- - w

(i) ( -) (e
*
3) x = 1
, ma (x =
1) = 2
;
mg)x
= 1) =
2m =
= n = e =

(5) 50) (
*
e
i
Y e
=
=
>
- =

x 2;ma(x 2) 1img(x 2)
v

(2)
= =
= = =
=

2x

e/)
c
-Y = = -
2 e
2x
·

4) Y =
CY ,
+ C2Y +
343 ; 4 4, 3
,
ER

d
I ad
2

2) A=
-
1 3 3

1 -
4 2 I
= O
O 2 2 -
O

1 3 3 x -

2+ 2 1 -
21

(1) (2 ( - x
-

1 3 x -
= O

(2 -

x)((1 x)(3 -
- ) + 1) = 0

2 -
x = 02X = 2

(1 x)(3 x)
-
-
+ 1 =
0

3 -

2
-
3x + Y+ 120

x 4x + 4 20

4242ma (x 2)
-

D = 0 + x 1 -
=
- = 2 T(A) = = = =
3
 1 6 10 2023
.
.

Initial Value Problems (n 2)

=

()Ga
y
&
=

any
+ 9
, 32 + b(x) Y1(d) = x

B
y2(0)
=

ya =

921Y1
+ 92232 + b2(x)
i
- :

(ii) : % =

(3) ;
b(x = &3!- Ahis
y =

(2)
Ag (case 1)
-x. + 22
1) Det the
.

eigenvalues of A
Lone & with malx = 2 Casea

AX
2) Find e

(
9) Find eigenvalues of 4 , and 4c
eignerector of 2

Case 1 >
-

b) Form C =
[01 Uc] ,
.
Find C"

(exx
*
ce = C
x .
.

&
deep in
case 2 >
-
afiedoeigenvectorofR and
(exvetti
*x
ce =
c .

**.
3) Compute Ya = e Yo

a) Calculate Yp
=. eA(x- H . blt)

5) Y =
Ya +
Yp
Yi Y e

4
1
= + 24 + Y(d) = 1

Y2 = 34, + 2Y2 + 1 Y2(0) =

3

A
= 2 ; Y =

(2) ; Y =

(3) ;
b(x) =

(a)
 Y 24 42 + 1Y(d

&
2) = + =
1

Y2 = 24 + 22x Y2(0) = -
1

<( (2) (1)

1
A =
Y =
% =

=
=
= i x

(
1
A-iI2 =
1 2 1
det
-

x0
-

& 2 O - O 2 -

2 1
-
1

= (2 2)2
-

02 -

(2 x)2 -
=
0
-(2 -

x)(2 x) -
= 0

0
y=
2 x = -

-care

2)a(A 4 I20
/ %% (9) (8) be
-
= 0 =

=
=

(i) :) a)
=
=

(A - * 2F2) Up ,
= v

: : ( %) = =

(b) (i) a(d) (i)

= =
+

op ,

3)c =

(fi) =
12 = c=
I2

det C =
1

=*
4) sin z =
L
c
If several points are
inside-split g into
simple factors ,
then you get several

integrals each ,
in b)

f(z)
y
④
Siz + 11
inis de
=
3

pe
I

i. >

1)(z + 1) =
3aG)( -

1i0) ,
z =
3) X

2)
g(z) = eize
(z i)
-
=
02) E -
i =
02)E = i =) the isolated
singular point i >
-
(0 1) ED
,

3 =n + 1 = n 2
=

3)b) CG . . = 1 =
26 i
2 f"(i) sif"(i) =

iZπ

f(z) = e

iZsT

f(z) = e .
is
N
q"(z) eiz (is)
= = x2 eizst
-

q"(i) = -
bec

I =
(i) +q )
-
-
=
- in
T

>
-

X
-

"Siz
>
(ohlzzi th
& 9
dz -
X

- (2 =
2 = b(( ,
d) ,
m =
2)
sh(z2 1) -

2)
g(z) =

(22 9))(z2 + 25)

-

22 -

970

z =
CED

z +
25 = 02e 5i ED

+
3 (30) S
-

3 - 1 3)-

5i > -

05)
&

5. G = Lo -s
;
-

3) al so
& FoeO
 22-i
g(z)
= dz
(z - 1 -
i)4

(z -

1 -
i)"20 = 2 =
1+ i -(1 1)ED,

+ +(i
3) b) I
25 i
=
=
+

f(z) z2 = -
i

f(z) = 2z

q"(z) = 2

f'(z) = 0

"S 12-1-il =
2
e dz

xy
1)(z - 1 - i) = 2
: G((1i 1) ; 2) -

2) z - 42 + 3 =0

1 = b -

4ac =
16 -
12 = 4
4 + 2
z = =
3 D
=
, 2
&
-...
+ =
-
-
O &

22 = = =
1 ED
2 -A
ez
3) f(z)
=

2
-

b = 2π -
i .

f(1) =
251 -

1 = -
π -

i .
e

7)

S 1z1 = 2
e
ya

1)(z =
2 = ((0 ; 0) ;
m =

2)
2) E -

1 = 022 = 122 =
It =
+N -
2

I
O
I
7
22 i X

g(z)
-

z2 -

22 -

1 A B Alz - 1) + B(z + 1)
= t =

(z + 1)(z 1) -
(2 + 1) (z 1) -

(2 1)(z 1)
+ =

Az-A + Bz + B = 2z -
i

z(A + B) + (A B) -
= 2z -
i

&
A +B =
2

A -

B = i A = +B

-
i + 2B =
222B =
2 +i
 18 . 12 2023
.

Fourier
Transformation
+

1) feL'(R) %(c) *( g(x) picxdx = -

Fourier
transf of

2)ft(((0 ; + d) =, (w) g(x) sin(cx) dx ,

c - Fourier
transf. by size
f(x) = (c)
vin(wi de

3)
fel((0 d) ,
e(w)
fg(x) (cox)dx ,
cco - Fourier
transf by-
cosine

f(x)
=

% x(c0) .
cos(2x) do x
;

Ex :

exxtixERE lacx
a(x) a(x) =

eaxt
0

Se
,
** +3

labig--9J()
=
: dx =

i a(x) a(x) 20
Calculate
-

v
-b) f(x)
↳
-

= e

**, xE(o ,
2)
Compute &s (C) if g(x) =

4 0; x 21

3) (c) if
Compute , f(x) =
-

E
Escu
, ce(0; f)
4)
gycx coscoxdx
Det
.
f(x) if a)
0
, C2π

b)
f(x) sin(wx)
dx =
rtg ,
wose

)x
+
4x = -

Da x + 1 =

-
x -

1x < -
1

(c)
= i +
! - a(x 1) icux dx =
+
atx-d) i +

e dx extficox gax-itico
a

&
-
1 2x-2 + icx
2+ icx
-

2x +

e e -
t
E2 + ico)
I

(2+ ic -

2 + 2-iC 2x + 2 + ic X
2-2-ice
-

icox
e e -2x-R +

-e
=
2+ in - lim X- - * 2 tiw
-
X-
him
+x
-
2 fil 2 + iw
-

I
e
- i a

2 +ice
c

ein co
= e-ico (eijor atico) pico) Etico-to =
to en
e- iw(k)

(wx)
**
* line (as (x + i sin =0

e
-
X+
0-

Eli E2 ; 1) -
1

(((wx isin((x)
- 2u -

L
= 0

line e
-
+
-
X> d -( ; 1)
El 1
; 1)
-

1
-
-
25(d) =
(sin/cx) dx +
o
.

sin (cox) dx = x
sin(cx)dx
=

'Sax costcoldx
x
(b
' 2XcosLox)
-x2
=
+
=
- a +

e
cosc +
-

vinco-dcor
I
=
2
O

-w +
Crinwy s (cow 1 -

[(z) icotlico-Limit

Pe
E
(c) =
-
2 .
-

Y . -
S
iwx
16)
-

- +
e 4 - dx
e
A ?-2AB + B2
-
*

to
log2
(E-ic2 dx
S
-

=
e => -
ic = v

-
# = do > dx -
= 2 d

atS
*

e- 22 c
i
So
-
=

do
- -
a

e 2dx =
ze
- 2 Ve

T
na) fa(x)
=

( * cas co coslcoxda + od

=
JE(cos(2-cx) + cosco fut e

- ca(a-cox dont t colu-wx) do

(x) (x)
Isin(u +
-
I sin(w + -
>
=

1+ x0
1 -
X O

Mix sin(π + <x)

= sin(i πx) + =
-

-x) (sim st ·
cossx -
cast simsix) +
six) him it cas X toos since
sint X
= Sin JX t

(1 -
x) π(1 + x)

Sinsix (T-if) =
Sinax
J
. 2 x
2 : 1 x 10 = x +

x>
#1 -
0
x +

f(x)
=
5 502(a) dc =

15 11 + colucol) do =

I (201 +
o
Simila he
= (i +0 =
1

f(x)
=

(ax inx2)
π(1 -
: x> 0 i x +
 Inverse formula

F(x) 2[9(t)] (s) given flH =? t 20

=
is >
-

Alg :

1) Take 6(z) =
etF(z ; E-C ; t20

Calculate all the residues 6

of

2) f(t) = sum
of residues
of
6

Remarks

1) lib isolated 6-
a
singular points of
- Res (G ,
a - ib) =
Res (G , a+ ib)

2) patib ei(cos b =
+ isin e

EX .

21 -
1
1) F(x) =

(0 -
1)2Fu)
zt
+
.

(2z 1)
E Pitze
-

G(z) e2 F(z)
z
Algi) (z 1(z4)
:
.
= = -

(z 1)(z2 4)
- + =

0 E Fi-isolated sing pointso .

E1 =1 = 1Soder pole-Ras(6 1) ,
Que [(z
-

1)
eEi2z ]
(z 1)(z +4)
2
=

et =
eti
-

-
-

zi(2z 1) eit(2i 1) -eit(zi-1( eitteite-zi) eit(-1-3i)

1 B(zfi)(z + il]
e
-

him(z[/ i) (
-

pole Res(G i)
=
i+
=

order
-

E
I
=
=> = -

26-1-i) 4 4
,

;
-
(in 2:
zz

e - it) 1 + 3i)
Ez i) Res(G
-

= -
iw)Res(G ,
- =
,
i) =

entil
2 .

g(t) = + eitl-bit ,
4

et -Cost +3 sint
(1-bil Last-is int - 3i) -Cost + osint
isint)
-(cost =
1 +
+ + = +
5 2
4
4

2) F(x) =

(1
'ezz
-
21(3

EK
G(z) =
(z2 2z) -
; t

(2 2z)
-
= 0

z
3 2
4Z + 42 = 0

zu- 2z 27 + 42
3
=
-
0

z(z 3
-

2) 2z4z c)
-
-
=
0

&
( 2)(z) 22 z 2 isolated
sing
-
- 20 =
.

z 220 -

-3 2z 0 - =
Ez = x
points
z2(z 2) 0x2 04z -

= = =O

z 2 = 02)2
-

=
2
 15 01
.

.
2023

Differential Eg
.
with Initial Conditions Solved with
Laplace

f) t y y, y "
, ,
,
. .
.

,
y (m) = 0
y
=

y(t) the unknown

y(0) y'(0) y(m()

*

90 mea
=
a an -1
= =

; , ..., ,

Agin) Apply Iaplace transf . to

diff -

eg, use
Propt the List and
find Ldy](s)
Enote F(s)

2) Determine the original y y(t) of F(s)

=

Prop : 5) [[y'](s) s2[y](s) y(0) =

-

I(y"](s) = s 2[y](s) -

-y(0) y(0) -

enging in zij -
g(d)
-

mild -

. . .
-

y(m)(d

Ex :

1)y" 2y -

+
y
=
cost
y(d) =
1, y(0) =
0

- -
initial cond
diff. Es .

2[y" -

2y +
y]() = 2 [cos +](a) >
-

[(y](x) =?
2 [Y "3(e) -

22[y'](x) +
2[y](0) =
2
+1

2(33(x)
eg(0) y(0) 2(02(y3(d) y() 2(y](0) t
-
- -
- + =
s
e

c
[(y](s) -

1
-

2x[(y]() + 2+ 2(y]() =
c2 + 1

1) p24 A
202- Its a 20+ 20
2[y](a)(s 2[y3(x) =
+ -
2
2 +
-
-
=
-
20 + = 1 -
I = =

12 + 1 x+

13 -
20 + 2 -
2
F(s)
=

(2+ 1)(0 12
=
*
(2) 2z+2z 2)
-

2) G(z) ett e -

F(z)
-

=
.

(z 1)(z 1)2
+
-

E = =i +1 order

(z 1)(z + -

1) =
0

~ E= + 2nd order
-
I

e (q3
[
cos(6 1)
-
22
2
+
22
=

R (2-1) .

(z2 +1)(z 1)2

,
-

-him [tetz
-
2z2+ 27 -

2) + e
*

(3) -
4z + 2))(z ) -

etT(z3 2z - + 2z -

2)2
(2 + 1)2
2