
1 1 1
when two dice are rolled. If the probability that (c) P ( E1 ∩ E '2 ) = P ( E1 ) – ( E1 ∩ E 2 ) = – =
m 6 8 24
2N < N! is , where m and n are coprime, then
n 1 1 1
4m – 3n is equal to (d) P ( E '1 ∩ E 2 ) = P ( E 2 ) – P ( E1 ∩ E 2 ) = – =
4 8 8
(a) 8 (b) 6
328. Given P (A) = 0.5 P (B) = 0.4, P (A ∩ B) = 0.3
(c) 10 (d) 12
then P (A' / B') is equal to
JEE Main-10.04.2023, Shift-I
1 1 2 3
Ans. (a) : N = Sum of the numbers when two dice are (a) (b) (c) (d)
rolled such that 2N < N! 3 2 3 4
4 ≤ N ≤ 12 APEAPCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I
Probability that 2N ≥ N! Ans. (c): P(A) = 0.5 P(B) = 0.4
1 2 3 1 P(A ∩ B) = 0.3
Now, P(N = 2) + P (N = 3) = + = =
36 36 36 12 ∵ P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
1 11 m = 0.5 + 0.4 – 0.3 = 0.6
Required probability = 1 – = = P(B') = 1 – P (B) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
12 12 n
4m – 3n = 8 P (A ∪ B)' = 1 – P (A ∪ B)'
= 1 – 0.6 = 0.4
326. If the numbers appeared on the two throws of a
fair six faced die are α and β , then the P ( A '∩ B' ) P ( A ∪ B ) '
∴ P (A'/B') = =
probability that x2 + αx + β > 0, for all x ∈ R, is P ( B' ) P ( B) '
:
17 4 1 − P ( A ∪ B ) 0.4 2
= = =
(a)
36
(b)
9 1 − P ( B) 0.6 3

Statistics and Probability 1604 YCT

329. The probability for a contractor to get a road Ans. (d) : A basket contains 5 apples and 7 orange.
2 Second basket contains 4 apples and 8 orange.
contract is and to get a building contract is Probability that both fruits are apple.
9
5 5 4 20
. if the probability to get both the contract is = × =
9 12 12 144
1 The probability that both fruits are oranges,
then what is the probability to get neither of 7 8 56
6 = × =
these two contract? 12 12 144
7 4 The probability that fruits are both apple or both
(a) (b) oranges.
9 9 20 56 76
7 4 = + =
(c) (d) 144 144 144
18 18 332. Two fair dice are rolled. The probability of the
APEAPCET- 23.08.2021, Shift-2 sum of digits on their faces to be greater than
Ans. (c): Given, or equal to 10 is
P (A) = 2/9, P (B) = 5/9 1 1
(a) (b)
P (A ∪ B) = 1/6 P (A ∩ B) = ? 5 4
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B) 1 1
1/6 = 2/9 + 5/9 – P(A ∩ B) (c) (d)
8 6
2 5 1 AP EAMCET-2013
P (A ∩ B) = + −
9 9 6 Ans. (d) : Total sample points
22 11 n(S) = 6 × 6 = 36
P (A ∩ B) = = Favorable events,
36 18
[(6,4),(6,5)(6,6)(5,5)(5,6)(4,6)
11 7
Probability to neither get both = 1 − = Total favorable events n(E) = 6
18 18
n (E) 6 1
330. The probabilities that A and B speak truth are Required probability = = =
4 3 n ( S ) 36 6
and respectively. The probability that
5 4 333. A six-faced unbiased die is thrown twice and
they contradict each other when asked to speak the sum of the number appearing on the upper
on a fact is face is observed to be. 7 The probability that
1 3 the number 3 has appeared atleast once, is
(a) (b) 1 1
5 20 (a) (b)
4 7 5 2
(c) (d) 1 1
20 20 (c) (d)
AP EAPCET-25.08.2021, Shift-II 3 4
Ans. (d) : P(A) = 4/5 AP EAMCET-2014
P ( A ) = 1 – 4/5 = 1/5
Ans. (c) : Sum of the dice is 7.
S = {(1,6) (6,1) (2,5) (5,2)(3,4)(4,3)}
P(B) = 3/4 ∴n(S) = 6
3 1 Let E = Event of getting at least 3 on die
P ( B) = 1 − = ∴n(E) = 2
4 4
The probability of they contradict each other ∴ Required probability,
= P(A). P ( B ) + P ( A ) .P ( B ) n (E) 2 1
= =
n (S) 6 3
4 1 1 3
= × + × 334. If four whole numbers taken at random are
5 4 5 4 multiplied together, then the probability that
1 3 7 the last digit in the product is 1, 3, 7 or 9 is :
= + =
5 20 20 81 8
(a) (b)
331. First basket contains 5 apples and 7 oranges 625 625
and another basket contains 4 apples and 8 32 16
oranges. One fruit is picked out from each (c) (d)
basket. Find the probability that the fruits are 625 625
both apples or both oranges AMU-2018
(a) 24/144 (b) 56/144 Ans. (d) : If any of the 4 whole number are 0, 2, 4, 5, 6,
(c) 68/144 (d) 76/144 or 8, then the product of 4 number will not contain 1, 3,
7, or 9 in the last digit.
AMU-2003
Statistics and Probability 1605 YCT
So, all the selected 4 numbers contain last digit from 1 7
any of 1, 3, 7 or 9. (c) (d)
12 12
Now total out comes = 10 AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-II
Probability of any number having last digit
Ans. (d) : Two dice are rolled, then n(S) = 36
4 2
1,3,7 or 9 ⇒ = Let A : Getting an odd number on the first dice
10 5 = (1 , 1),(1,2), (1, 3)(1, 4), (1, 5) (1, 6), (3, 1)(3, 2) (3,
Required probability 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1)(5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
2 2 2 2 16 n(A) = 18
= × × × =
5 5 5 5 625 n ( A ) 18
P (A) = =
335. A die is tossed thrice. If event of getting an even n ( S) 36
number is a success, then the probability of
B : getting a total of 7 on both dies
getting at least 2 successes is
= (1, 6), (2, 5),(3,4), (4, 3)(5, 2), (6, 1)
7 1 n (B) = 6
(a) (b)
8 4 n ( B) 6
2 1 P ( B) = =
(c) (d) n ( S ) 36
3 2
AP EAMCET-19.08.2021, Shift-I A ∩B = (1, 6), (3, 4), (5. 2)
Ans. (d): 18 6 3
∴n ( A ∩B) = + −
X = no. of successes in 3 trials 36 36 36
P ( X = r ) = n Cr P r q n −r 21 7
=
P = Probability of getting even number 36 12
3 1 338. A speaks truth in 4 out 5 times. A die is tossed.
= = If A reports that there is 4 on the die, then the
6 2
1 1 probability that there was 4 on the die, is
q = 1− P = 1− = 2 4
2 2 (a) (b)
Required probability, 3 9
= P ( X = 2 ) + P ( X = 3) 1 2
(c) (d)
2 3
3 9
1 1 AP EAMCET-22.04.2019, Shift-II
= 3 C 2   + 3 C3  
2 2 Ans. (b) : Let E1 be the event that 4 will be on the die.
1 4 1 1
= [3 + 1] = = P ( E1 ) =
8 8 2 6
336. 12 balls are distributed among 3 boxes, then E2 be the event that it will not be 4
the probability that the first box will contain 3 5
balls is P ( E2 ) =
6
12
C3 × 29 12
C3 × 29
(a) (b)  A 4  A 1
312 310 P =  and A  = 
12
C3 12
C3  E1 5   E2 5 
(c) (d) ∴ Required probability =
312 310
AP EAMCET-19.08.2021, Shift-I 1 4 4
×
Ans. (a): Given, 6 5 30 4
= =
Total no. of ways of arranging 12 balls = 312 1 4 5 1 4 5 9
× + × +
Favorable ways = 12 C3 ×1 6 5 6 5 30 30
Hence, 9 ball left after sending 3 to one box. 339. A box contains 2 white balls, 3 black balls and
So, our favorable ways will be:- 4 red balls. In how many ways can 3 balls be
drawn from the box, if a least one black ball is
= 12 C3 × 29 to be included in the draw?
Probability that first box contains 3 balls. (a) 64 (b) 24
12
C3 × 2 9 (c) 3 (d) 12
= 12 AMU-2013
3
337. If two dice are rolled at a time, then the Ans. (a) : A box contains 2 white ball 3 black balls and
probability of getting an odd number on the 4 red balls.
first dice or a total of 7 on both dice is Total possible combination is 9C3.
5 2 Combination without black,
(a) (b) = 2 C1 + 4C1 + 2 C1 + 4 C1 + 4C3
9 3
Statistics and Probability 1606 YCT
The combination with at least one black = 1024 – 972 + 192 – 4
9×8× 7  12  = 1216 –976 = 240
= − 1× 4 + 2 × + 4 
3 × 2 × 1 
Thus, the number of ways of placing 5 distinct balls
2  such that exactly one cell remains empty.
= 12 × 7 – 20 = 5C1 ×240
= 84 – 20 = 64
Therefore, required probability–
340. A fair die is rolled. The probability that the
first time 1 occurs at the odd throw is :
5
C1 × 240 240 48
= =
5 6 55 625 125
(a) (b)
11 11 343. If the letters of the word 'PROBABILITY' are
1 31 written down at random in a row, then
(c) (d) probability that two B's are together, is
6 36
AMU-2013 2 10
(a) (b)
Ans. (b) : First time occur at the odd throw. It means 11 11
will appear either 1st throw or 2nd throw or 3rd throw. 3 6
1 (c) (d)
P(occurring 2) = 11 11
6 WB JEE-2015
Required probability = P(occurring 1st throw +3rd throw Ans. (a) : Total number of ways in which the letters of
+ 5th throw …) the word. PROBABILITY' can be arranged in row
1 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1
= + × × + × × × × + …….. 11!
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 =
2 4
2!2!
1 5 1 5 1
= +   × +   × + ……… Number of ways in which two B's are together =
10
6 6 6 6 6 2!
1 1 Therefore, required probability
6 6
= 2
⇒ 6 = 10!
11
5
1−  
11 2! = 10!× 2! = 2
 
6 36 11! 11! 11
341. Let A and B be any two events. Which one of 2!2!
the following statements is always true? 344. In a group of 14 males and 6 females, 8 and 3 of
(a) P(A'/B)=P(A/B) the males and females, respectively are aged
(b) P(A'/B)=P(B'/A) above 40 yr. The probability that a person
(c) P(A'/B) =1–P(A/B) selected at random from the group is aged
(d) P(A'/B) =1–P(A/B') above 40 yr given that the selected person is a
AMU-2012 female, is
Ans. (c) : Let A and B be any two event. 2 1
P ( A' ∩ B ) (a) (b)
P ( A'/B ) = 7 2
P ( B) 1 5
(c) (d)
P ( B) – P ( A ∩ B) P ( A ∩ B) 4 6
= = 1–
P ( B) P ( B) WB JEE-2016
Ans. (b) : Given,
P ( A'/B ) = 1 – P ( A/B )
Number of males = 14
342. If 5 distinct balls are placed at random into 5 and females = 6
cells, then the probability that exactly one cell Total 14 + 6 = 20
remains empty, is 40 year above males = 8
(a) 48/125 (b) 12/125 and females above 40 year = 3
(c) 8/125 (d) 1/125 Now, P (salted) person is female and above 40year )
WB JEE-2015 3 1
Ans. (a) : Given, 5 distinct balls can be placed into 5 = =
6 2
cells in 55 ways.
Then, the number of ways of selecting one cell is 5C1 345. The probability of a non-leap year having 53
Mondays is ...........
Let the selected cell be empty.
2 1
Now, number ways of placing 5 distinct balls into 4 (a) (b)
cells such that each cell have at least one ball. 7 7
5 6
45 − 4 C1 ( 4 − 1) + 4 C2 ( 4 − 2 ) − 4 C3 ( 4 − 3)
5 5 4
(c) (d)
7 7
= 1024 − 4 × 35 + 6 × 25 − 4 AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1607 YCT
Ans. (b) : Number of days in non leap year = 365 Ans. (b) : Suppose that the x be the number of die A.
= 52× 7 + 1 = 52 weeks + 1day and y be the number of die B.
The one additional day may be any one of the day. x + y = even (given condition )
Therefore, n(A) = 1 Now x = even, y = even or x = odd, y = odd
n(S) = 7 1
Since, Probability of path even or odd is
n (A) 1 2
P(Getting 53 sunday) = = 100
n (S) 7 ∴ For 100 time   is required probability
1
346. When six coins are tossed simultaneously, the 4
probability of getting at least 4 heads is .......... . 349. Each of a and b can take values 1 or 2 with
11 15 equal probability. The probability that the
(a) (b)
64 64 equation ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0 has real roots, is equal
11 15 to
(c) (d)
32 32 1 1
(a) (b)
AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-II 2 4
Ans. (c) : Given, 1 1
(c) (d)
Total possible chances = 26 = 64 8 16
Required probability WB JEE-2013
P( Getting 4 Heads ) + P(Getting 5 Heads ) Ans. (b) : Given, Equation is ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 ....(i)
{THHHHH} + P(Getting 6 Heads {HHHHHH} has real roots
6! 6! 6! Therefore, Discriminate (D) ≥ 0 ....(ii)
2!4! + 1!5! + 6! = 15 + 6 + 1 From equation (ii) we observe that
a has to be 1 and b has to be 2. So, the required
64 64 64 64 64 64
1 1 1
22 11 Probability = × =
= 2 2 4
64 32
350. A bag contains 3 white, 4 black, 2 red balls. If
347. A bag contains books numbered 1 to 20. Three 2 balls are drawn at random, then the
books are drawn from the bag with probability that both the balls are white, is
replacement. The probability that largest 1 1
number on the book is 7. (a) (b)
2 1 18 36
(a) (b) 1 1
17 20 (c) (d)
3 3 3 12 24
 7   7   6 
(c) 1 −   (d)   −   COMEDK-2015
 20   20   20  Ans. (c) : Total number of balls = 9
AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-II Probability of drawn two white balls
Ans. (d) :Given, 3 2 1
The total probability of selecting 3 books and whose = × =
9 8 12
3
 7  351. Two letters are chosen from the letters of the
page number is less than or equal to 7 is   . word ‘EQUATIONS’. The probability that one
 20 
is vowel and the other is consonant is
Total probability of selecting 3 books whose page
3 8 3
 6  (a) (b)
number is less then 7 is   . 9 9
 20  4 5
3 3 (c) (d)
 7   6  9 9
Therefore, required probability =   −   Karnataka CET-2019
 20   20 
Ans. (d) : The word EQUATIONS' has 9 letters among
348. If A and B throw two dice 100 times each
them 5 are vowels and 4 are consonants Threfore,
simultaneously, then the probability that both
Required Probability
of them will get even number as the total at the
same time in all the throws is
5
C ×4 C1 5 × 4 5
= 19 = =
1
100
1
100
C1 9× 4 9
(a)   (b)  
6 4 352. A random variable X has the probability
100 100 distribution
1 3
(c)   (d)   X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 4
AP EAMCET-21.04.2019, Shift-II p(X) 0.15 0.23 0.12 0.10 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.05

Statistics and Probability 1608 YCT

 For the events E = {X is a prime number} and (a) 3/5 (b) 5/6
F = {X < 4}, then P(E ∪ F) is (c) 1/3 (d) 2/3
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.77 J&K CET-2015
(c) 0.35 (d) 0.87 Ans. (b) : Consider the events E1 and E2 and A
BITSAT-2017 1 1
Ans. (b) : P(E) = P(2 or 3 or 5 or 7) P ( E1 ) = , P ( E 2 ) =
= 0.23 + 0.12 + 0.20 + 0.07 = 0.62 2 2
20 ×100 1
P(F) = P(1 or 2 or 3) ∴ P ( E1 / A ) = =
= 0.15 + 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.50 100 ×100 5
P(E ∩ F) = P(2 or 3) = 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.35 20 × 20 1
∴ P(E ∪ F) = P(E) + P(F) − P(E ∩ F) P ( E2 / A ) = =
100 × 100 25
= 0.62 + 0.50 – 0.35 = 0.77
∴ Required probability
353. The probability that Madhu will pass in her
terminal exam is 1/3. The probability that P A / E = P ( E1 / A ) × P ( E1 )
( 1)
Meena will fail in same exam is 3/4. What is the E 
probability that exactly one of them passes in P ( E1 ) × P ( E1 / A ) + P ( E 2 ) × P  2 
this exam ? A
(a) 5/12 (b) 1/4 1 1
(c) 1/6 (d) 11/24 ×
= 2 5
J&K CET-2018 1 1 1 1
2 3 × + ×
Ans. (a) : Probability of both fail in exam = × 2 5 2 25
3 4 100 5
1 1 =
probability of both pass in exam = × 120 6
3 4 356. To open a lock, a key is taken out from a
Therefore, probability that exactly one of them passes in
collection of n key at random. If the lock is not
this exam –
opened with this key, it is put back into the
1 1 5
= 1− − = collection and another key is tried. The process
2 12 12 is repeated again and again. If it is given that
354. A fair coin with two sides ‘head’ and ‘tail’ is with only one key in the collection, the lock can
tossed 6 times. What is the probability that be opened, then the probability that the lock
head turns up at least 4 times? will open in n trials is
(a) 2/3 (b) 11/32 n n
(c) 1/5 (d) 15/32 1  n –1
(a)   (b)  
J&K CET-2019 n  n 
n
1  n –1
Ans. (b) : Probability of getting Head = (c) 1 –   (d) None of these
2  n 
1 J&K CET-2003
,, ,, tail =
2 Ans. (c) : According to question
The probability that head comes up at last 4 times required Probability = 1 – p
4 2 5 1 6 0
1 1 6 1 1 6 1 1  n −1 
n
= C 4     + C5     + C 4    
6
= 1 −
2 2 2 2 2 2  
 n 
1 6
= 6  C4 + 6 C5 + 6 C6  357. A bag contains 21 toys numbered 1 to 21. A toy
2 is drawn and then another toy is drawn without
1 1 6×5  replacement. The probability that both toys
= = 6 + 7 will show even numbers is
 6!  2  2 
26  + 6 + 1 5 3
 4!2!  (a) (b)
22 2 ×11 11 11 21 14
= 6 = 6 = 5 = 11 4
2 2 2 32 (c) (d)
355. A crime is committed by one of two suspects, A 42 21
and B. Initially, there is equal evidence against AP EAMCET-06.07.2022, Shift-I
both of them. In further investigation at the Ans. (b) : We know,
crime scene, it is found that the guilty party
had a blood type found in 20% of the there are 10 even number between 1 and 21 even
population. If the suspect A does match this number
blood type, whereas the blood type of suspect B 10
C2 10 × 9 3
is unknown, then the probability that A is the = = =
guilty party is
21
C2 21× 20 14

Statistics and Probability 1609 YCT

 49 48
358. If E and F are events such that P( F ) = 0.7 AND 54  4  164  1 
P(E ∩ F) = 0.2, then P (E/F) is (c)   (d)  
5 5 25  5 
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/3
JEE Main 12.04.2019, Shift-II
(c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
Ans. (c) Given,
AP EAMCET-06.07.2022, Shift-I n = 50
Ans. (a) : Given, Probability of not solving probability
P ( F ) = 0.7 q = 1 – p = 1–
4
P [ E ∩ F] = 0.2 Probability of solving problem p =
5
P ( E ∩ F) 0.2 0.2 P(X∠ 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
P ( E | F) = = =
P ( F) 1 − 0.7 0.3 0
1 4
50 1
1 4
49
50
C0     + 50 C1    
2 5 5 5 5
P (E/F) = 0 50
3 50 1 4
359. One card is drawn at random from a well = C0  5   5 
shuffled pack of 52 cards. The probability that 50 49
the card drawn is a face card (Jack, Queen and 4 + 50 × 4
King only) is 5 50
5 × 449
(a) 1/13 (b) 3/13 49
 4   4 50  54  4 
49

(c) 1/4 (d) 9/52    +  =  

 5  5 5  5 5
AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-I
362. The probability of a man hitting a target is
Ans. (b) : Given, there are turned face cards in a deck
of 52, card P(face card) = 12 1
. The least number of shots required, so that
Number of face probability of getting a face card P(F) 10
12 3 the probability of his hitting the target at least
= 12 card P ( face card) = = 1
52 13 once is greater than , is
4
360. A multiple choice examination has 5 questions.
Each question has three alternative answers of JEE Main 04.09.2020, Shift-I
which exactly one is correct. The probability
Ans. (3) : Given, Represent by hitting the target = H
that a student will get 4 or more correct
answers just by guessing is and missing the target which is denoted by = M
1
17 13 ∴ The probability of hitting a target P(H) =
(a) 5 (b) 5 10
3 3
9
11 10 And the probability of missing a target P(M) =
(c) 5 (d) 5 10
3 3 Now, P(H) + P(M) = 1
JEE Main-2013 1
So, 1 – probability of all short result in failure >
1 4
Ans. (c) : Probability of getting a correct answer =
3 1  9
n
1   3
9
n

1 3 −1 2 = 1 – P(M) n
> = 1 −   > =   <
And an incorrect answer = 1 − = = 4  10  4  10  4
3 3 3 n≥3
∴ Probability of getting 4 or more correct ∴n=3
4 5
 1   2   1  least number of shorts required so that the probability of
= 5 C 4     + 5 C5   1
3  3 3 his hitting the largest at least one is grater that is 3.
1 11 4
= 5 (10 + 1) = 5 363. A fair coin is tossed n times such that the
3 3
probability of getting at least one head is at
361. For an initial screening of an admission test, a least 0.9. Then the minimum value of n is ..... .
candidate is given fifty problems to solve. If the
probability that the candidate can solve any JEE Main 25.07.2021, Shift-II
4
problem is , then the probability that he is 1
5 Ans. (4) A fair coin is tossed, P (Head) = ,
unable to solve less than two problem is 2
49 48
probability of getting at least one head is at least 0.9
201  1  316  4  P(at least one head) ≥ 0.9
(a)   (b)  
5 5 25  5  1 – p (all tail) ≥ 0.9

Statistics and Probability 1610 YCT

 1
n We know that
Now, 1 –   ≥ 0.9 P ( A ∪ B) = P ( A ) + P ( B) – P ( A ∩ B)
2
1
n 3 4 1
= + –
  ≤ 0.1 6 6 6
2
n 1 2 1 3 + 4 −1 6
1 1 = + – = = =1
  ≤ 2 3 6 6 6
 2  10
P ( A ∪ B) = 1
∴n=4
364. A student appeared in an examination 366. An unbiased coin is tosse(d) If the outcome is a
consisting of 8 true-false type questions. The head, then a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and
student guesses the answers with equal the sum of the numbers obtained on them is
probability. The smallest value of n, so that the note(d). If the toss of the coin results in tail,
probability of guessing at least 'n' correct then a card from a well-shuffled pack of nine
1 cards numbered 1, 2, 3,..... 9 is randomly
answers is less than , is
2 picked and the number on the card is note(d).
(a) 5 (b) 6 The probability that the noted number is either
(c) 3 (d) 4 7 or 8 is
JEE Main 27.07.2021, Shift-II 15 13
Ans. (a) : Given, According to question (a) (b)
n 8− n 8
72 36
1 1 1
P ( x = n ) = Cn     = Cn  
8 8
(c)
19
(d)
19
2 2 2 72 36
8
1
P ( x = n + 1) = C n +1  
8 JEE Main 01.09.2021, Shift-II
 
2 Ans. (c) : According to question
And, sum of number of dice = 7
8
1 (1, 6) , (2, 5), (3, 4)
P ( x = 8 ) = C8  
8
(6, 1) , (5, 2) , (4, 3)
 2
According to question Sum of number of dice = 8
1 (2, 6), (3, 5) (4, 4) , (6, 2) (5, 3)
∴ P(x = n) + P ( x = n + 1) + … + P(x = 8) < 11
2 sum of P ( 7of 8 ) =
1
8 36
=   ( 8 Cn +8 Cn +1 + .... +8 C8 ) <
1
= (Head + dice sum 7 or 8) + ( tail 1 + 7 or 8 appear )
2 2
1  11  1  2  11 1
= 28 − ( 8 C0 +8 C n +1 + ... +8 Cn −1 ) > 27 P (A) =   +   = +
2  36  2  9  36 9
8
C 0 + C1 + .... + C n −1 > 2
8 8 7
19
Minimum value n – 1 = 4 P (A) =
n =5 72
365. A dice is thrown. Let A be the event that the 367. The integers are selected at random from the
number obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the set {1, 2,...., 11}. Given that the sum of selected
event that the number obtained is less than 5. numbers is even, the conditional probability
Then, P(A∪B) is that both the numbers are even is
2 3 2 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
5 5 5 2
(c) 0 (d) 1 7 3
AIEEE-2008 (c) (d)
10 5
Ans. (d) : Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
JEE Main 11.01.2019, Shift-I
i.e. n (s) = 6
Ans. (a) : Let, A be the event that denotes both numbers
3
P (A) = are even, and B be the event that denotes sum of
6 numbers is even
4
P(B) = ( A ) + P ( B) – P ( A ∩ B) Now,
6 n(A) = 5C2 and n(B) = 5C2 + 6C2
A ∩ B = {4} Now, the required probability is
1  A  P ( A ∩ B)
P ( A ∩ B) = P  =
6 B P ( B)

Statistics and Probability 1611 YCT

 A C2 5 22 43
P  = (c) (d)
B C2 11 81 162
6
C 2 + 5 C2 JEE Main 22.07.2021, Shift-II
11 Ans. (d) : Given, Total matrices = 64
C2
Number of matrices with distinct entries
A 10
P  = = 6 ×5 ×4 ×3 = 360
 B  15 + 10 Number of singular matrices with distinct entries
A 2 (1, 2, 3, 6) or (4, 2, 3, 6) = 8 + 8 = 16
P  =
B 5 Favorable cases = 360 – 16 = 344
368. Let EC denote the complement of and event E. 344 43
So, Required probability = 4 =
Let E1, E2 and E3 be any pair wise independent 6 162
events with P(E1) > 0 and P(E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3) = 0. 371. A problem in Mathematics is given to three
Then P ( EC2 ∩ EC3 /E1 ) is equal to students A, B, C and their respective
(a) P ( E C2 ) + P ( E 3 ) (b) P ( E C3 ) − P ( E C2 )
probability of solving the problem is
1 1 1
(c) P ( E 3 ) − P ( E 2C ) (d) P ( E 3C ) − P ( E 2 )
, and . Probability that the problem is
2 3 4
JEE Main 02.09.2020, Shift-II solved, is
Ans. (d) : Given, (a) 3/4 (b) 1/2
(c) 2/3 (d) 1/3
 E C ∩ E 3C  P ( E 2 ∩ E 3 ∩ E1 )
C C

P 2 = AIEEE-2002

 E1  P ( E1 ) Ans. (a) : Let, A, B, C denote the events that P(A),
P ( E1 ) – P ( E1 ∩ E 2 ) – P ( E1 ∩ E 3 ) + ( E1 ∩ E 2 ∩ E 3 ) P(B), P(C) solves the problem in mathematics
= 1 1 1
P ( E1 ) ∴ P ( A ) = , P ( B) = , P ( C ) =
2 3 4
P ( E1 ) – P ( E1 ) .P ( E 2 ) – P ( E1 ) ⋅ P ( E 3 ) + 0 1 1
=
P ( E1 ) P (A) = 1− =
2 2
= 1 – P (E2) – P(E2) 1 2
P ( B) = 1 − =
= [1 – P(E3) – P(E2)] = P ( E 3C ) − P ( E 2 ) 3 3

P ( C) = 1 − =
369. A die thrown two times and the sum of the 1 3
scores appearing on the die is observed to be a 4 4
multiple of 4. Then the conditional probability Therefore, the required probability
that the score 4 has appeared at least once is
= 1 − P ( A ) .P ( B ) , P ( C )
1 1
(a) (b)
4 3 1 2 3 1 3
= 1− . . = 1− =
1 1 2 3 4 4 4
(c) (d)
8 9 372. A and B play a game, where each is asked to
JEE Main 03.09.2020, Shift-I select a number from 1 to 25. If the two
Ans. (d) : Given, A = sum obtained is a multiple of 4 numbers match, both of them win a prize. The
A = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (2, 6), (3, 5) (4, 4) (5, 3) , probability that they will not win a prize in a
(6,2), (6, 6) single trial, is
B = score of 4 has at least once B = 1 24
(a) (b)
(1, 4 ) , ( 2,4 ) , ( 3, 4 ) , ( 4,4 ) , ( 5, 4 ) , ( 6,4 ) , ( 4,6 ) , ( 4,5 )  25 25
 
( 4,3) , ( 4, 2 ) , ( 4,1)
2
 (c) (d) None of these
25
 B  P ∩ A 1/ 36 1
Required probability P   = = = AIEEE-2002
 A  P ( A ) 9 / 36 9 Ans. (b) : The total number of ways in which number
370. Four dice are thrown simultaneously and the can be choosed = 25 × 25 = 625
numbers shown on these dice are recorded in The number of ways in which either players can be
2× 2 matrices. The probability that such choose same numbers = 25
formed matrices have all different entries and
Probability of not winning prize in a signal trial =
are non singular, is
1 24
45 23 1− =
(a) (b) 25 25
162 81
Statistics and Probability 1612 YCT
373. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in Ans. (a) : Given,
succession. The probabilities of I and Ii scoring mentioned that boxes are different and one particular
a hit correctly are 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The box has 3 bolls, consider the random experiment of
second plane will bomb only if the first misses choosing a particular box at random box
the target. The probability that the target is hit Repeat the experiment 12 times The 12 trails are
by the second plane, is
1 2
(a) 0.06 (b) 0.14 Bernoulli trails with P = ,q = and n = 12
(c) 0.32 (d) 0.7 3 3
AIEEE-2007 The required probability of 3 successes in 12 trails
11
Ans. (c) : Given, The probability of aeroplane I hittign
12
C3 × 29 55  2 
P (x = 3) = =  
the target = P(A) = 0.3 312 3 3
The probability of aeroplalne II and hitting correctly 376. An urn contains 5 red marbles, 4 black marbles
P(B) = 0.2 and 3 white marbles. Then the number of ways
Q P ( A ) = 0.7, P ( B ) = 0.8 in which 4 marbles can be drawn so that at the
Now, probability of aeroplane I hitting the target in most three of them are red is .....
first turn = P(A) JEE Main 08.01.2020, Shift-I
The probability of aeroplae II hitting the target in first Ans. (490) : A urn contain 5 red . 4 black and 3 white
turn = P ( A ) .P ( B ) and in a single draw we get at most 3 red balls
∴ Number of ways to select at 3 red ball
∴ The probability that the target is hit by the second = ( 0 red ball + other 3 balls ) + ( 1 red ball + other 3
plane balls ) + ( 2 red ball + other 2 balls ) + (3red ball + 1
P ( A ) .P ( B ) + P ( A ) × P ( B ) × P ( A ) × P ( B ) + ..... other ball)
= number of ways to select 4 balls No of select 4 red
= 0.7 × 0.2 + 0.7 × 0.8 × 0.7 × 0.2 + ....
balls
= 0.14 1 + 0.56 + 2 ( 0.56 ) + .... = 12C4 – 5C4
∴ This is a geometric progression So, the required 12 × 11× 10 × 9
= − 5 = (11 × 5 × 9) – 5 = 495 − 5 = 490
probability 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
 1   1  377. In a game two players A and B take turns in
= 0.14   = 0.14 ⋅  = 0.318  0.32
 1 − 0.56   0.44  throwing a pair of fair dice starting with player
374. Three houses are available in a locality. Three A and total of scores on the two dice, in each
persons apply for the houses. Each applies for throw is note(d) A wins the game if he throws a
one house without consulting others. The total of 6 before B throws a total of 7 and B
probability that all the three apply for the same wins the game if he throws a total of 7 before A
house, is throws a total of six. The game stops as soon as
7 8 either of the players wins. The probability of A
(a) (b) winning the game is
9 9
31 30
1 2 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 61 61
9 9
5 5
AIEEE-2005 (c) (d)
31 6
Ans. (c) : Number of favorable case = No. of house = 3
No. of applicants = 3 JEE Main 04.09.2020, Shift-II
∴ Total no of cases = 33 Ans. (b) : Probability of getting sum 7 is
(Because each candidate can apply in 3 ways ) sum 7 = {(1, 6 )( 2,5 )( 3, 4 )( 4,3)( 5, 2 )( 6,1)}
3 1
∴ Required probability = 3 = 6
P (7) =
3 9 36
375. If 12 identical balls are to be placed in 3 Similarly
identical boxes, then the probability that one of Probability of getting 6 in
the boxes contains exactly 3 balls, is
55  2 
11
2
10 sum (6) = {(1,5)( 2, 4 )( 3,3)( 4, 2 )( 5,1)}
(a)   (b) 55  
3 3 3 5
P (6) =
12 11 36
1 1
(c) 220   (d) 22   Now, the probability of A wining the game
 3 3
P ( A win ) = P(6) + P ( 6 ) .P ( 7 ) .P ( 6 ) + ......
JEE Main-2015
Statistics and Probability 1613 YCT
 5  31 30 5  380. Two dices are rolled (d) If both dices have six
= +  × ×  + ..... faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11, then the
36  36 36 36 
probability that the sum of the numbers on the
5 5 top faces is less than or equal to 8 is
36 36 30
= = 4 17
31× 30 36 × 36 − 31× 30 61 (a) (b)
1− 9 36
36 × 36 36 × 36
30 5 1
∴ The probability of A winning the game = (c) (d)
61 12 2
JEE Main 17.03.2021, Shift-I
378. The coefficients a, b and c of the quadratic
equations, ax2 + bx + c = 0 are obtained by Ans. (b) : Two dice are rolled . Therefore, total no. of
throwing a dice three times. The probability out comes = 62 = 36
that this equations has equal roots is ∴ n(S) = 36
1 5 The numbers on the faces the dice are 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
(a) (b)
72 216 The possible case when the sum of he digits ≤ 8 with
1 1 the combination of
(c) (d) ( 1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 5) (1, 7) (2, 3) (2, 5), (3, 5)
36 54
Hence, the ordered pair with the combination or digits
JEE Main 25.02.2021, Shift-I
are
Ans. (b) : We have, ax2 + bx +c = 0 and a,b,c 1, 2, 3, 4
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 5) (1, 7) (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5)
5, 6
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 5) (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (7, 1)
∴ Total out comes = 6 × 6 × 6
∴ Number of ordered pair = 17
For real roots , b2 = 4ac
Number of ordered pairs
b2 So, required probability =
∴ ac = ,if b = 2,ac = 1 a = 1, c = 1 n (S)
4
If b = 4, ac = 4 n (E) 17
= =
a = 1, c = 4 n (S) 36
a = 4,. c = 1
a = 2, c = 2 381. The probability of selecting integers a ∈ [–5,
If b = 6 , ac = 9 , a 3, c = 3 30] such that x2 + 2(a+4)x–5a+64>0, for all
x∈R, is
∴ Favorable case = 5
5 7 2
So, required probability = (a) (b)
216 36 9
379. A seven digit number is formed using digits 3, 1 1
(c) (d)
3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5. The probability, that number so 6 4
formed is divisible by 2, is JEE Main 20.07.2021, Shift-I
6 1 Ans. (b) : Given, integers a ∈ [–5, 30]
(a) (b)
7 7 ∴ Total number of out comes (n(S)) = 36
3 4 Now, x2 + 2( a + 4)x – 5a + 64) = 0
(c) (d)
7 7 D<0
JEE Main 26.02.2021, Shift-II or [4(a + 4)]2 – 4[64 – 5a] < 0
Ans. (c) : Total number of outcomes is the number of or a2 + 16 + 8a + 5a – 64 < 0
ways in which the seven digit number formed is a2 + 13a – 48 < 0
7! (a + 16) (a – 3) < 0
r (s ) =
2!3!2! – 16< a < 3
Now, no of ways in which the seven digit no is ∴ Possible values of a are
divisible by 2 is –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0 1, 2
6! ∴ Number of favorable case (n(E)) = 8
n (E) =
2!2!2! So, required Probability
n ( E ) 6! 2!3!2! 3 n (E) 8 2
∴ Required probability = = × = = = =
n ( S ) 7! 2!2!2! 7 n ( S ) 36 9

Statistics and Probability 1614 YCT

382. When a certain biased die is rolled, a particular 2 1
1 (a) (b)
face occurs with probability − x and its 7 18
6 1 1
1 (c) (d)
opposite face occurs with probability + x . All 7 9
6 JEE Main 01.09.2021, Shift-II
other faces occur with probability 1/6. Note Ans. (b) : Required probability
that opposite faces sum is 7 in any die. If But of 64 squares two squares are selected
1 = 64C2 ways
0<x< , and the probability of obtaining total
6 Number of ways of selecting the pair the common side
sum = 7, when such a die is rolled twice is 1
13/96, then the value of x is =
2
(a) 1/16 (b) 1/8 Favorable cases = 4(2)+ 24 (3) + 36 ( 4) = 112
(c) 1/9 (d) 1/12
112 1
JEE Main 27.08.2021, Shift-I Hence, the required probability = =
Ans. (b) : Here, Probability of getting ] 32 × 36 18
total sum 7 = Probability of getting opposite faces 385. The probability that a randomly chosen 5-digit
∴ Probability of obtaining total sum = 7 number is made from exactly two digits is
 1  1  1 1 1 1 121 134
2.  − x  + x  + . + .  (a) 4
(b)
10 104
 6  6  6 6 6 6
150 135
1 2  13 (c) (d)
2.  − x 2 +  = 104 104
 36 36  96 JEE Main 03.09.2020, Shift-II
3 3 Ans. (d) : Total number of cases = 9 × 104
−2x 2 + 2 × =
36 96 ( 9 for first place and 10 for rest 4 places)
6 13 1 13 Case 1: Choose two now zero digits in 9C2 ways
∴ 2x 2 = − = − ∴ Number of 5– digit numbers containing both digits =
36 96 6 96
25 – 2
96 − 13 × 6 18 3 1 2 for two case to here all number are same like 55555
= = = =
8 × 96 96 × 96 96 32 Case 2: Choose one non zero and one zero the number
1 of 5- digit number containing one non-zero both = 24 –1
∴ x2 = ∴ Number of favorable case = 9C1
64 9
C2 (25 – 2) + 9C1 ( 24 – 1)
1 = 1080 + 135 = 1215
x=
8 1215 135
383. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,}. Then, the probability ∴ The required probability = 9 × 104 = 104
that a randomly chosen onto function g from S
to S satisfies g(3) = 2g(1) is 386. The chances to fail in Physics are 20% and the
chances to fail in Mathematics are 10%. What
1 1 1 1 are the chances to fail in atleast one subject?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 15 5 30 (a) 82% (b) 38%
JEE Main 31.08.2021, Shift-II (c) 28% (d) 72%
Ans. (a) : Given S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Jamia Millia Islamia-2015
Total no. of onto functions = 6! Ans. (c) : Let Probability of failing in physics is
Q g(3) = 2g(1) 20 1
∴(g(1), g(3))= (1, 2) or (2,4) or (3, 6) P ( A) = =
100 5
In each case number of onto functions = 4! and probability of failing in mathematics
∴ Required Probability 10 1
3.4! 3 1 is = = P ( B)
= = = 100 10
6! 6 × 5 10 ∴ P(A ∪B) = P (A) + P(B) – P(A∩ B)
384. Two squares are chosen at random on a 1 1
chessboard (see figure). The probability that = + − P ( A ) .P ( B )
they have a side in common is 5 10
1 1 1 1 15 − 1 14
= + − . = =
5 10 6 10 50 50
∴ Chance to fail in at least one subject.
14
= ×100 = 28%
50
Statistics and Probability 1615 YCT
387. Three dice are thrown together. The 1 1
probability that all will show even number is (a) (b)
2 3
(a) 3/216 (b) 9/216
1 1
(c) 27/216 (d) None of these (c) (d)
CG PET-2021 4 6
Rajasthan PET-2012
Ans. (c) : Three dice are thrown together.
Ans. (a) : Given that,
∴ Total No. of outcomes = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216
P(A) = P(B) = x
There are three even numbers called 2, 4, 6.
No. of cases when all will show even number, i.e (2,2,2) and P(A∩B) = P(A'∩B') = 1
(2,4,6)(2,6,4) 3
Like this, we will have 3 × 3 × 3 possibilities. We know by De morgan's theorem.
∴ Required probability P(A ∪ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
n ( E ) 27 1 − P ( A ∪ B)
= =
n ( S ) 216
1
388. The least number of times a fair coin must be ∴ 3 = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
tossed so that the probability of getting at least
1
one head is at least 0.8 is ∴ = 1 − P ( A ∪ B)
(a) 7 (b) 6 3
(c) 5 (d) 3 ∴ P ( A ∪ B) = P ( A ) + P ( B) − P ( A ∩ B)
Manipal UGET-2010
2 1
Ans. (d) : Let total No. of tosses is n. probability of =x+x−
1 3 3
getting head in one toss =
2
∴ 2x = 1
∴probability of getting at least the head in n tosses is 1
x=
1 – p (x = 0) = 1–nC0 (1–P)n 2
1 391. The chance of throwing a total of 3 or 5 or 11
= 1–1. n ≥ 0.8 with two dice is
2
1 (a) 5/36 (b) 1/9
⇒ n ≤ 0.2 (c) 2/9 (d) 19/36
2
Rajasthan PET-2011
1
Now, if n = 1, = 0.5 Ans. (c) : Here, we have the total of 3 or 5 or 11 with
2' two dice .
1 Favorable case
n = 2, 2 = 0.25
2 { (1, 2) , (2, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (5, 6), (6, 5) }
1 1
n = 3, 3 = = 0.125 < 0.2 ∴ No of favorable case = 8
2 8 ∴ n(E) = 8
∴Minimum no. of tosses required is 3. and Total outcomes = 36 (n(S))
389. 100 tickets are numbered 1 to 100. One ticket is n(E) 8 2
selected randomly. The probability that the ∴ Required probability = = =
number appearing on a selected ticket be a n(S) 36 9
perfect square, is 392. The probability that at least one of the events A
1 2 3
(a) (b) and B occurs is . If A and B occur
5 5 5
1 1
(c) (d) None of these simultaneously with probability , then P
10 5
Rajasthan PET-2006 ( A ) + P ( B ) is
Ans. (c) : Given the numbers 1 to 100
Here, perfect squares are 2 4
(a) (b)
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 , 100 5 5
∴ No. of favourabe case are 10 (n(E)) 6 7
Total no. of out comes = 100(n(S)) (c) (d)
5 5
n ( E ) 10 1 Rajasthan PET-2010
∴ Required Probability = = =
n ( S ) 100 10 3
Ans. (c) : Given, P (AUB) =
390. If P (A) = P (B) = x and 5
1 1
P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A '∩ B ' ) = , then x is equal to And P (A∆B) =
3 5
Statistics and Probability 1616 YCT
We know that, 396. A card is drawn from a pack of cards. The
P ( A U B) = P ( A ) + P ( B) – P ( A I B ) probability that this card is diamond or ace, is
4 17
By De morgain's law. (a) (b)
( )
13 52
P ( A ∩ B ) = P A ∩ B = 1– P ( A ∪ B ) 1 1
(c) (d)
3 2 52 13
=1– =
5 5 Rajasthan PET-2003
( )
∴ P ( A ∩ B) = P A ∪ B + P ( A ∩ B) Ans. (a) : Total no. of diamonds is 13, and total No. of
aces are 4. But the aces is diamond also.
4 2 6
= + = ∴ No. of favorable cases
5 5 5 = 13 – 1 + 4 = 16 = n(E)
393. If a pair of two fair dice is thrown, then the Total No. of cards in a pack is 52 = n(S)
probability of getting the sum 5 on both dice is n ( E ) 16 4
5 1 ∴ Required probability = = =
(a) (b) n ( S) 52 13
36 12
1 1 397. A die is rolled three times. The probability of
(c) (d) getting a larger number than the previous
18 9 number is
Rajasthan PET-2009
5 5
Ans. (d) : Here, Two fair dice are thrown. We have to (a) (b)
get sum = 5 216 54
∴ Favorable case are 1 5
(1, 4) , (4, 1) (2, 3) , (3, 2) (c) (d)
6 36
∴ No. of favorable case n(E) = 4 Manipal UGET-2020
Total out comes = 36 = n(S)
Ans. (b) : Given that:-
n (E) 4 1 A die is rolled three times.
∴Required probability = = =
n ( S ) 36 9 Then, cardinality of sample space = 63
394. Two cards are drawn one by one from a pack Now, the favorable outcomes is-
of 52 cards. The probability that these axes, is ={(1,2,3), (1,2,4), (1,2,5), (1,2,6), (1,3,4), (1,3,5),
1 1 (1,3,6), (1,4,5), (1,4,6), (1,5,6), (2,3,4), (3,4,5), (2,3,6),
(a) (b) (2,4,5), (2,4,6), (3,4,5), (3,4,6), (4,5,6), (2,5,6), (3,5,6)}
26 221
20 5
(c)
2
(d) None of these ∴ Required probability = 3 =
21 6 54
Rajasthan PET-2003 398. A dice is tossed once and even number has
Ans. (b) : First card is drawn and it is an ace. come up. The probability that it is either 2 or 4
4 is
C 4
∴ It probability = 52 1 = 1 2
C1 52 (a) (b)
Now, remaining cards are 51 3 3
3 1 3
C 3 (c) (d)
∴ Probability of getting found card as ace = 51 1 = 2 4
C1 51 Assam CEE-2018
∴ Required Probability Ans. (a) : A dice is tossed once probability that it is
4 3 1 1 1 either 2 or 4.
= × = × = Here, No. of favorable cases = 2 = n (E)
52 51 13 17 221
395. The probability of occurring 1 or 6 when a dice Total No. of outcomes = 6 = n(s)
is thrown, is 2 1
∴ Required probability is =
1 1 6 3
(a) (b)
6 36 399. Three numbers are chosen at random without
2 1 replacement from {1, 2, 3,…8}. The
(c) (d)
3 3 probability that their minimum is 3, given that
Rajasthan PET-2003 their maximum is 6, is
Ans. (d) : Favourable case are 1 or 6. 1 3
∴ No. of favourable case = 2 (n(E)) (a) (b)
4 8
and Total outcomes = 6 = n(S)
3 1
n (E) 2 1 (c) (d)
∴ Required probability = = = 4 5
n ( S) 6 3
Assam CEE-2019
Statistics and Probability 1617 YCT
Ans. (d) : Let us assume 5
A → maximum is 6 ∴ Probability of getting different face is
6
B → minimum is 3 If B has to win then the process is continue like
5C 6
P(A) = 2 = A win + ( Anot win )( Bnot win )( A win )
8C 3 6
5C 2 + ( A not win )( Bnot win )( A not win )( B win ) ....
P(B) =
8C3 5 5 5
P = + 3 + 5 + ...
2C1 6 6 6
P ( A I B) = 5
8C3 This form G. P . with first term and common ration.
P ( AnB ) 2C 1 2 1 6
∴P(B/A) = = = = 5/6 5/6 6
P (A) 5C2 10 5 ∴ P= = =
1 35 / 36 7
400. Six boys and six girls are sitting in a row. The 1−
probability that all 6 girls sit together, is 36
403. Two points are randomly chosen on the
1 1 circumference of a circle of radius r. The
(a) (b)
102 112 probability that the distance between the two
1 1 points is at least r is equal to
(c) (d) (a) 2/π (b) sin r
122 132
Rajasthan PET-2004 (c) 1/2 (d) 2/3
Ans. (d) : It is given that there are 6 boys and 6 girls KVPY SB/SX-2009
∴ No of ways in which 6 boys and 6 girls sit together Ans. (d) : Choose a random point on the circumference
in a row = 7! the second point can be placed anywhere on the
6 girls sitting arrangements = 6! circumference except tor within 60 degrees to the left or
right of the initial point
7!6! 1 Let us draw the figure
∴ Required probability = =
12! 132
401. Two dice are thrown together. The probability
of getting the sum 7 is
7 1
(a) (b)
36 36
1 According to the figure drawn, required
(c) (d) None of these
6
Probability =
( 360° – 120°) = 240 = 2
Rajasthan PET-2004 360° 360 3
Ans. (c) : Probability are 404. A fair coin is tossed 100 times. The probability
= (1, 6) (6, 1) (3, 4) (4, 3) (2, 5) (5, 2) of getting tails an odd number of times is
∴No. of favorable cases = 6 = n(E) 1 1
No. of total outcomes = 36 (a) (b)
2 4
6 1
∴ Required probability = = 1 3
36 6 (c) (d)
8 8
402. Two person A and B throw a (fair) die (six-
faced cube with faces numbered from 1 to 6) AP EAMCET-2012
alternately, starting with A. The first person to Ans. (a) : Let X be the event of getting tail.
get an outcome different from the previous one ∴ Required probability
by the opponent wins. The probability that B = P (x = 1) + P(x = 3) + …..+P(x = 99)
wins is  1  1 
99
1
100
1
100

5 6 = 100C1    + 100C3   + ...... + 100C99  

(a) (b)  2  2  2 2
6 7
7 8 100C1 + 100C3 + ........ + 100C 99 1
100
1
(c) (d) = 100
= 299   =
8 9 2  
2 2
KVPY SB/SX-2014 405. In an entrance test there are multiple choice
Ans. (b) : A rolls a dice , the probability of any face is questions. There are four possible answers to
6 each question, of which one is correct. The
=1 probability that a student know the answer to a
6 question is 9/10. If he gets the correct answer to
If B has to win , his dice must show different face from a question, then the probability that he was
that of A guessing is
Statistics and Probability 1618 YCT
 37 1 5
C ×1 5
(a) (b) P ( E4 ) = 8 4 =8
40 37 C4 C4
36 1 3 2 1
(c)
37
(d)
9 Now, P ( A / E1 ) = , P ( A / E 2 ) = , P ( A / E 3 ) =
4 4 4
AP EAMCET-2012
Ans. (b) : Let us define the following events P ( A / E 4) = 0
A1 : He know's the answer  E1  P ( E1 ) .P ( A / E1 )
Q P  =
A2 : He does not know the answer  A  P ( E1 ) ,P ( A / E1 ) + P ( E 2 ) .P ( A / E 2 ) + P ( E 3 ) .P ( A / E3 ) + P ( E 4 ) .P ( A )
E : He gets the correct answer 5 3
∴ P(A1) = 9/10 8
×
C4 4
1 =
P ( A2 ) = 5 3 30 2 30 1
× + × + × +0
10 8
C4 4 8 C4 4 8 C 4 4
P (E/A1) = 1
1 15 15 3 1
P ( E / A1 ) = = = = =
4 15 + 60 + 30 105 21 7
∴ Required probability 407. If three numbers are drawn at random
successively without replacement from a set S =
 E 
P ( A 2 ) .P   {1,2,....10}, then the probability that the
 A2  minimum of the chosen numbers is 3 or their
= P ( A2 / E ) =
 E   E  maximum is 7.
P ( A1 ) .P   + P ( A 2 ) .P   11 5
 A1   A2  (a) (b)
40 40
1 1
× 3 1
10 4 1 (c) (d)
= = 40 40
9 1 1 37
×1 + × AP EAMCET-2017
10 10 4
406. A bag P contains 5 white marbles and 3 black Ans. (a) : Let A and B denote the following events.
marbles. Four marbles are drawn at random A: minimum of chosen number is 3
from P and are put in an empty bag Q. if a B: maximum of chosen number is 7
marble drawn at random from Q is found to be P(A) : P(choosing 3 and two other numbers from 4 to 10)
black then the probability that all the three 7
black marbles in P are transferred to the bag Q C 7! 7
= 10 2 = =
is C3 5!4! 40
1 6 10!
(a) (b)
7 7 3!7!
1 7 P(B) P(choosing 7 and two other numbers from 1 to 6)
(c) (d)
8 8 6
C2 6! 1
AP EAMCET-2017 10
= =
C3 2!4! 8
Ans. (a) : We have
10!
3!7!
P ( A I B ) = P (choosing 3 and 7 and one other number
from 4 to 6)
Let us define the following events 3 3 3× 3× 2 1
E 1: 1W 3B = = =
10
C3 10! 10 × 9 × 8 40
E2 : 2W 2B
10!
E 3: 3W 1B
E4 4W 0B 3!7!
A : marbles drawn form Bag a is black P ( A I B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P ( A I B )
5
C1 ×3 C3 30
∴ P (E) = 8 =8 =
7 1 1 11
+ – =
C4 C4 40 8 40 40
5
C2 ×3 C2 30 408. Three unbiased coins are tossed. Then, the
P ( E2 ) = 8
=8 probability of getting at most two heads is:
C4 C4
(a) 3/4 (b) 1/4
5
C3 ×3 C2 30
P ( E3 ) = 8
= 8 (c) 3/8 (d) 7/8
Cl4 C4 AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1619 YCT
Ans. (d) : Three coins are tossed. Ans. (d) : Here, Number of favorable case
∴ Probability of getting all this heads 4
C1 × 4C1 ×4C1 = n(E)
1 1 1 1 Total no. of outcome = 52C3 = n(S)
= × × =
2 2 2 8 n ( E ) 4 C1 ×4 C1 ×4 C1
∴ Required probability =
∴ Probability of getting at most n (S) 52
C3
1 7 4× 4× 4 16
two heads = 1 − = =
8 8 52! 5525
409. A bag contains 3 white, 2 blue and red balls. 49!3!
One ball is drawn at random from this bag. 412. Three students X, Y and Z appear for an
Then, the probability that the ball drawn is not examination. The probability of X passing the
red is
(a) 3/10 (b) 1/5 1
examination is , the probability of Y passing
(c) 1/2 (d) 4/5 5
AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-II 1
the examination is and the probability of Z
Ans. (c) : A bag contains 3, white, 2 blue, 5 Red ball 4
total number of ball → 3 + 2 + 5 = 10 2
1 Ball is selected from the bag ⇒ 10C1 failing the examination is . The probability
3
and 1 ball selected which is not Red ⇒ C1 5
that at least two of them pass the exam is
Now required probability,
5 1 2 3 3
C (a) (b) (c) (d)
= 10 1 6 5 4 5
C1 AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-II
5 × 4! Ans. (a) : Given,
1! 4! 5 5 1 1
= = = = P(x) = i.e , probability of x passing the exam is
10 × 9! 10 10 2 5
1!× 9! Similarly
410. From a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, two 1
cards are drawn at random. Then the P ( y ) = 4
probability of both the cards being kings is
1
1 25 P(z) =
(a) (b) 3
15 57 1 4
35 1 ∴ P (X) = 1− =
(c) (d) 5 5
256 221
AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-II P ( y ) = 3 and P ( z ) = 2
Ans. (d) : Two cards can be drawn from a pack of 52 4 3
playing card. ∴ Probability of at least two of them pass the exam
⇒ = P(x) P(y) . P ( z ) + P ( x ) + P ( x ) + P ( y ) .P ( z )
52
C2 ways
52 × 51 + P ( x ) .P ( y ) .P ( z ) + P ( x ) .P ( y ) .P ( z )
= = 1326 ways
2 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 1
The possibility of 2 card are king from 4 king card. = × × + . . + × × + × ×
From 4 king card 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3
4
Then, C2 ways 10 1
= =
4×3 5 × 4 × 3 6
= = 6 way 413. If A and B are two events such the P (A) ≠ 0
2
Required probability that two card drawn a pack of 52
card are king.
B ( )
and P A = 1, then _____
(a) B ⊂ A (b) B = ∅
6 1
= = (c) A = ∅ (d) A ⊂ B
1326 221 GUJCET-2021
411. From a pack of 52 cards, 3 cards are drawn at
random. Then the probability that one is ace, Ans. (d): P  B  = 1
 
one is queen and one is jack is A
19 21 P(B ∩ A)
(a) (b) =1
5525 5525 P(A)
17 16 P (B ∩ A) = P (A)
(c) (d) So,
5525 5525
AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-II A⊂B

Statistics and Probability 1620 YCT

414. For two mutually exclusive events A and B if II. A and B are mutually exclusive
1 3 III. P(A/B) + P(A/B) = 1
P(A) = , P(A ∪ B) = and P(B') = p , then p =
2 5 Then
________ (a) Only I is correct
1 9 (b) Only I and II are correct
(a) (b) (c) Only I and III are correct
5 10
(d) Only II and III are correct
2 1 TS EAMCET-2016
(c) (d)
5 10
GUJCET-2021 Ans. (a) : Given, for two events A and B P ( A ) = 1
1 3 4
Ans. (b): P(A) = P (A ∪ B) = P(B') = p B 1
2 5 and P   =
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) A 2
∵ It is mutually exclusive events then P (A ∩ B) = 0  B  P ( A ∩ B)
So, We know P   =
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B)
A (A)
1 1 1
3 1 Q P ( B' ) = p  ⇒ P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) .P ( B / A ) = . =
= + (1 − p)   4 2 8
5 2 1 − p = P ( B )  Q P ( A ∩ B) ≠ 0
3 1 Events A and B are not mutually exclusive .
– = (1 − p)
5 2 P ( A ∩ B)
1 P ( A / B) =
= 1− p P ( B)
10
P ( A ∩ B ) 1/ 8 1
p = 1−
1 ∴ P ( B) = = =
P ( A / B ) 1/ 4 2
10
1 1
p=
9 ∴ P ( B) = 1 − =
10 2 2
P (A) = 1− =
1 3
6 5 7
415. If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∪ B) = , then 4 4

( )
11
P A B = ______
11 11
∴ P ( A / B) =
( )
P A∩B
P ( B)
4 2
(a)
5
(b)
3 ( P A∪B ) (By de morgan's theorem )
(c)
4
(d)
2 P ( B)
11 11 Now, P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
GUJCET-2021
6 5 7 1 1 1 5
Ans. (a): P(A) = P(B) = P (A ∪ B) = = + − =
11 11 11 4 2 8 8
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
7 6 5
( )
∴ P A ∪ B = 1− =
5 3
8 8
= + − P(A ∩ B)
3/8 3
∴ P ( A / B) =
11 11 11
=
11 7 4 1/ 2 4
P(A ∩ B) = − =
11 11 11 ∴ I is correct
 
P =
A P (A ∩ B) 4 /11 P ( A ∩ B)
B P(B)
=
5 /11 ( )
Again, P A / B =
P ( B)
A 4
P = 1 1
B 5 P ( A ) − P ( A ∩ B) −
= = 4 8
416. Two events A and B are such that P ( B) 1/ 2
1 1 1
P(A) = , P(A/B) = and P(B/A) = . 1/ 8 1
4 4 2 = =1
Consider the following statements: 1/ 2 4
3 A A 1 1 1
I. P(A/B) = Now, P   + P   = + =
4 B B 4 4 2

Statistics and Probability 1621 YCT

417. A five digit number is formed by the digits 1, 2, Ans. (d) : Let the probability of a ship reaching B safely
3, 4, 5 with no digit being repeated. The be P. probability of not reaching safely be q.
probability that the number is divisible by 4, is Then, p = 0.9 and q = 1 – p = 0.1
1 2 ∴ The probability of at least 4 reaching safely = P(x =
(a) (b)
5 5 4) + p(x = 5)
3 4 = 5C1. (0.1)(0.9)4 + 5C5 (0.9)5
(c) (d) = (1.4) (0.9)4
5 5
TS EAMCET-2016 421. In a certain college, 4 % of men and 1% of
Ans. (a) : The number is divisible by 4 when it ends women are taller than 1.8 m. Also, 60% of
with 12, 24, 32, 52 The number of possibilities in each students are women. If a student selected at
of these cases is 3! As the digits at the and tens place random is found to be taller than 1.8 m, then
are fixed and the rest 3 digits can be choose in 3! Ways. the probability that the student being a woman
is
∴ Total possibility for digit to be
Divisible by 4 = 4 × 3! (a) 3/11 (b) 5/11
= 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 (c) 6/11 (d) 8/11
24 1 TS EAMCET-2015
∴ Required probability = = Ans. (a) : Let total No. of students be 1000
5! 5
418. When a pair of six faced fair dice are thrown, ∴ No. of women = 60% of 1000 = 600
the probability that the sum of the numbers on And No of men = 40% of 1000 = 400
the two dice is greater than 7, is Now, 4% of men are taller than 1.8m.
1 5 4 × 400
(a) (b) ∴ No. of men taller than 1.8m = = 16
3 12 100
1 1 1% of women are taller than 1.8m
(c) (d) 1
2 4 = × 600 = 6
TS EAMCET-2016 100
Ans. (b) : Numbers greater than 7 are 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. One student is selected at random,
∴ Favourable cases are Probability that- it is a women
{(2,6),(6,2)(3,5),(5,3),(4,4),(3,6),(6,3),(4,5),(5,4) PC ( W > 1.8 )
(5,5)(6,4)(4,6)(6,5)(5,6),(6,6)} =
P ( w > 1.8 ) + P ( M < 1.8 )
∴ Number of favourable cases are 15 = (n(E))
Total No. of outcomes = 36 = n(s) 6 /1000 6 3
= = =
15 5 6 /100 + 16 /1000 22 11
∴ Required probability = =
36 12 422. If A and B are two events such that P (A/B) =
419. In a family with 4 children, the probability that 0.6, P (B/A) = 0.3 and P (A) = 0.1, Then P
there are atleast two girls is ( A ∩ B ) equals
1 9 (a) 0.88 (b) 0.12
(a) (b)
2 16 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.4
3 11 TS EAMCET-2015
(c) (d)
4 16 Ans. (a) : By de-morgan's law.
TS EAMCET-2016
Ans. (d) : Here, each of the four children can either be a
(
P ( A I B) = P A U B )
boy or a girl = 1– P ( A U B )
∴ Total No. of outcomes = 24 = 16 = n(S)
P ( A I B)
No. of outcomes that at least 2 out of 4 children are Now, P(A/B) = ….(i)
girls. P ( B)
= 4C2 + 4C3 + 4C4 P ( A I B)
= 6 + 4 + 1 = 1, = n(E) And P(B/A) =
P (A)
n ( E ) 11
∴ Required probability = = ∴ P ( A I B ) = P(A) × P(B/A) = 0.1 × 03 = 0.03
n ( S) 16
420. On an average nine out of 10 ships that have From …(i), P(B) = P ( A I B ) = 0.03 = 0.05
departed at A reach B safely. The probability P ( A / B) 0.6
that out of five ships that have departed at A at
least four will reach B safely is Now, P ( A U B ) = A ( A ) + P ( B ) – P ( A I B )
5 5
(a) 14(0.9) (b) 1.4(0.9) = 0.1 + 0.05 – 0.03 = 0.1 + 0.02= 0.12
(c) 0.14(0.9)4 (d) 1.4(0.9)4 ∴ P ( A I B ) = 1– 0.12 = 0.88
TS EAMCET-2016
Statistics and Probability 1622 YCT
423. The probability of a coin showing head is p and Ans. (c) : There are 3 white and 6 red balls,
then 100 such coins are tossed. If the ∴ Total number of balls = 9
probability of 50 coins showing head is same as
the probability of 51 coins showing head, then Total number of out comes 9C4
p equals Now, number of favorable out comes
1 49 = ( 2 Red 2 black ) + 3 red 1 black + 4 red)
(a) (b) 6
C2 × 3C2 + 6 C3× 3C1 + 6C4
2 100
51 50 ∴ P(At least two red balls )
(c) (d)
101 101
6
C 2 ×3 C 2 + 6 C3 ×3 C1 + 6 C 4
=
TS EAMCET-2015 9
C4
Ans. (c) : Given that probability showing head is P.
therefore probability of showing tail = 1– P. 15 × 3 + 20 × 3 + 15
=
Given, P(x = 50) = P (x = 51) 126
100
C50 P50 (1 – P)50 = 100C51 P51 (1–P)49 45 × 3 + 20 × 3 + 15 120 60
100! 100! = = =
(1 – P ) = .P 126 126 63
50!50! 51!49!
426. Two numbers are selected at random from the
(1 – P ) = P set (1, 2, 3, …..13). If the sum of the selected
50 51 numbers is even, the probability that both the
51 – 51P = 50 P numbers are odd is
∴ 51 = 101P 2 1
51 (a) (b)
∴ P= 13 2
101 7 5
424. In a university campus, the probability that a (c) (d)
person chosen at random is an engineering 12 26
1 TS EAMCET-09.09.2020, Shift-I
student is . The probability of having at most Ans. (c) : Let E be the event that sum is even and F be
5
two engineering students in a sample of 8 the event that both the numbers are odd
people is ∴ n(E) = 6C2 + 7 C2
46 47 6! 7! 6×5 7× 6
(a) 45 × 8 (b) 17 × 8 = + = + = 145 + 21 = 36
5 5 2!4! 2!5! 2 2
46 47 7×6
(c) 27 × 8 (d) 19 × 8 n(F) 7 C 2 = = 21
5 5 2 ×1
TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-II 7×6
Ans. (d) : Probability that the student is an engineering and n(E∩ F) = 7 C 2 = = 21
2
1
student is ∴ Required Probability = P (F/E)
5
∴ Probability that the student is not P ( E ∩ F ) 21 7
= = =
1 4 P (E) 36 12
an engineering student is 1 − =
5 5 427. If a number is selected from the first 30
We have the find the probability P( r ≤ 2) natural, then the probability that the number
P(r = 0) + P(r = 1 ) + P(r = 2) selected is divisible by 4 or 7, is
0 8 7 2 6
   
1 4   
1 4    
1 4 4 1
8
C0     +8 Cl1  !  +8 C 2   .   (a) (b)
5 5 5  5 5 5 3 5
1 8 7 1
 4 + 8 × 47 + 28 × 46  (c) (d)
58  30 3
46 76 × 46 19 × 47 TS EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-II
[ 28 + 32 + 16] = 8 = 8
58 5 5 Ans. (d) : The numbers divisible by 4 are 4, 8, 12 , 16
425. A bag contains 3 white and 6 red balls. Four 20, 24, 28
balls are drawn at a time randomly. Then the and the numbers divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28
probability of getting at least 2 red balls is here, the number 28 is repeated
(a)
8
(b)
5 ∴ Total number of favorable case = 10 = n(E)
27 14 Total out comes n(S) = 30
(c)
60
(d)
1 n ( E ) 10 1
Required probability = = =
63 2 n ( S ) 30 3
TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1623 YCT
428. If 80% of flights depart on time, 70% of flights 6
C
arrive on time and 65% of flights depart on P ( A ∩ B ) = 10 2
time and arrive, on time, then the probability C2
that a flight that has just departed on time will 6C1 × 4C1 + 6C2 6 × 4 + 15 39
arrive on time is P ( B) = = =
10C 2 45 45
13 11
(a) (b) 6C2 45 15 45 15 5
16 16 P(A/B) = × = × = =
10C2 39 45 39 39 13
13 11
(c) (d) 431. If two unbiased dice are rolled simultaneously
14 14
until a sum of the number appeared on these
TS EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-II
dice is either 7 or 11, then the probability that 7
Ans. (a) : Let events comes before 11, is
A : Flight departs on time 3 3
B : Flight arrive on time (a) (b)
8 4
∴ P (A) = 0.8 P(B) , P(B) = 0.7 . P(∩B) = 0.65 5 2
P ( A ∩ B) (c)
6
(d)
9
∴ Required Probability = P(B/A) =
P (A) TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-I
Ans. (b) : 1 dice- 6 outcomes
0.65 13
= = 2 dice- 6×6 = 36
0.80 16 sum (7) = (1,6) (2,5) (3,4) (4,3) (5,2) (6,1)
429. If getting a head on a coin when it is tossed is sum (11) = (5,6), (6,5)
considered as success, then the probability of Let A be the event of getting sum as 7
having more number of failures when ten fair Let B be the event of getting sum as either 11 (or) 7.
coins are tossed simultaneously, is 6 1
105 73 i.e, P (A) = =
(a) 8 (b) 7 36 6
2 2 2 6 8 2
193 638 and P(B) = + = =
(c) 9 (d) 10 36 36 36 9
2 2 2 7
TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-I P(B) = 1 − =
9 9
Ans. (c) : Here, 10 coins are tossed simultaneously
∴ Required probability
1 1
∴ n = 10 , p = ( getting head ) q = ( Not head ) = P(A)+ P(B).P(A) + P(B).P(B).P(A) + ......
2 2
1 7 1 7 7 1
∴ Required probability = P(r ≥ 6) = + × + × × + .........
= P ( r = 6)+P( r = 7)+P ( r = 8)+P ( r = 9) + P ( r = 10) 6 9 6 9 9 6
10
 1
10
1 1
10
1
10 10
1  
10
C 6   +10 C7   +10 C8   +10 C9   +10 C10  
1 7 7  1 1 
2
 
2  
2  
2  
2 2 = 1 + +   + ........ = 
10
6  9  9  7
 1  10  6 1 − 
   C 6 + C7 + C7 + C9 + C10 
10 10 10 10
 9
 
2
1 9 3
1 386 193 = × =
10 [
210 + 120 + 45 + 10 + 1] = 10 = 9 6 2 4
( 2) 2 2
432. When two dice are thrown, the probability of
430. A box contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are getting a prime number on die and a composite
spoiled, 2 mangoes are taken together at number on the other is
random. If one of them is found to be good, 1 1
then the probability that the other is also good, (a) (b)
3 4
is 1 1
1 2 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 2 6
3 3 TS EAMCET-18.07.2022, Shift-II
8 5 Ans. (a) : Here, prime numbers are 2, 3, 5 and
(c) (d) composite numbers are 4,6 then, we get favorable case
15 13
TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-I as (2, 4 ) ( 4, 2) (2, 6) (6, 2) (3, 4) (4, 3) (3, 6) (6, 3) (5,
4) (4, 5) (5, 6) (6, 5)
Ans. (d) : Let A be the event that first mango is good
∴ Total numbers of favorable case is 12
and B denotes the event that the second is good.
Total number of outcomes = 36
P ( A ∩ B)
∴ P ( A / B) = 12 1
P ( B) ∴ Required Probability = = =
36 3
Statistics and Probability 1624 YCT
433. In a test, a student either guesses or copies or 1 5
knows the answer to a multiple choice question (a) (b)
with four choices having one correct answer. 4 24
The probability that he guesses the answer is 13 3
(c) (d)
1 1 24 4
and the probability that he copies it is . TS EAMCET-05.08.2021, Shift-II
3 12
The probability that his answer is correct given Ans. (a): In bag B, total number of balls = 6
In bag B, total no. of white balls = 4
1
that he copied it is . The probability that he In bag C, total number of balls = 8
6 In bag C, total no. of white balls = 3
knew the answer, given that he has correctly If one balls is drawn randomly from each bag, then the
answered it, is probability that the two balls drawn are both white is
6 15 4 3 1
(a) (b) = × =
7 49 6 8 4
7 10 435. A box contains 8 red, 3 white and 9 blue balls.
(c) (d)
12 13 If 3 balls are drawn from the box at random
TS EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-I one after the other without replacement, then
Ans. (a) : Let us define the following events the probability that they are 2 red balls and 1
E1 Examine guesses the answer to the question white balls is
E2 : Examine copies the answer to the question 7 13
(a) (b)
E3 : Examine know the answer to the question 95 95
E : The answer is correct 7 11
1 (c) (d)
Here, P ( E1 ) = 36 36
3 TS EAMCET-05.08.2021, Shift-II
1
P (E2 ) = Ans. (a): Total number of balls = 20
12 Three balls are draw randomly.
1 1  5 7 So, concerned combination will be 20C3
P(E3) = 1 −  +  = 1 − =
 3 12  12 12 Let, A be the event of drawing two red and one white
Since the question is multiple choice question with balls = 8 C 2 ×3C1
four choices. So, the probability that the answer is The required probability assigned to event A is
correct when is guessed is 8
C ×3C1 28 × 3 7
P ( E / E1 ) =
1 = 202 = =
4 C3 1140 95
The probability that his answer is correct given that he 436. An urn contains five balls. Two balls are drawn
1 at random and they are found to be white. The
copied is probability that all the balls in the urn are
6
white, is
 E  1 1 3
i.e P   = (a) (b)
 E2  6 2 8
Moreover, his answer is correct given he new the 2 2
answer is sure event so (c) (d)
5 3
 E  TS EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-II
P  =1
 E3  Ans. (a) : List Ai (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) be the event that the urn
∴ By Baye's theorem, the required probability is contains 2, 3, 4 or 5 white ball.
Since the four events A1, A2, A3, A4 are equally likely,
 E  1
P   .P ( E 3 ) 7 then, P(A1) = P(A2) = P(A3) = P(A4) =
P ( E3 )  E3  1.
12 4
= 3 =
E E 1 1 1 1 7 P (B/A1) is the probability of event that the urn contains
∑ P  P ( E1 )
i =−1  E i 
4
× + × + 1×
3 6 12 12 2 white balls and both have been drawn is white.
2
C2 1
7 7×6 7×6 6 So, P ( B / A1 ) = =
= = = = 5
C2 10
1
1+ + 7 6 + 1 + 42 49 7
3
C2 3
6 Similarly, P ( B / A2 ) = 5
=
434. A bag B contains 4 white balls and 2 black C2 10
balls. Another bag C contains 3 white balls and 4 5
5 black balls. If one ball is drawn randomly P ( B / A ) = C2 6 3 C
3 5
= = ⇒ P ( B / A4 ) = 5 2 = 1
from each bag, then the probability that the C2 10 5 C2
two balls drawn are both white is
Statistics and Probability 1625 YCT
∴ From the Baye's theorem 1
⇒ n
C0 p 0q n + n C1p1q n −1 ≤
P ( A4 ) P ( B / A4 ) (1/ 4 ) .1 100
P ( B / A4 ) = = 1 3 1
4
∑ P ( A1 ) P ( B / A1 ) 1 1 3 3  ⇒ +n n ≤ ⇒ 4n ≥ 300n + 100 ⇒ n ≥ 6
 + + + 1 4n 4 100
i =1 4  10 10 5 
1 439. If a man throws a die until he gets a number
P ( B / A4 ) = bigger than 3, then the probability that he gets
2 a 5 in his last throw is
437. Cards are drawn one after the other without (a) 1/3 (b) 1/4
replacement from a well shuffled pack of cards (c) 3/5 (d) 2/3
until and ace card appears. If the probability TS EAMCET 14.09.2020, Shift-II
that exactly 5 cards are drawn before the first
ace card appears is Ans. (a) : Let A be events greater than 3 when a dice is
thrown
4  p1 .p 2 .p 3  Q The number of greater than 3 is 4,5,6
  , (pi is prime, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
49  p 4 .p 5 .p 6  3 1
∴ P(A) = =
then (max {pi} –min –{pi} 6 2
(a) 12 (b) 18 and B is events gets 5
(c) 20 (d) 22 1
TS EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-I P (B) =
6
Ans. (c) : Q the cards are drawn one after the other Required probability = P(B) + P (A) . P (B)
without replacement from a well shuffled pack of cards +P(A)2 P(B) + ....
until an ace card appears. Then the probability that 2
1 1 1 1 1
exactly 5 cards are drawn before the first ace card = + × +   × + ......
appears 6 2 6 2 6
48 47 46 45 44 3
= × × × × × 1 1 1  1/ 6 1
=  1 + + 2 + ....  = =
52 51 50 49 48 47 6 2 2  1 − 1/ 2 3
4  46 × 45 × 44  4  11× 23 × 3  440. In an experiment a person gets success α times
= =  
49  52 × 51× 50  49  13 × 17 × 5  out of β trails. If the experiment consists of n
4  P .P .P  trials, then the probability that he fails at least
=  1 2 3  , ( given ) where P1 is prime (n − 1) times is
49  P4 .P5 .P6 
α n–1
Q max(pi ) = 23 and min {pi } = 3 (a) ( nβ − n α + α )
βn
∴ max {pi } − min {pi } = 23 − 3 = 20
( β − α ) nα + β − α
n −1

438. A target is to be destroyed in a bombing (b) ( )

βn
exercise and there is a 75% chance that a bomb
will hit the target. Assuming that two direct αn
hits are required to destroy the target (c) n ( nα + β )
β
completely, the minimum number of bombs to n
be dropped in order that the probability of β−α 
destroying the target is not less than 99%, is (d)   ( nβ + nα + 1)
(a) 4 (b) 5  β 
(c) 6 (d) 7 TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-I
TS EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-I Ans. (b) : We have,
3 α
Ans. (c) : Let, probability of hit the target p = Probability of getting success (p) =
4 β
1 Probability of getting fails (q) = 1 – p
So, probability to not hit the target q =
4 α
= 1−
Now, let 'n' number of bombs are dropped, then β
99 β−α
probability of destroying the target ≥ =
100
β
99
⇒ P ( X ≥ 2) ≥ , (here, X represents the number of Then, probability of fails at least (n – 1) times
100 = Probability of success at least one times.
bombs dropped)
99 = P (x ≤ 1)
⇒ 1 −  P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1)  ≥ = P (x = 0) + P (x = 1)
100 0 n n −1
99  α   β − α  n  α  β − α 
⇒ P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1) ≤ 1 − = n C0     + C 1  
100 β  β   β  β 
Statistics and Probability 1626 YCT
 n −1
β−α nα Ans. (b) : According to question,
(β − α )
n −1
= + 3 2 1
βn βn P ( β1 ) = , P ( β2 ) = , P ( β3 ) =
n −1 6 6 6
β−α
= [ β − α + nα ] β 3 β 2 β 2
βn P = , P = , P =
(β − α )
n −1  β1  7  β2  7  β3  7
= [ nα + β − α ] So, required probability P(β)
βn
β β β
441. A fair coin is tossed K times so that the = P ( β1 ) ⋅ P   + P ( β2 ) ⋅ P   + P ( β3 ) ⋅ P  
probability of getting four heads is equal to  β1   β2   β3 
that of getting six heads. If the probability is 3 3 2 2 1 2 9 + 4 + 2 15 5
maximum for getting r heads then r = = × + × + × = = =
(a) 9 (b) 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 42 42 14
(c) 8 (d) 10 444. A, B, C are aiming to shoot a balloon. A will
TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I succeed 4 times out of 6 attempts. The chance
of B to shoot the balloon is 3 out of 5 and that
1 1 of C is 2 out of 3. If the three aim to shoot the
Ans. (b) : Given that, n = K, p= , q =
2 2 balloon simultaneously, then the probability
P ( X = 4) = P ( X = 6 ) that at least two of them hit the balloon is
K K
5 9 4 32
1 1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
Q K
C 4   = C6   ⇒ C 4 = C 6
K K K
9 25 9 45
2 2 TS EAMCET-04.08.2021, Shift-I
K = 4+6 Q n C x = n C y ' then n = x + y  Ans. (d): Probability of hitting the balloon by A
4 2
K=10 P (A) = =
10 6 3
1
P ( X=r ) = 10 Cr   Probability of not hitting balloon by A
2 2 1
10
P(A') = 1 – P(A) =1 − =
Probability is maximum when ⇒ r = =5 3 3
2 Probability of hitting the balloon by B
442. If the coefficients a and b of a quadratic 3
2 P(B) =
expression x + ax + b are chosen from the sets 5
A = {3, 4, 5} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4} respectively, Probability of not hitting balloon by B
then the probability that the equation x2 + ax + 3 2
b = 0 has real roots is P ( B' ) =1 − P ( B ) =1 − =
5 5
1 5 3 7 Probability of hitting the balloon by C
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 4 12 2
TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I P(C) =
3
Ans. (b) : Given equation, Probability of not hitting balloon by
x + ax + b has real roots if a ≥ 4b
2 2
2 1
favorable outcomes is, P ( C' ) =1 − P ( C ) =1 − =
3 3
(3, 1) (3, 2) (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) Probability of hitting balloon by least two of A, B and C
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) = P (A ∩ B ∩ C' + P (A ∩ B' ∩C) + P (A' ∩ B ∩ C) +
10 10 5 P (A ∩ B ∩ C)
So, required probability = = =
3 × 4 12 6 = P (A) × P (B) × P (C') + P (A) × P (B') × P (C) + P
443. Let B(α, β , γ) represents that a bag B contains (A') × P (B) × P (C) + P (A) × P (B) × P (C)
α red balls, β green balls and γ blue balls. 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2
Given B1 (2, 3, 2), B2 (3, 2, 2), B3 (2, 2, 3). A die = 3 × 5 × 3 + 3 × 5 × 3 + 3 × 5 × 3 + 3 × 5 × 3
is rolled. If the die shows up 2 or 3 or 5, then a
6 8 6 12 32
ball will be drawn at random from bag B1. If = + + + =
the die shows up 4 or 6, then a ball will be 45 45 45 45 45
drawn at random from bag B2. If the die shows 445. If the probability that an individual will suffer
up 1, then from bag B3 a ball will be drawn at a bad reaction from an injection is 0.001, then
random. Then the probability of drawing a the probability that out of 2000 individuals,
green ball from a bag thus chosen is exactly 3 individuals suffer a bad reaction is
2 5 4 2
(a) (b) (a) 2
(b) 2
7 14 3e e
3 2 2 4
(c) (d) (c) 2
(d)
5 3 3e 5e2
TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I TS EAMCET-04.08.2021, Shift-I
Statistics and Probability 1627 YCT
Ans. (a): Given, 5
448. If two events E1, E2 are such that P(E1∪E2)= ,
P = 0.001 8
n = 2000
λ = nP
( ) 3 1
P E1 = , P ( E2 ) = , then E1 and E2 are
4 2
= 2000×0.001 = 2 (a) independent events
(b) mutually exclusive events
P (Exactly3) = P ( x = 3) (c) exhaustive events
(d) not independent events
e-λ λ x e −2 23 8 4
= = = 2= 2 TS EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-I
x 3 6e 3e 3 3 1
Ans. (a) : Given, P ( E1 ) = ⇒ P(E1 ) =1 − =
446. A fair coin is tossed 15 times. the probability 4 4 4
that the tail will appear at least thrice is 1 5
P ( E 2 ) = , P(E1 ∪ E 2 ) =
105 121 2 8
(a) 1 − (b) 1 −
215 215 P (E1∪ E2) = P(E1 ) + P (E2) –P(E1∩ E2)
1 1 5 2+ 4−5 1
1
(c) 1 − 15 (d) 1 − 15
16 P ( E1 ∩ E 2 ) = + − = =
2 2 4 2 8 8 8
1 1 1
TS EAMCET-04.08.2021, Shift-I Now, P ( E1 ) × P ( E 2 ) = × = = P ( E1 ∩ E 2 )
Ans. (b): Probability that the tail will appear at least 4 2 8
thrice, ∴ E1 and E2 are independent events
449. If A and B are events having probabilities, P(A)
P ( x ≥ 3) = 1 −  P ( x = 0 ) + P ( x = 1) + P ( x = 2 ) 
= 0.6, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A ∩ B) = 0, then
 probability that neither A nor B occurs is
1 1 
0 15 1 14 2 13
1 1 1 1
= 1 −  15 C0     +15 C1     +15 C2      1 1
  2  2 2 2  2   2   (a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 0
4 2
1  15 × 14  TS EAMCET-2017
= 1-- 1+15 +
215  2  Ans. (d) Given A and B be two events such that
P (A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A ∩B) = 0
1 1 121
15 [
=1 − 16 + 105] =1 − 15 [121] =1 − 15 We know that,
2 2 2 P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) –P(A ∩ B)
447. If a die is rolled twice and the sum of the = 0.6 + 0.4 – 0 = 1.0
numbers appearing on them is observed to be We have to find P ( A ∪ B )
6, then the probability that the number 1
appears at least once on them is (
P ( A ∪ B) = P A ∪ B )
5 2 = 1 − P ( A ∪ B) = 1 – 1 = 0
(a) (b)
36 5 450. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 black balls and 4
11 1 white balls. Three balls are drawn at random.
(c) (d) The probability that they are not of same
36 3 colour is
TS EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-I 37 31 21 41
Ans. (b) : Let E be the event that number 1 appears at (a) (b) (c) (d)
44 44 44 44
least one and F be the event that this sum of numbers is 6 TS EAMCET-2017
Then, Ans. (d) : Given,
E = { (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) (2, 1) (3, 1) Bag contain 5 Red ball, 3 black ball and 4 white ball
(5, 1) (6, 1) (4, 1) } Total no. of balls = 5 + 3 + 4 = 12
And, F = {(1, 5) (5, 1) (2, 4) (4, 2) (3, 3)} 12!
Three balls are drawn = 12 C3 = = 220
5 3!(12 − 3)!
P ( F) =
36 Three balls are drawn of same color.
Also, (E ∩F) = (1, 5) (5, 1)
5
C3 + 3C3 + 4 C3 =10 +1 + 4 =15
2 15
P (E ∩ F) = Probability of same color =
36 220
Now, the required probability, Probability of are not of same color = 1 – probability of
same color.
P ( E ∩ F ) 2 / 36 2
P ( E / F) = = = = 1−
15 205 41
= =
P ( F) 5 / 36 5 220 220 44
Statistics and Probability 1628 YCT
 D. Events and Probability of an If the product of the 4 number is not divisible by 5 or
10, then the number of choice for the last digit of each
Event (Multiplication and number is 8 (excluding 0 or 5). So, favourable number
of ways = 84
Addition) ∴ The probability that the product is not divisible by 5
4
451. A boy is throwing stones at a target. The 8
probability of hitting that target at any trial is or 10 is  
1  10 
. The probability of hitting the target 5th Hence, the probability that the product is divisible by 5
2 or 10 .
time at the 10th throw is : 4
 8  10000 − 4096 5904 369
(a) 10
5 63
(b) 9 = 1 −   = = =
2 2  10  10000 10000 625
10
C5 454. Events E1 and E2 from a partition of the sample
(c) (d) None space S. A is any event such that P ( E1 ) =
210
BITSAT-2012 1 1 2
P ( E2 ) = , P ( E2 | A ) = and P ( A | E 2 ) = ,
Ans. (b) : We know, the probability of hitting the 2 2 3
target 5th time at the 10th throw = P(the probability of then P(E1|A) is
hitting the target 4 times in the first 9 throws) × P(the 2
probability of hitting the target at the 10th throw) = (a) (b) 1
3
  1   1   1 
4 5
9!  1 
10
1 1
=  9 C4        = ×  (c) (d)
  2   2    2  4!5!  2  4 2
10
Karnataka CET-2020
9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5!  1  63 Ans. (d) : Given,
= ×  = 9
4 × 3 × 2 ×1 × 5!  2  2 1
P ( E1) = P (E2) =
452. A die is loaded such that the probability of 2
throwing the number i is proportional to its 1
reciprocal. The probability that 3 appears in a P ( E2/A) =
single throw is- 2
(a) 3/22 (b) 3/11  A  2
(c) 9/22 (d) None of these And P   =
 2 3
E
BITSAT-2011
A
P ( E2 ) P  
6 6
k 1
Ans. (d) : P(i) = ⇒ 1 = ∑ P(i) = k ∑
i i =1 i =1 i Q P( E2/A) =  E2 
k A A
∑ Pi = 1 = i P ( E 2 ) .P   + P ( E1 ) .P  
E
 2  E1 
k k k k k k
+ + + + + =1 1 2  A  2
1 2 3 4 5 6  + P    =
2 3  E1   3
60 20
k= = 1 1 A 1
147 49 + P  =
k 20 3 2  E1  3
So, probability of getting 3 is =
3 147 1 A 1
P  =
453. Four numbers are multiplied together. Then 2  E1  3
the probability that the product will be
divisible by 5 or 10 is A 2
P  =
369 399  E1  3
(a) (b)
625 625
A
123 133 P ( E1 ) .P  
(c) (d)
625 625 Q P (E1|A) =  E1 
BITSAT-2016 A A
P ( E1 ) .P   + P ( E 2 ) .P  
Ans. (a) : The divisibility of the product of four  E1   E2 
numbers depends upon the value of the last digit of
each number. 1 2
×
The last digit of a number can be 0, 1,.....9. So, the = 2 3
total number of ways of selecting last digit of four 1 2 1 2
× + ×
numbers is 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10 4
2 3 2 3
Statistics and Probability 1629 YCT
 1 2
×  A '  P ( A '∩ B )
Therefore, P   =
 E1  2 3 1 B P ( B)
P  = =
 
A 1 2 2
× (1 + 1)  A' P ( A ∩ B)
2 3 P   = 1−
455. The probability of solving a problem by three  
B P(B)
1 1 1 1/ 6 1
persons A, B and C independently is , and = 1− = 1−
2 4 3 1/ 2 3
respectively. Then the probability of the  A' 2
problem is solved by any two of them is P  =
1 1 B 3
(a) (b) 7 17
4 24 457. If P ( A ∩ B) = and P ( B ) = , where P
1 1 10 20
(c) (d) stands for probability then P (A/B) is equal to
8 12
Karnataka CET-2020 7 17
(a) (b)
Ans. (a) : The probability of solving a problem 8 20
by A, 14 1
(c) (d)
1 17 8
P(A) =
2 Karnataka CET-2016
1 Ans. (c) : Given,
and P(A') = 7 17
2 P ( A ∩ B ) = and P ( B ) =
The probability of solving a problem by B, 10 20
1 We know that,
P(B) =
4  A  P(A ∩ B)
P  = s
1 3 B P ( B)
and P (B') = 1 − =
4 4 7
The probability of solving a problem by C  A  10
1 P  =
P ( C) =  B  17
3 20
1 2  A  14
and P(C') = 1 − = P  =
3 3  B  17
Then, the probability of the problem is solved by any
458. A die is thrown 7 times. What is the chance
two of them is .
that an odd number turns up exactly 4 times?
P = P(A') × P ( B) × P(C) + P( B' ) × P(A) × P(C) +
P(C') × P(A) ×P(B) 35 37
(a) (b)
1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 128 128
= × × + × × + × × 4 43
2 4 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 (c) (d)
1 3 2 6 1 7 128
= + + = = CG PET- 2011
24 24 24 24 4 Ans. (a) : A die is thrown 7 times ,
1 ∴ Number of trials , n = 7
456. If A and B are two events such that P ( A ) = ,
3 3 1
1 Probability of getting odd number = =
P ( B ) = and 6 2
2 ∴ The chance that an odd number turns up exactly 4
 A'  times
then P   is
 B  Then,
7
1 1 1
(a) (b) P =7 C4  
3 2 2
1 2 7 × 6×5× 4 1 35
(c) (d) P= . 7 =
12 3 4 × 3 × 2 ×1 2 128
Karnataka CET-2020
459. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The
Ans. (d) : Given, probability of getting a pair of ACE is
1 1 1 1 1
P (A) = , P(B) = , P ( A ∩ B) = (a) (b)
3 2 6 36 3
Statistics and Probability 1630 YCT
 1 n ( E1 ) 6 1
(c) (d) None of these ∴ P ( E1 ) = = =
6 n ( S ) 36 6
CG PET- 2012
n ( E2 ) 4 1
Ans. (a) : The two dice are thrown simultaneously. and P (E2 ) = = =
Then, number of element in S = 36 n ( S ) 36 9
Number of favourable outcome is = 1 Now, P ( E1 ∪ E 2 ) = P ( E1 ) + P ( E 2 )
So,
The probability of getting a pair of ACE is 1 1 6 + 4 10 5
= + = = =
no.of favourable 6 9 36 36 18
= 462. If A and B are two such events that
Total number of outcomes
1 P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ∩ B) , then which of the
P= following is true?
36
460. A and B are two independent events. (a) P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 0
(b) P ( A ) + P ( B ) = P ( A ) P ( B / A )
Probability of happening of both A and B is 1/6
and probability of happening of neither of
them is 1/3, then the probability of events A (c) P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 2P ( A ) P ( B / A )
and B are respectively
1 1 1 1 (d) None of the above
(a) and (b) and CG PET- 2014
2 3 5 6
1 1 2 1 Ans. (c) : Given, P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ∩ B )
(c) and (d) and
2 6 3 4 ⇒ P(A) + P(B) − P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ∩ B )
CG PET- 2013
⇒ P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 2P ( A ∩ B )
1
Ans. (a): Given, Probability of both A and B = ⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 2 × P(A) P(B/A)
6
 P ( A ∩ B) 
Q P ( B / A ) =
1
The probability of happening of neither = 
3  P (A) 
Let us consider, 463. From a pack of card, two cards are drawn one-
P(A) = a , P(B) = b by-one. Then, the probability that first card is
1 an ace while the second card is coloured (before
Then, P ( A ) × P ( B ) = drawing the second card, the first card in not
6
replaced in the pack or cards) will be
1
∴ ab = 1 5
6 (a) (b)
26 52
1
And 1 − P ( A )  1 − P ( B )  = 5 4
3 (c) (d)
221 13
1 1
a = and b = CG PET- 2018
2 3
Ans. (c) : Probability of getting on ace
1 1
Hence, the probability of events A and B are and 4 1
2 3 P ( E1 ) = =
52 13
461. Probability of getting a total of 7 or 9 in a
single throw of two dice is E  15 5
5 1
∴ P 2 = =
(a) (b)  E1  51 17
18 6
E 
(c)
1
(d) None of these ∴ P ( E1 ∩ E 2 ) = P ( E1 ) ⋅ P  2 
9  E1 
CG PET- 2014 Hence,
Ans. (a) : The total number of sample points in a 1 5 5
sample space of single throw of two dice, n(S) = 36 Let P(E1 ∩ E2) = ⋅ =
13 17 221
E1= Event of getting a sum 7
E2 = Event of getting a sum 9. 464. If A and B are two events such that a
1 1
P ( A ) = P ( B ) = and
E1 = {(1, 6), (6, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3)}
⇒ n(E1) = 6 3' 4
and E 2 = {( 3, 6 ) , ( 6, 3) , ( 4, 5 ) , ( 5, 4 )} 1 B
P ( A ∩ B ) = then P   will be
⇒ n(E2) = 4 5 A
Statistics and Probability 1631 YCT
 37 37 466. Let S = {M = [aij ],aij ∈ {0,1, 2},1 ≤ i, j ≤ 2} be a
(a) (b)
40 45 sample space and A = {M ∈ S : M is invertible}
23 27 be an event. Then P(A) is equal to
(c) (d)
40 40 50 47
CG PET- 2018 (a) (b)
81 81
Ans. (a) : Given,
49 16
1 1 (c) (d)
P ( A ) = and P ( B ) = 81 27
3 4
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-I
We Know that,
P ( A ∪ B) = P ( A ) + P ( B) − P ( A ∩ B) a b 
Ans. (a) : M   , where a, b, c, d, ∈ {0,1, 2}
1 1 1 23 c d
P ( A ∪ B) = + − = n(s) = 34 = 81
3 4 5 60
We first bound p(A)
 1 1 1 |m| = 0 ⇒ ad = bc
∴ P ( A ) = 3 , P ( B ) = 4 , P ( A ∩ B ) = 5  ad = bc = 0 ⇒ no. of (a, b, c, d) = (32 − 22)2 = 25
  ad = bc = ⇒ no. of (a, b, c, d) = 12 =1
1−
23 ad = bc = 2 ⇒ no. of (a, b, c, d) = 22 = 4
 B  1 − P ( A ∪ B) 60 ad = bc = 4 ⇒ no. of (a, b, c, d) = 12 = 1
Now, P   = =
P (A)
( )
1 31
A 1− P(A) = ⇒ p(A) = 1 − P ( A )
3 81
∴ P ( A ) = 1 − P ( A )  31 50
  = 1− =
81 81
 B  37 3 37
Hence, P   = × = 467. Three students A, B, C are running a race. A
 A  60 2 40 and B have the same probability of winning
465. Let E1, E2, E3 be three mutually exclusive and each is twice likely to win as C. Then the
2 + 3p 2–p probability that B or C wins is equal to
events such that P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = ______(assuming there are no ties)
6 8 2 3
1–p (a) (b)
and P ( E 3 ) = . If the maximum and 5 5
2 3 2
minimum value of p are p1 and p2, then (p1 + (c) (d)
p2) is equal to : 7 7
2 5 APEAPCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I
(a) (b) Ans. (b): Let wining probability of C be:-
3 3 P (C) = p, P (B) = 2p , P(A) = 2p
5 P (A) + P (B) + P (C) = 1
(c) (d) 1
4 p + 2p + 2p = 1
JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-I 5p = 1
Ans. (b) : Given, 1
2 + 3p 2−p p=
P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = 5
6 8 Probability that B or C win = P (B) + P (C)
1− P = 2p + p
and P(E3) = = 3p
2
1 3
Q 0 ≤ P ( Ei ) ≤ for i = 1, 2,3 = 3× =
5 5
−2 468. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.58,
≤ P ≤1
3 P(B) = 0.32 and P (A ∩ B) = 0.28. Then the
Given, E1 , E2 and E3 are mutually exclusive events probability that neither A nor B occurs is
So, P(E1) + P(E2) + P(E3) ≤ 1 (a) 0.38 (b) 0.62
2 (c) 0.72 (d) 0.9
Q ≤ P ≤1 AP EAMCET-22.04.2018, Shift-II
3 Ans. (a) : Given,
2 P(A) = 0 .58 , P(B) = 0.32 and P(A ∩ B) =0.28
Therefore, P1 = 1 , P2 =
3 We know that,
2 5 P ( A ∩ B) = 1 − P ( A ∪ B )
Hence, P1 + P2 = 1 + =  
3 3 So, P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
Statistics and Probability 1632 YCT
 = 0 .58 + 0.32 – 0.28  1 1 1 3 1 5
= 0.90 – 0.28 = 0.62 Max  − , −1, − ,  < p ≤ min  ,1, , 
Now,  4 2 2  4 2 2
P ( A ∩ B) = 1 − P ( A ∪ B)
1 1
∴ ≤p≤
2 2
= 1 − 0.62 = 0.38 1
469. 2 Aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in p=
2
succession. The probabilities of I and II scoring
a hit correctly is 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The 471. Two dice are rolled. Then, the probability that
second plane will bomb only if first misses the the total score is a prime number is
target. The probability that the target is hit by 1 5
(a) (b)
the 2nd plane is 16 12
(a) 0.06 (b) 0.14 1 7
(c) 0.32 (d) 0.7 (c) (d)
2 9
APEAPCET- 23.08.2021, Shift-2 AP EAMCET-06.07.2022, Shift-II
Ans. (c): Given, Ans. (b) : Given,
A (hitting a target correctly by aeroplane I) Two dice are rolled.
P (A) = 0.3, ( )
P A = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7 So, The total number of outcomes is = 6 × 6 = 36
A total score is a prime number are
B ( hitting a target correctly by aeroplane II) = (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 4) , (2, 3) , (3, 2), (4, 1)(1, 6) ,
P(B) = 0.2 ( B ) = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8 (2, 5) , (5, 2) (3, 4) , (4, 3) , (6, 1), (5, 6) , (6, 5)
Total score as prime number n(E) = 15
Probability of aeroplane II by hitting a target in first Now,
( )
turn is = P A × P ( B ) The Probability, that the total score is a prime
15 5
Now total probability of aeroplane II, number is = =
P ( A ) × P(B) + P ( A ) × P(B) × P ( A ) × P(B)
36 12
472. If P and Q each toss three coins. The
= 0.7 × 0.2 + 0.7 × 0.8 × 0.7 × 0.2 + …… probability that both gets same number of
= 0.14 + 0.14 × 0.56 + 2 × 0.56 × 0.14 + …… heads, is
= 0.14 [1 + 0.56 + 2 (0.56) + ……] 3 1
a=1 r = 0.56 (a) (b)
8 9
 1  0.14 14 7 3 5
= 0.14 ×   = 0.44 = 44 = 22 (c) (d)
 1 – 0.56  16 16
Hence, the probability that hit by the 2nd plane, AP EAMCET-18.09.2020, Shift-II
= 0.32 Ans. (d) : On tossing a coin ,
470. If (1 + 4p)/4, (1 – p)/ 2 and (1 – 2p)/ 2 are the 1
probabilities of three mutually exclusive events, So, P = Q =
2
then the value of p is 3 2
3 
1 
(a)
1
(b)
1 Required probability = ∑  C r   
3

2 3 
r =0   2  
6
1 1 1 1 20 5
(c) (d) =   12 + 32 + 32 + 1 = × ( 20 ) = =
4 5 2 64 64 16
AMU-2021 473. Let A and B be events in a sample space S such
Ans. (a) : Given, that P (A) =0.5, P (B) = 0.4 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.6
(1 + 4p ) (1 − p ) (1 − 2p ) Observe the following lists.
, and are List-I List-II
4 2 2
Probabilities of three mutually exclusive events, (i) P (A ∩ B) (1) 0.4
So, (ii) P(A ∩ B ) (2) 0.2
1 + 4P 1– P 1 – 2P (iii) P(Ᾱ ∩ B) (3) 0.3
0≤ ≤ 1, 0 ≤ ≤ 1, 0 ≤ ≤1
4 2 2 (iv) P(Ᾱ ∩ B ) (4) 0.1
1 + 4p 1 − p 1 − 2p
And, 0 ≤ + + ≤1 The correct match of list I from List II is
4 2 2 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
1 3 1 1 (a) (1) (2) (3) (4)
− ≤ p ≤ , −1 ≤ p ≤ 1, − ≤ p ≤ (b) (3) (2) (4) (1)
4 4 2 2
(c) (3) (2) (1) (4)
1 5
And, ≤p≤ (d) (3) (1) (2) (4)
2 2 AP EAMCET-2011
Statistics and Probability 1633 YCT
Ans. (b) : Given, 476. Two brothers X and Y appeared for an exam.
P(A) = 0.5 , P(B) = 0.4 and P(A∪B) = 0.6 Let A be the event that X has passed the exam
(i) P(A∩B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∪B) and B is the event that Y has passed. The
= 0.5 + 0.4 – 0.6 1 2
probability of A is and of B is . Then the
= 0.3 7 9
(ii) P ( A ∩ B ) = P(A) − P(A ∩ B) probability that both of them pass the exam is
1 2
= 0 .5 – 0.3 (a) (b)
= 0.2 63 35
(iii) P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) (c)
2
(d)
9
63 14
= 0.4 – 0.3
= 0.1 AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
(iv) P ( A ∩ B ) = 1 − P ( A ∪ B )
Ans. (c) : Given,
1 2
= 1 – 0.6 P(A) = , P ( B) =
7 9
= 0.4
Let consider O be the event that both are passed .
474. Suppose A and B are two events such that.
P(O) = P(A)× P(B)
3 8
P(A ∩ B) = and P(B - A) = Then, P(B) is 1 2
25 25 = ×
equal to. 7 9
11 3 2
(a) (b) P ( O) =
25 11 63
1 9 477. In a certain recruitment test with multiple
(c) (d) choice question, there are for option to answer
11 11
AP EAMCET-2010 each question, out of which only one is correct.
An intelligent student known 90% correct
Ans. (a) : Given, answer wile a weak student known only 20%
3 8 correct answer. If an intelligent student gets the
P ( A ∩ B) = , P ( B − A ) =
25 25 correct answer for a question then the
P ( A ∩ B) = P ( B) − P ( B − A ) probability that he was guessing it, is
We know that, 1 1
(a) (b)
P(A∩B) = P(B) – P(B – A) 37 10
3 8 9 1
= P ( B) − (c) (d)
25 25 37 2
3 8 11 AP EAMCET-23.04.2018, Shift-II
∴ P(B) = + =
25 25 25 Ans. (a) : Let,
475. If two numbers a and b are chosen from the set The event E1 = he guesses the answer
of integers 1 to 39 then the probability that The event E2 = he knows the answer
those numbers satisfy the equation 7a – 9b = 0 A = he answer correctly
is 1
1 4 Then, P ( E1 ) =
(a) (b) 10
742 743
9
4 5 P ( E2 ) =
(c) (d) 10
741 741
1
AP EAMCET-24.04.2018, Shift-I ∴ P ( A / E1 ) =
Ans. (c) : Two numbers a and b are chosen from the set 4
of integers 1 to 39 P ( A / E2 ) = 1
= 39C2
Favorable elementary events are P ( E1 .P ( A / E1 ) )
Now, P ( E1 / A ) =
(a, b) = (9, 7), (18, 14), (27, 21) , (36, 28) P ( E1 ) .P ( A / E1 ) + P ( E 2 ) .P ( A / E 2 )
∴ Probability to satisfy the equation
1 1
7a – 9b = 0 , is ×
4 4 4 4× 2 4 = 10 4
= 39 = = = =  1 1  9 
C2 39! 39 × 38 × 37! 39 × 38 741  ×  +  ×1
2!37! 2!37!  10 4   10 

Statistics and Probability 1634 YCT

 1 1 Ans. (a) : P(A c ∩ Bc ) = P((A ∪ B) c ) = 1 – P(A ∪ B)
40 40 1 40 Since probability of occurrence of an event A implies
= = = ×
1 9 1 + 36 40 37 the occurrence of event B
+
40 10 40 ∴A ⊂ B⇒ A∪B = B
1 ⇒ P(A c ∩ Bc ) = 1 – P(B) = P(Bc )
Hence, P ( E1 / A ) =
37
481. A bag contains n + 1 coins. It is known that one
478. Given that a throw of three unbiased dice of these coins shows heads on both sides,
shows different faces, what is the probability whereas the other coins are fair. One coin is
that their total is eight? selected at random and tossed. If the
1 23 7
(a) (b) probability that toss results in heads is ,
10 256 12
13 17 then the value of n is.
(c) (d) (a) 3 (b) 4
36 20
AP EAMCET-22.09.2020, Shift-I (c) 5 (d) None of these
Ans. (a) : Given, BITSAT-2014
A throw of three unbiased dice, Ans. (c) : Let E1 denote the event "a coin with head on
both sides is selected" and E2 denotes the event "he
∴ Number of ways to get different faces are
toss, results in heads".
6! 6 × 5 × 4
6
C3 = = = 20 ∴ P(E1 ) =
1
, P(E 2 ) =
n
and
3!3! 3× 2 n +1 n +1
The number of ways to get their total is eight (1, 2, 5) ,
(1, 3, 4) only. A A 1
P   = 1, P   =
2 1  E1   E2  2
So, Required probability = =
20 10 A A
∴ P(A) = P(E1 )P   + P(E 2 )P  
479. Ten fair coins are tossed. Probability of getting
 E1   E2 
at least 8 heads is
7 1 n 1
28 7 ⇒ = ×1 + ×
(a) 7 (b) 10 12 n + 1 n +1 2
2 2
7 1 n
7 56 = +
(c) 7 (d) 7 12 n + 1 2 ( n + 1)
2 2
AP EAMCET-05.10.2021, Shift-II 7 2+n
=
Ans. (c) : Given, 12 2 ( n + 1)
Ten fair coins are tossed
14n + 14 = 24 + 12n
∴ n = 10 , n ≥ 8 n=5
or r = 8, 9, 10
482. If x one of the first numbers chosen at random,
1 1
∴ P = ,q = 3
then the probability that x + is greater than
2 2 x
We know that, 20 is
P = nCrprqn – r 11 21
∴ P = P(r = 8) + P ( r = 9) + P ( r = 10) (a) (b)
8 10 − 8 9 10 − 9 10 10 −10
50 50
1 1 1 1 1 1 31 41
10
C8     +10 C9     +10 C10     (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 50 50
10 10 10
10!  1  10!  1  10!  1  J&K CET-2017
=   +   +  
2!8!  2  9!1!  2  0!10!  2  Ans. (c) : Total possible number of outcome = 50
10 10 According to question
 1  10 × 9  1 7
=   + 10 + 1 =   .56 = 7 3
 2  2  2 2 x + > 20
x
480. If the occurrence of an event A implies the x2 + 3 – 20x >0
occurrence of an event B, then P(Ac ∩ Bc ) is X ≥ 19
equal to So, favourable out comes for X = 50 – 19 = 31
c c c
(a) P(B ) (b) P(A ) P(B ) Favourable outcome
c ∴ Required probability =
(c) P(A ) (d) 1–P(A ∩B) total outcome
COMEDK-2014 = 31/50
Statistics and Probability 1635 YCT
 1 486. A person tossing a biased coin indefinitely wins
483. Let A and B be two events with P (A) = and the game by getting head for the first time. The
7 probability that he wins the game in odd
2 2 number of tosses is 3/4. If 5 such coins are
P (A/B) = P (B) = Then the value P (B/A)
5 7 tossed at a time then the probability that head
is appears on all the coins is
1 5 32 243
(a) (b) (a) (b)
5 49 3125 3125
1 32
4 3 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 243 243
5 5 TS EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-I
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I Ans. (d) : Let, the probability getting head = p
Ans. (c): Given, probability of not getting head = 1 – p
1 Given, he wins the game in odd number of tosses
P(A) = , P(A / B) = 2 / 5, P(B) = 2 / 7 3
∴ p + (1 − p ) p + (1 − p ) p + ... =
2 4
7
P(A / B) ⋅ P(B) 4
P(B / A) = p 3
P(A) =
( )
2
2 / 5× 2 / 7 1 − 1 − p 4
P(B / A) =
1/ 7 4p = 3 − 3 (1 − 2p + p 2 ) = 6p − 3p 2
P(B / A) = 4 / 5 2
3p 2 = 2p ⇒ p =
484. Two urn identical in appearance contain 3
respectively 3 green and 2 black balls and w 5 coins are tossed at a time the probability of head
green and 5 black balls. One urn is selected at appears is
random and a ball is drawn from it. The 5
2 32
probability that it is black is______ 5
C5   =
39 37  
3 343
(a) (b) 487. Let A and B be not mutually exclusive events.
70 70
4 3 B
41 33 If P(A) = , P ( A ∩ B ) = then P   =
(c) (d) 9 7 A
70 70
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I 1
(a) 0 (b)
Ans. (a): If black ball is drawn, probability that it is 28
from first urn. 3 4
(c) (d)
Probability that the ball is black 13 7
= Bag 1 + Bag 2 TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-I
= P(Urn1) × P (B1) + P(Urn2) × P(B2) Ans. (b) : Given,
4 3
P ( A ) = ,P ( A ∩ B ) =
1 2 1 5 1 5 39
= × + × = + =
2 5 2 7 5 14 70 9 7
485. If to cards are drawn simultaneously from a Now,
well shuffled pack of 52 cards, then the P ( A ∩ B) = P ( A ) − P ( A ∩ B)
probability of getting a card having a prime
number and a card having a number which is a P ( A ∩ B) = P ( A ) − P ( A ∩ B)
multiple of 5 is 4 3 28 − 27 1
94 62 = − = =
(a) (b) 9 7 63 63
663 663
 1 
(c)
30
(d)
64 P ( B ∩ A )  63  1
663 663 ∴ P (B / A) = = =
P(A)  4  28
TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-I  
Ans. (d) :Prime number (2, 3, 5, 7) 9
Total Number of prime number = 4×4 = 16 488. Let X and Y be two events of a sample space
1 1
multiple of 5 (5, 10) such that P (X) = , P(X/Y) = and P(Y/X) =
Total number of multiple of 5 = 2 × 4 = 8 3 2
2
16c × 8c1 16 × 8 64 then
Probability = 1 = = 5
52c2 52 × 51 663
1 2
2 (a) P ( X ∩ Y ) = (b) P ( X ∪ Y ) =
5 5
Statistics and Probability 1636 YCT
 1 1 Ans. (d) : Given, A and B are two event such that
(c) P ( Y ) = (d) P ( X / Y ) = P(A∪B) = 0.6 and P( A ∩ B) = 0.2
6 2
TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-I P(A)' = 1– P(A)
Ans. (d) : Given, P(B)' = 1– P(B)
∴P(A)' + P(B)' = 2 – [ P(A) + P(B)
1 1 2
P ( X ) = ,P ( X/Y ) = and P ( Y/X ) = Now P(A∪B) = P(A) +P(B) – P(A∩B)
3 2 5 ∴P(A') + P(B') = 2 –0.8 = 1.2
Now, P ( Y/X ) =
2 ∴ P(A') + P(B') = 2 –0.8 + 0.2 = 0.8
5 = 0.6 + 0.2 = 0.8 = 2 – 0.8 = 1.2
P(Y ∩ X) 2 2 1 2 491. If M and N are events such that
⇒ = ⇒ P (Y ∩ X) = × =
P(X) 5 5 3 15 3 1
P ( M ∪ N ) = , P(M ∩ N) = , P(M) = , then
2
4 4 3
P(X ∩ Y)
Again, P ( X / Y ) = P(M ∩ N) is
P(Y)
15 3
2 (a) (b)
12 8
1 4
= 15 ⇒ P ( Y ) = 5 1
2 P(Y) 15 (c)
8
(d)
4
Also, P ( X ∪ Y ) = P ( X ) + P(Y) − P ( X ∩ Y ) (e)
5
1 4 2 5+ 4−2 7 12
= + − = = Kerala CEE-2019
3 15 15 15 15 Ans. (e) : Given,
Therefore,
3 1
P (X ∩ Y) P(Y) − P(X ∩ Y) P(M ∪N) = P (M ∩ N) =
P (X / Y) = = 4 4
P (Y) P(Y) 2
∴ P (M) =
2 3
P(X ∩ Y) 15 1 1 2 1
= 1− = 1− = 1− = P(M ) =1– =
P(Y) 4 2 2 3 3
15 ∴ P ( M ∪ N) = P (M)+P(N) –P(M ∩ N)
489. If A and B are events of a sample space such ∴ P(N) = P ( M∪ N)+ P (M ∩ N) P(M)
3 1 2
that P ( A ∪ B ) = , P ( A ∩ B ) = and P ( A ) = 3 1 1 2
+ − =
4 4 3 4 4 3 3
then P ( A ∩ B ) is By total Probability theorem,
2 1 5
(a)
5
(b)
3 P (M ∩ N) = P ( N) − P (M ∩ N) − =
12 8 3 4 12
4 5 492. If A and B are two events. Then, 1 + P (A ∩ B)
(c) (d) – P (B) – P (A) is equal to
5 4
TS EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-I (a) P ( A ∪ B ) (b) P ( A ∪ B )
3 1
Ans. (a) : Let, P ( A ∪ B ) = , P ( A ∩ B ) = and (c) P ( A ∪ B ) (d) P ( A ∪ B )
(e) P ( A ∩ B )
4 4
2
P (A) = Kerala CEE-2015
3
We know that, P(A ∪ B) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) Ans. (e) : Given,
Two events A and B,
P ( B) − P ( A ∩ B) = P ( A ∪ B) − P ( A ) As we know that for two events,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
P ( A ∩ B) = P ( A ∪ B) − P ( A )
P(A) + P(B) = P (A ∪ B) + P (A ∩ B)
3  2 3 1 5 Now,
= − 1 −  = − = 1 + P (A ∩ B) – P (B) – P(A)
4  3  4 3 12
= 1 + P (A ∩ B) – P (B) – P(A)
490. The probability that at least one of the events a = 1 + P (A ∩ B) – (P (B) + P(A))
and B occurs is 0.6. If A and B occur = 1 + P (A ∩ B) – (P (A ∪B) + P(A ∩ B))
'
simultaneously with probability 0.2, then P(A ) = 1 + P (A ∩ B) –P (A ∪B) – P(A ∩ B)
'
+ P(B ) is equal to
= 1 – P (A ∪ B)
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.4
(c) 1.4 (d) 1.2 ( )
= P A ∪ B = P ( A ∩ B)
MHT CET-2022
Statistics and Probability 1637 YCT
493. If five dices are tossed, then what is the The correct match is
probability that the five numbers shown will be A B C D
different? (a) I III IV II
5 5 (b) III I IV V
(a) (b)
54 18 (c) III I IV II
5 5 (d) I II V IV
(c) (d)
27 81 AP EAMCET-23.04.2019, Shift-I
5 Ans. (c) : Given, two events E1 and E2 the given
(e)
36 1
information are P(E1) = ,
Kerala CEE-2013 8
Ans. (a) : No. of favourable case = 6! 1
Total case = 6×6×6×6×6 P ( E1 / E 2 ) = and
3
∴ Required probability
1
6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1 720 5 P ( E 2 / E1 ) =
= = = 4
6×6× 6×6× 6 7776 54
P ( E1 I E 2 ) 1
494. If A and B are mutually exclusive events and if =
1 13 P ( E1 ) 4
P(B) = , P(A∪B) = , then P(A) is equal to
3 21 1
P ( E1 I E 2 ) =
1 4 32
(a) (b)
7 7 P ( E1 I E 2 )
Therefore, P ( E 2 ) =
(c)
2
(d)
5 P ( E1 / E 2 )
7 7
1
6
(e) 32 3
7 = =
1 32
Kerala CEE-2010
Ans. (c) : Let, 3
Therefore, P (E1 ∪ E2) = P (E1) + P (E2) – P (E1 ∩E2)
1 13
∴ P(B) = , P(A ∪B) = 1 3 1 3
3 21 = + − =
For mutually exclusive events A and B, 8 32 32 16
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P(B)
13 1 13 7
( ) 7
( )
∵ P E1 = and P E 2 =
8
29
32
∴P(A) = P(A∪B)–P(B) = − = −
21 3 21 21 And P ( E ∩ E ) = P ( E ∪ E )
1 2 1 2
6 2
= 1 − P ( E1 ∪ E 2 ) =
13
21 7 16
495. If E1 and E2 are two events of a random
P ( E1 ∩ E 2 )
experiment such that P ( E1 ) = ,
1 Therefore, P ( E1 / E 2 ) =
8 P ( E2 )
1 1
P ( E1 | E1 ) = , P ( E2 | E1 ) = , then match the 13
3 4 16 26
items of List-I with the items of List-II = =
29 29
32
List-I List-II
3 And P ( E1 / E 2 ) = 1 − P ( E1 / E 2 )
(A) P(E2) (I)
16 26 3
1− =
3 29 29
(B) P(E1 U E2) (II)
29 496. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The
probability of getting a multiple of 2 on one
(
(C) P E1 E 2 ) (III)
3
32
dice and multiple of 3 on the other dice is
5 11
(a) (b)
(
(D) P E1 E 2 ) (IV)
26
29
12 36
13 5
13 (c) (d)
(V) 36 36
32 AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-II
Statistics and Probability 1638 YCT
Ans. (b) : Let, 499. When two dice are rolled, let x be the
Two dice are thrown simultaneously probability of getting sum of the numbers
n(s) = 6 × 6 = 36 appear on the dice is at most 7. Let y be the
Now, E be the event of getting multiple of 2 on one die probability of getting a sum 7 at least once
and multiple of 3 on another. when a pair of dice are rolled n times. In order
E1 = { (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (6, 3), (3, 6), (2, 6), to have y > x, the minimum n is
(6, 2), (4, 6), (6, 4), (6, 6) } (a) 3 (b) 6
n(E) = 11 (c) 5 (d) 4
n ( E ) 11 TS EAMCET-09.09.2020, Shift-I
Therefore, P ( E ) = = Ans. (c) : Given,
n ( S ) 36
x = p (getting sum at most 7)
497. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The = P (sum = 2) + P (sum = 3) P (sum = 4) + P (sum = 5)
probability of getting two numbers whose + P (sum = 6) + (sum = 7)
product is even is 1 2 3 4 5 6 21
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/4 = + + + + + =
(c) 3/8 (d) 5/16 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-II And y = P (getting sum = 7 at least once when pair of
dice rolled n times)
Ans. (b) : Let,
= 1 – P (Getting sum = 7 zero times)
The total number of outcome is 36, favorable outcomes 0 n n
(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2) (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2,  6   30   30 
= 1 − n C0     = 1 −  
6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4) (4, 5),  36   36   36 
(4, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), ( 6, 3), (6, 4),
Now, y > x
(6, 5), (6, 6). n
Now, number of favorable outcomes is 27. 5 7
1−   >
P( product of 2 number is even)  6  12
27 3 n
= = 7 5
36 4 1− >  
12  6 
498. Two players A and B are alternately throwing n n n −1
a coin and a die together. A player who first 5  5  5 5 15 1
throws head and 6 wins the game. If A starts <
      ⇒ < ×   <
 6   12   6  6 26 2
the game, then the probability that B wins the
game is Therefore, minimum value of n is 5.
12 11 500. The probability that a mechanic making an
(a) (b) error while using a machine on the nth day is
23 23
1
5 12 given by P(En) = n . If he has operated the
(c) (d) 2
119 119
machine for 4 days, the probability that he had
TS EAMCET-19.07.2022, Shift-II
not made a mistake on 3 or 4 days is
Ans. (b) : All possible outcomes are,
1 1
(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, and T1, T2, T3, T4 ,T5, T6) (a) (b)
Therefore, total number of outcomes = 12 2 4
1 243 343
Probability of wining = (c) (d)
12 512 1024
11 TS EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-I
And Probability of losing = Ans. (c) : The probability of a mechanic making an
12
1
(
P ( B wins ) = P AB + ABAB + ABABAB + ...... ) error while using a machine on nth day is P ( E n ) = n
2
11 1 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 1 Machine operated for 4 days, so probability of making
× + × × × + × × × × × + ....∞ 1 1 1 1
12 2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 an error for 1st day, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day is , , ,
2 4 8 16
11   11   11  
2 4

= +
    
1 + + ..... ∞  respectively.
144   12   12   Now, the probability that is had not make a mistake on
Which Fom a GP 3 out of 4 is
1 3 7 5 1 1 7 15 1 3 1 15 1 3 7 1
  = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
11  1  11 144 11 2 4 8 16 2 4 8 16 2 4 8 16 2 4 8 16
= = × =
144 1 − 121  144 23 23 =
315 105
+ +
45
+
21
=
486
=
243
 144  1024 1024 1024 1024 1024 512
Statistics and Probability 1639 YCT
501. Suppose A and B are events of a random 7 1
(d) P ( B ∩ A ) = P ( B) − P ( A ∩ B ) = −
1 1 15 5
experiment such that P(A) = , P(A ∩ B) =
3 5 7−3 4
=
3 15 15
and P(A ∪ B) = .
5 502. Two dice A and B are rolled. If it is known that
Then match the items of List – I with the items the number on B is 5, then the probability that
of List – II the sum of the number on the two dice will be
greater that 9 is
List – I List – II
1 1
(A) A (i) 2 (a) (b)
P  3 4
B 15 1 1
(c) (d)
(B) P(B) (ii) 4 5 2
15 TS EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-II
Ans. (a) : Let, the events
(C) P(A ∩ B) (iii) 8
A = sum of number in two dice be greater then
15 9
(D) P(B ∩ A) (iv) 2 B = number of dice B is 5
3 Therefore,
6
(v) 3 P(A) =
36
7 6
The correct answer is P(B) =
36
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
(a) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) P(A ∩ B) =
36
(b) (v) (i) (ii) (iii)
(c) (iv) (ii) (i) (v) A
Required probability = P  
(d) (v) (iii) (i) (ii) B
TS EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-I P ( A ∩ B) 2 1
= = =
Ans. (d) : We have, P ( B) 6 3
1 1 3
P ( A ) = , P ( A ∩ B) = P ( A ∪ B) = 503. Ten persons with badges numbered 1 to 10 are
3 5 5 in a room. If three of them are asked to leave to
As we know that, room. Then, the probability to have the person
with the smallest badge number as 5 among the
P ( A ∪ B) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∪ B) three persons that left the room, is
3 1 1 3 1
= + P ( B) − (a) (b)
5 3 5 10 6
3 1 1
P ( B) = + − (c)
1 2
(d)
5 5 3 12 5
9 + 3−5
P ( B) = TS EAMCET-07.05.2018, Shift-I
15 Ans. (c) : Suppose S be the event of selecting 3 number
7 from first 10 natural number
P ( B) =
15 Therefore, n ( S ) =10 C3
1 Let, A be the event of selecting three number from 1 to
 A  P ( A ∩ B) 5 3
(a) P   = = = 10 number out of which the smallest number is 5
 B P ( B) 7 7
Therefore, n ( A ) = 1C1 × 5C2
15
7 8 n (A)
(b) P ( B) = 1 − P ( B) = 1 − = Therefore, required probability P ( A ) =
15 15 n ( S)
1 1 5−3
(c) P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) − P ( A ∩ B ) = − = 5× 4
3 5 15 C1 × 5C2 1 × 2 × 1
1
1
= 10 = =
2 C3 10 × 9 × 8 12
=
15 3 × 2 ×1

Statistics and Probability 1640 YCT

 E. Dependent, Independent Events There are 6 favourable cases in which the number on
black die is more than twice the number on the white
and Baye's Theorem die.
∴m = 6
2 1 1 n = Total number of cases = 6 × 6
504. If P(A ∪ B) = , P(A ∩ B) = and P(A) =
3 6 3 ( ∴ with each die there are six possibilities)
then m 6 1
(a) A and B are independent events ∴ Probability p = = =
n 6×6 6
(b) A and B are disjoint events 507. Five dice are tossed. What is the probability
(c) A and B are dependent events that the five numbers shown will be different?
(d) None of these
BITSAT-2010 5 5
(a) (b)
Ans. (a) : Given, 54 18
2 5 5
P ( A ∪ B) = (c)
27
(d)
81
3
BITSAT-2008
1
P ( A ∩ B) = Ans. (a) : Total number of cases = 65
6 Number of favourable cases = 6! = 720
1
P (A) = 720
Required probability = 5 =
720
=
5
3 6 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 54
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
508. The probability of simultaneous occurrence of
2 1 1 atleast one of two events A and B is p. If the
= + P(B) − probability that exactly one of A, B occurs is q,
3 3 6
then P(A') + P(B') is equal to
1 (a) 2 – 2p + q (b) 2 + 2p – q
P(B) =
2 (c) 3 – 3p + q (d) 2 – p + q
Since, P(A) ≠ P(B) BITSAT-2012
Hence, A and B are independent events. Ans. (a) : Since, P (exactly one of A, B occurs) = q.
505. The probability of India winning a test match ∴ P(A ∪ B) − P(A ∩ B) = q
against West Indies is 1/2. Assuming
independence from match to match, the ⇒ p − P(A ∩ B) = q
probability that in a 5 match series India's ⇒ P(A ∩ B) = p − q
second win occurs at the third test, is-
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 ⇒ 1 − P(A '∪ B ') = p − q
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/8 ⇒ P(A '∪ B ') = 1 − p + q
BITSAT-2013 ⇒ P(A ') + P(B') − P(A '∩ B') = 1 − p + q
1 ⇒ P(A ') + P(B') = (1 − p + q) + [1 − P(A '∪ B')]
Ans. (c) : The probability of India winning ( P ) =
2 ⇒ (1 − p + q) + (1 − p) = 2 − 2p + q
The sample space is [LWW, WLW]
∴ P(LWW) + P(WLW) 509. If A and B are mutually exclusive events and if
= Probability that in 5 match series, it is India's second 1 13
P(B) = , P(A ∪ B) = , then P(A) is equal to
win 3 21
= P (L) P (W) P (W) + P (W) P (L) P (W) (a) 1/7 (b) 4/7
1 1 2 1 (c) 2/7 (d) 5/7
= + = =
8 8 8 4 BITSAT-2011
506. A black die and a white die are rolled. Find the Ans. (c) : For mutually exclusive events, P(A ∩ B) = 0
probability that the number shown by the P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
black die will be more than twice that shown
13 1
by the white die. = P (A) + − 0
(a) 1/8 (b) 1/6 21 3
(c) 1/3 (d) 1/4 13 1 13 − 7 6 2
BITSAT-2010 P (A) = − = = =
21 3 21 21 7
Ans. (b) : The number of favourable cases are shown
below : 2
P(A) =
Number on white die Number on black die 7
1 3
1 4 510. If P ( A') = 0.6,P ( B ) = 0.8 and P ( B/A ) = 0.3,
1 5 then P ( A/B ) =
1 6
2 5 3 3
(a) (b)
2 6 20 4
Statistics and Probability 1641 YCT