Pt.

Ravishankar Shukla University

School of Studies in Computer Science & IT

Presentation on

Biomedical image processing

GUIDED BY:- PRESENTED BY:-
Dr. SANJAY KUMAR MOKSHADA YADAV
H.o.D M.Sc.(IT) 3rd sem
Roll no:2010187012
HARSHA PANDEY
Assi. Professor
Biomedical image
processing
3 CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING
 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
4 INTRODUCTION

 BIOMEDICAL:- It deals with the functioning of the human body and health
related stuff.
 IMAGE :- It is representation of something or someone ex- any drawing ,
painting , photograph .It may be black & white or color.
 PROCESSING:- processing is any form of signal processing for which the
input is an image and the output may either be an image or a set of
characteristics or parameters related to the image.
5 BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

 It is a processing of the image witch are obtain some various instrument

witch will provide information about the physical health of the patient.
 It is the technique and process used to create images of the human body
or parts of it for clinical purposes or for studying anatomy and physiology.
 Biomedical image processing includes the analysis, enhancement and
display of images captured via instruments such as X-Ray, Ultrasound, MRI
(Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT scanners, nuclear medicine and
optical imaging technologies.
6 NEED OF IMAGE PROCESSING IN
MEDICINE
 Bio-medical Image analysis and processing has great significance in the
field of medicine, especially in Non-invasive treatment and clinical study
 There are many problems in medical image analysis and interpretation
involve the need for a computer aided system to understand the images
and image structure and know what it means.
 The accurate interpretation and analysis of medical images often become
boring and time consuming, because there is much detail in such images.
7 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

 Biomedical image processing covers biomedical signal gathering, image

forming, picture processing, and image display to medical diagnosis based
on features extracted from images. Image processing covers four main
areas:

1 ACQUISITION
2 PROCESSING
3 Analysis of image.
8 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
9 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
1 ACCQUISITION
• X-RAY
• MRI
• CT
• MRA
• PET
• ULTRASOUND………..and more
10 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

2. PROCESSING
• PRE PROCESSING
• SEGMENTATION
• DETECTION
• ANALYZIN
• DIAGNOSIS
11 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 PRE PROCESSING
Original
Enhanced
• Filtering
• Image Denoising
• Image Registration
• Image Enhancement
LIST OF ALGORITHMS OF PRE PROCESSING
Median filter , mean filter , wavelet based
denoising , wavelet based image registration
12 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 SEGMENTATION

Exactly delimitate objects, once they are

detected. Uses algorithms such as k mean, neuro fuzzy , snake algorithm , neural network
based segmentation
• Vessels
• Liver
• Cardiac imaging (left ventricle)
• Brain
13 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 DETECTION

Find location of objects of interest without

prior knowledge about their location/existence

• Bones
• Organs
• Polyps in colon
• Nodules in lungs
14 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

 ANALYZIN

• Measurement
Volume – growth
Vessel stenosis
• Functional imaging
Stroke
Cardiac perfusion
Tumor perfusion
• Cardiac function
motion
Injection fraction
15 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

DIAGNOSIS
 Classify as normal/abnormal (brain)
 Classify lung nodules as bening
 Determine cancer/non- cancer
16 X-RAY

 Two-dimensional projection radiography is the oldest medical imaging

modality and is still one of the most widely used imaging methods in
diagnostics.
 X-Ray Image Formation
 A beam of X-rays is directed through a patient
onto a film.
 The film provides a measure of the ray
attenuation in tissue.
 A beam of X-rays is directed through a patient
onto a film.
 The film provides a measure of the ray
attenuation in tissue.
17 Sample X-Ray Slices
18 Computed Tomography (CT)

 Image Formation The object is viewed from a

number of different angles and then a
cross-sectional image of it can be computed
(reconstructed).
Nov 8, 1895 G. Hounsfield (computer expert) and
A.M Cormack (physicist) (Nobel Prize in Medicine
in 1979).
Provide 3D anatomical information Preserves
topology (bones) - Excessive radiation - Not good
for all soft tissues
19 Sample CT Slices
20 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

 Image Formation
 - Hydrogen nuclei (protons) under
a strong magnetic field spin in phase with one
another and align with the field.
- Relaxed protons induce a measurable radio signal.

- Main modality for image guided surgery.

- Superb ability to discriminate between subtle
differences in tissue characteristics.
- Very safe.
- Less accurate for bone scanning.
21 Sample MRI Slices
22 Ultrasound (US)

 Image Formation -An ultrasonic energy is

propagated into the patient from a transducer
placed on the skin and back-scattered echo signal
is recorded by the same transducer.
 1979 Samuel H. Maslak

-Noninvasive
-Clean &safe
-In-expensive
-Noisy
- Gas filled and bony structures cannot be imaged because they absorb
ultrasound waves.
23 Sample ULTRASOUND Slices
24 ADVANTAGES

 Applying information analysis and visualization to biomedical research

problems.
 It is possible for doctors to see the interior portions of the human body, with
extreme clarity, ease and detail, thus facilitating easy detection and
diagnosis of various diseases.
 It has also helped doctors to make keyhole surgeries without opening too
much of the body.
 It modified to analyze the outputs of medical imaging systems to get the
best advantage to analyze symptoms of patients with ease.
25 CONCLUSION

 In medical sciences, image processing has enabled for accurate and fast
quantitative analysis and visualization of medical images of numerous
modalities such as MRI, CT, X-Ray, etc.
 It has also enabled doctors and researchers at remote sites to easily share
data and analyze, thereby enhancing their ability to diagnose, monitor
and treat various medical disorders.
 Due to advancement in image processing tools, it has become possible to
acquire high quality images of different parts of the human body and
analyze the images using various softwares, thereby facilitating the early
detection of many diseases such as cancer, abnormalities in organs, etc.
thus enabling accurate diagnosis which has helped in saving human life.
26

THANK YOU