References:

Bibliography:
- Lico, Gerard. Proposed Redevelopment of the Old Nueva Ecija Capitol Complex.
ARC LICO-Research-oriented consultancy 2022
- Ang Bagong Nueva Ecija. “Nueva Ecija Old Provincial Capitol -Then and Now-”
Information dissemination page 2019
Cabanatuan - Wikipedia
Web References:
-Nueva Ecija - It’s More Fun in Central Luzon. (n.d.). It’s More Fun in Central
Luzon. https://itsmorefunincentralluzon.com/provinces/nueva-ecija/#:~:text=In
%201896%2C%20Nueva%20Ecija%20became
-History of Nueva Ecija. (2015, March 13). Beauty in Nueva Ecija.
https://nazarenomaricel.wordpress.com/about-me/history-of-nueva-ecija/
-(2023). Weebly.com.
https://tourismnuevaecija.weebly.com/uploads/5/2/4/1/52413881/history_of_nueva_e
cija.doc
-Philippines Cities. (2017, July 27). Palayan City History | Tourist Spots, Language
and Festivals | Philippines Cities. https://philippinescities.com/palayan-city-nueva-
ecija/
-Nueva Ecija Old Capitol Auditorium - Cabanatuan City - WorldPlaces. (n.d.).
https://philippines.worldplaces.me/view-place/80600145-nueva-ecija-old-capitol-
auditorium.html
-LibGuides: Historical Research Method: Home. (n.d.).
https://ecu.au.libguides.com/historical-research-method

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Abstract

This study aimed to review and analyze one of the most historic sites in the
Philippines, the New Old Capitol of Nueva Ecija, also known as the Old
Provincial Capitol of the province of Nueva Ecija, based on its historical
aspects, methods of construction, and restoration process. To recapture the
events, history, and old features of the building, we designed and implemented
our own questionnaire to conduct an interview with one of the building
officials in the Old Provincial Capitol and have an on-site review and
inspection inside and outside the building. The Old Provincial Capitol of
Nueva Ecija is one of the most historic sites in the Philippines. A testament to
the American Colonial period, as it served as a groundwork for modern
progress and development. It was the provincial capital of Nueva Ecija from
the 19th century until its renovation to its new capitol in 1948. The
architectural design is preserved during the rehabilitation process, construction
materials are changed to more sustainable materials, and the building's
operation is improved by installing modern features that give it its trademark
and distinguishing characteristics from other buildings. The structure's
historical and cultural significance—conserving its heritage and spreading its
culture to future generations—makes it an important monument and has
helped Nueva Ecija grow and develop into the vibrant region it is today.
Keywords: renovation, rehabilitation, architectural design,
construction, restoration, characteristics, features

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I. Introduction

“You can’t build a great building on a weak foundation. You must have a solid
foundation if you're going to have a strong superstructure.” - Gordon B.
Hinckley

Buildings fulfill several societal needs, notably as shelter from the

elements, security, living space, privacy, a place to keep goods, and a place to
live and work peacefully. It is a physical barrier that separates the human
habitat and offers comfort and safety. The impact of building design can be
demonstrated in a variety of ways. Building design encompasses the creation
of a concept through to its realization. As a result, the designs must be
accountable in a variety of ways. Each design stage must be appropriate and
safe for society and users. A structure's foundation is the most significant
component. The strength and stability of the structure depends upon its
foundation. If the foundation fails, the super-structure however strong it may
be, cannot stand.

A building, sometimes referred to as an edifice, is an enclosed

structure with a roof and walls that stands permanently in one place, such as a
house or factory, however, moveable buildings exist. Buildings come in a
range of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout
history for a variety of reasons, including available building materials, weather
conditions, land values, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and
aesthetic considerations. See the list of nonbuilding structures to properly
comprehend the term building.

Cabanatuan remained as Nueva Ecija's capital until 1965 when the

government created Palayan City as the new provincial capital. Nueva Ecija's
old capitol and other government offices are still used and maintained by the
provincial administration. Cabanatuan lost the title of provincial capital in
1850 when the capital of Nueva Ecija was moved to San Isidro, another
historic town. It was only in 1917, when the administrative code was enacted,
that Cabanatuan was restored as capital of the province. However, in 1965,
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Congress created Palayan City, which has been the capital ever since. The Old
Provincial Capitol was built during the American Colonial Period by William
E. Parsons, a prominent American architect who also designed the Gabaldon
School Buildings and several provincial Capitols in the Philippines. William
E. Parsons built the capital building utilizing reinforced concrete and flat tile.
The Nueva Ecija Old Provincial Capitol was one of the first government
buildings to be sited in a park-like setting to amplify the building’s dignity and
American colonial presence. Before the Governor's term expires. Tomas N.
Joson III began the reconstruction of the structure alongside Freedom Park.
Despite the construction of the new Nueva Ecija Provincial Capitol in Palayan
City, the current governor and other provincial offices remain at the Old
Provincial Capitol on Burgos Street, Old Capitol Complex, Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija. The reconstruction of Nueva Ecija's ancient Capitol is an
important endeavor that tries to preserve one of the province's oldest
landmarks. The Capitol is a historically significant site for the people of
Nueva Ecija. The structure has deteriorated dramatically over time, prompting
officials to embark on a massive renovation operation to breathe new life into
it.

II. Methods of Research

This study was conduct using historical methods. Where the

researchers attempt to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the
people, meanings, events, and even ideas of the past that have influenced and
shaped the present: The Old Provincial Capitol". (Berg & Lure, 2012, p. 305 )
The researcher relies on a wide variety of sources, both primary &
secondary. The researcher went directly to the old provincial capitol to check
its structure and design. The researcher also used records or documents to be
found on the internet archive, journals and the like. The researchers directly
witnessed the account of events.

III. History

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 The Philippines was colonized by the United States for 48 years. It
started when Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898 and
lasted until 1946, when the United States recognized Philippine independence.
After US military control, the civil governments that were set up in
several regions of the Philippines during American occupation were meant to
impart to Filipinos the fundamentals of democracy. In general, local
governments in each town or municipality were under the control of the
provincial government. On June 8, 1901, the second Philippine Commission
traveled to San Isidro, the province seat of Nueva Ecija at the time, to start the
process of forming the municipal and provincial governments. The meeting
included representatives from sixteen of the 19 towns in Nueva Ecija.
Successful elections were held for various representatives from the various
towns. The difficult decision of whether to shift the provincial capital
remained, nevertheless. Since an American-led civil administration was
already taking shape, the four towns should be returned to Nueva Ecija,
according to the newly elected Nueva Ecija legislators. One of the members
said that the fact that the towns were very far from the provincial capital
wasn't a problem because it could easily be moved to Cabanatuan. Others
objected to the idea, stating that Cabanatuan lacked the necessary facilities to
seat the provincial government. The issue was not settled until the US
governor-general signed Act No. 1748 two years later, which mandated the
move of the capital to Cabanatuan by 1912.

In 1750, Cabanatuan was established as a Gapan barrio; in 1780, it was

elevated to the status of municipality and designated as the province's seat.
The government established adjacent Palayan city as the new provincial seat
in 1965, replacing Cabanatuan city as the former capital of Nueva Ecija. The
province government continues to operate out of and preserve the former
capitol building and other government buildings in Cabanatuan. The Nueva
Ecija Old Provincial Capitol is constructed during the American Colonial
Period by the prominent American architect William E. Parsons who also
designed the Gabaldon School Buildings and several provincial capitols in the
Philippines. William E. Parsons designed the capitol building using reinforced
concrete and flat tile and completed in 1912 at a cost of 81,225 pesos and

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expanded by Juan Arellano. The Nueva Ecija Old Provincial Capitol was one
of the first government buildings to be sited in a park-like setting to amplify
the building’s dignity and American colonial presence. Before the end term of
Governor. Tomas N. Joson III, he initiated the renovation of the building
together with the Freedom Park. Despite the new Provincial Capitol of Nueva
Ecija that were built in Palayan City, the current governor and the other
provincial officers still hold office at the Old Provincial Capitol located at
Burgos St., Old Capitol Compound, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.

Figure 01. Old Provincial Capitol of Nueva Ecija

IV. Construction
The Old Capitol of Nueva Ecija, also known as the Kastilyong Bato, is
a historical site located in Burgos St., Old capitol compound, Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It was built during the Spanish colonial period in the
early 1800s and served as the provincial capitol until 1915.
The construction of the Old Capitol represents a blend of Spanish and
Filipino architectural styles. The building materials used include stones,
bricks, and wood. Here are some of the detailed methods of construction used
in the Old Capitol:

1. Stone Masonry - The building's foundation and walls are made of stones
arranged in courses or layers. The stones were cut and shaped to fit perfectly,
resulting in a strong and durable structure.
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2. Brick Molding - Bricks were used as infill for the walls. They were made
using clay, sand, and water, and then molded into rectangular shapes. The
bricks were then dried in the sun to harden, and then baked in a kiln to achieve
the desired strength.
3. Wooden Framing - Wooden posts and beams were used to support the roof
and upper floors. The wood used was typically from the local trees such as
narra and molave, known for their strength and resistance to decay.
4. Lime Plastering - The walls of the building were plastered with lime to
provide an even surface. The lime was made by burning limestone or
seashells, and then mixing it with water and sand.
5. Terra Cotta Tiles - The roof was covered with terracotta tiles, which were
made by molding clay into curved shapes. The tiles were then baked in a kiln
to achieve the desired strength and durability.
6. Decorative Elements - The building has several decorative elements,
including ornate carvings and moldings. These were made by skilled artisans
who used chisels and other tools to create intricate designs.

Overall, the construction of the Old Capitol of Nueva Ecija reflects the
craftsmanship and skill of the Spanish and Filipino builders during the colonial
period. The use of local materials and techniques has resulted in a structure
that is not only beautiful but also resilient and enduring.
The old Capitol of Nueva Ecija stands as a testament to the rich cultural
heritage and historic significance of the province. Constructed in the year
1920, the old Capitol building is an architectural masterpiece that boasts of a
combination of American colonial and traditional Bahay na Bato styles.
One of the most remarkable features of the old Capitol building is the
use of distinctive brick-like bricks. Interestingly, these bricks made from
concrete were created using sand from the nearby Pampanga River mixed with
cement and iron. The mixture was poured into wooden molds and baked under
the sun resulting in bricks with a distinct reddish-brown color.
The spacious interior of the building features several unique elements,
including the use of a central courtyard that provides natural lighting and
ventilation. The Capitol building also boasts of a grand staircase with intricate
wooden carvings, which lead to the second floor hall. Here, visitors can
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marvel at the impressive stained glass windows that adorn the walls of the
hall.
One of the most notable features of the old Capitol building is its
distinctive clock tower that stands tall and proud over the rest of the structure.
The tower also serves as the main entrance to the building, with a wide
archway greeting visitors as they enter the complex.
Despite being almost a century old, the old Capitol of Nueva Ecija
remains an integral component of the province's history and serves as a
testament to its rich cultural heritage. Visitors to the building are transported
back in time and provided with an immersive experience that is truly one of a
kind.

V. Restoration

The renovation of the old Capitol of Nueva Ecija is a significant

endeavor that aims to preserve one of the oldest structures in the province.
Before the end of his term, then Governor Tomas N. Joson III initiated the
renovation of the building together with the Freedom Park. The Capitol is a
historical landmark that holds an essential place in the hearts of the people of
Nueva Ecija. Over the years, the building has faced significant deterioration,
prompting the authorities to undertake a massive renovation project to give it a
new lease of life.

The renovation of the old Capitol of Nueva Ecija started with a

thorough assessment of the building's structural integrity. The authorities took
great care to preserve the building's historical value and ensure that the
renovation did not compromise the building's architectural design. They also
consulted with experts and other stakeholders to ensure that the work was
completed within the prescribed standards.

During the renovation process, the authorities replaced the old wooden
frames and tiles with modern materials that are more durable and sustainable.
They also added modern amenities like elevators, air conditioning units, and
electrical wiring to enhance the building's functionality. The roof was also
redone, and the building's facade was restored to its original grandeur.
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 The renovation of the old Capitol of Nueva Ecija has enormous
benefits for the province. It will help boost tourism as more visitors come to
see the restored historical landmark. The renewed building will also serve as a
place for government services and functions, providing a symbolic center for
the province.

Moreover, renovating the old Capitol is a fitting tribute to the

province's rich cultural heritage, which dates back to pre-colonial times. The
restored building will serve as a symbol of the province's commitment to
preserving its history and promoting its culture to future generations.

In conclusion, the renovation of the old Capitol of Nueva Ecija is a

remarkable accomplishment that showcases the province's commitment to
preserving its culture and history. The restored building is not just a tangible
reminder of Nueva Ecija's history; it is also a testament to the province's
ongoing efforts to create a better future. With its renewed splendor and
functionality, the old Capitol will continue to be a vital par t of Nueva Ecija's
past, present, and future.

VI. Present condition

The historic capitol building is now in good shape, having undergone a

refurbishment that repaired the deterioration and changed other aspects, such
as the additional gate and planting, which lightened the sight and made the
structure more pleasant and friendly. The building's paint or hue has also done
an excellent job of making it appear fresh and clean.
Despite the addition of the gate and planting, the building design is
kept, and the building materials are altered to more sustainable and durable
materials to enable the structure to withstand the passage of time and future
calamities such as earthquakes, floods, and storms.
In conclusion, the old capitol building is still in excellent shape and is
more durable than it was before while maintaining the same architectural style
because it was not compromised throughout the refurbishment.

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 Figure 02. Renovated Old Provincial Capitol of the Province of Nueva Ecija

VII. Summary

The municipal and provincial administrations were built beginning on

June 8, 1901, when a tough choice was taken about whether to move the
provincial capitol or not. One member proposes relocating the provincial
capitol to Cabanatuan, while others argue that Cabanatuan lacks the requisite
infrastructure to house the provincial administration. Representatives from 16
to 19 towns in Nueva Ecija are attending the meeting. However, it was
relocated to Cabanatuan in 1912 when the American governor-general issued
Act No. 1748. Cabanatuan became a Gapan barrio in 1750. Cabanatuan is
promoted to the level of the municipality in 1780, and in 1965, the government
constructed neighboring Palayan City as the new provincial seat, replacing
Cabanatuan. The province government continues to function from and
preserve Cabanatuan's former capitol building and other government
structures.
The Nueva Ecija Old Provincial Capitol was designed by American
architect William E. Parson during the American Colony period. The capital is
made of reinforced concrete and flat tile. In 1912, the capitol building was
built at a cost of 81,225 pesos. Juan Arellano later expanded the building. The
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Nueva Ecija Old Provincial Capitol was one of the first government buildings
to be sited in a park-like setting to emphasize the building's dignity and
American colonial presence.
The former Capitol building, built in 1920, is an architectural marvel
that combines American colonial and native Bahay na Bato traditions. The
usage of unusual brick-like bricks is one of the most notable aspects of the
ancient Capitol building. Surprisingly, these concrete bricks were
manufactured by combining sand from the nearby Pampanga River with
cement and iron. The mixture was put into wooden molds and baked in the
sun, yielding reddish-brown bricks. The inside of the building is vast and
unusual, with a central courtyard that gives natural sunlight and ventilation. A
great staircase with beautiful wooden carvings leads to the second-floor hall of
the Capitol building. Visitors may marvel at the hall's spectacular stained-glass
windows.
Before the Governor's tenure ends. Along with Freedom Park, Tomas
N. Joson III started the reconstruction of the structure. Notwithstanding the
construction of the new Nueva Ecija Provincial Capitol in Palayan City, the
present governor and other provincial offices continue to work at the Old
Provincial Capitol on Burgos St., Old Capitol Complex, Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija. The reconstruction of Nueva Ecija's historic Capitol is an
important undertaking that attempts to preserve one of the province's oldest
structures. The Capitol is a historical site that is particularly important to the
people of Nueva Ecija. The structure has deteriorated significantly over the
years, leading officials to embark on a huge rehabilitation effort to give it new
life.
The architectural design is preserved during the rehabilitation process,
and the construction materials are changed to more sustainable and lasting
materials, allowing the structure to resist the passage of time and future
disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. They also improved the
building's operation by installing modern features such as elevators, air
conditioning units, and electrical wiring. The roof was also replaced, and the
facade was restored to its former glory. The restoration of the old Capitol pays
homage to the province's rich cultural legacy, which extends back to pre-

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colonial times. The rebuilt structure will symbolize the province's dedication
to conserving its heritage and spreading its culture to future generations.

VIII. Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their profound and humble

gratitude to the following people whose invaluable contribution helped in the
completion of this study.
The Almighty God for providing strength, knowledge, and everything
else to help accomplish this research study.
Ar. Renato T. De Guzman Jr., UAP, an incredibly supportive
instructor, for the patience, help and continuous supervision.
Our participants, Old Provincial Capitol workers and Building officials
for the guidance, advice, patience, and willingness to help and support this
research study.
The researchers would also like to dedicate this study to the parents
whose efforts are incomparable, for the devotion, unconditional love and
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support. And finally, to the people who helped in every way they can finish
this research study.

T. R. C
H. S. M
V. P. C. L
J. L. B. V
S. M. R. V

APPENDICES
Appendix A. The first and newly established building of Old
Provincial Capitol of Nueva Ecija

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Appendix B. Interior features of Old Provincial Capitol of Nueva
Ecija

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15 Group A
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Appendix C. The renovated and present building of Old Provincial
Capitol of Nueva Ecija

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18 Group A