Introduction for Spatial-Based

Mangrove Health Index

I Wayan Eka Dharmawan and team
Ecologist
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
INTRODUCTION
Mangrove Forest
• Area
• Quality (Healthiness)
• Structure (Zone)

Benefits for Community

Ecological, Physical, Social-Economic

• Protects Small Islands Existence

• Maintains Biodiversity and Food Web Landscape/
•
•
Supports Livelihood and Income
Mitigates climate change
Spatial
Ecological
Sustainable Studies
Mangrove
Management
MONITORING
What is the basic thinking?
Why do we need to do this?
What are the parameters for monitoring?

CHANGES = {Δarea, ΔQuality}/Time

Scale : administrative or geomorphological area
 Mangrove Forest Quality
in Several Approaches

1. National Standard : Ministry Laws No 201, 2004

2. Remote sensing analysis (NDVI, EVI, etc)
3. Mangrove Quality Index (MQI)

Issues
• Accuracy (1, 2)
• Representation (1,2,3)
• Easy-to-use; (2, 3)
• Scientific-Based (1,2)
National Standard

Therefore

INDONESIA
NEEDS ONE
STANDARD
VALUE
PROBLEM:
- confused for interpretation
- tend to choose the better
 A new approach for
mangrove healthiness assessment
(Dharmawan et al., 2020)

Ecosystem
Representation
Output-based Formed by specific
Scientific-Based
Assessment forest structure joint- Originating
Recent condition of parameter 1300 plots datasets,
mangrove ecosystem using PCA for
variables selection
MANGROVE
HEALTH
INDEX:
Cost-effective Satu Standar
and Easy Angka Acuan
Simple field survey MHI : range 0 – 100
tools and MonMang Poor, Moderate,
App Excellent
Mangrove Plant
Community as
the main focus
> 40 sites in Indonesia
+ 1300 dataset/plot
Variable Selection

Principal
Component
Analysis (PCA)

List of parameters
Density Total (N)
Density of sapling (Nsp)
Density of trees (Nt)
Diameter total (D)
Diameter of trees (Dt)
Canopy coverage (C)
Basal Area
MANGROVE HEALTH INDEX:
One metric to assess mangrove quality
Skor (range 0 – 10)
Variables: Average of SC = 0.25C – 13.06
1. Sapling Density (Nt2)
2. Canopy coverage (%) SD = 0.45D + 1.42
3. Total stands diameter SNt2 = 0.13Nt2 +
4.1

MHI = (SC + SD + SNt2) : 3 * 10

POOR MODERATE EXCELLENT

0 33 66 100
This formula is applied on each plot forest measurement, we have more 2000 plots now
We keen to learn how the formula worked in a spatial study
MHI correlation with common vegetation indices
 Mangrove Health Index Spatial Analysis

Data Acquisition A Cloud-Free Image on mangrove areas

Sentinel 2A-SR-HARMONIZED • QA60 band à cloud removal
October – December 2021 • Median value of each pixel as reducer

MHI Visualization and area Application for MHI Spatial Model

calculation • Involving several vegetation indices (Nurdiansah & Dharmawan, 2021)
• MHI = 102.12*NBR – 4.64*GCI +178.15*SIPI + 159.53*ARVI - 252.39
• Poor (<33), Moderate (33-66), Excellent (>66)
• Area for each category and forest class • where:
• NBR = (NIR - SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)
• GCI = (NIR/green) - 1
• SIPI = (NIR - blue) / (NIR - red)
Descriptive parameter analysis • ARVI = (NIR - 2.red + blue) / (NIR + 2.red + blue)
• range of MHI (minimum – maximum)
• mean Tools Google
• median Earth
• first & third quartile QGIS Engine
 Nurdiansah & Dharmawan, 2021

MHI represent a truly condition R2 adjusted: 83%

Example: Kupang NTT: Die Back
 Example for Thematic Maps
based on MHI value distribution
 POOR + OPEN
AREA
Benoa Bay Bali
1.5 ha à 9 ha
7% à 47%