a Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Joints Pr Fx 10 30014142 7 pd. na es x= 5303.35 CHAPTER-3.2 = 1 070; Ta. 3.2, WELDED JOINTS Resultant sear load dus to combined Fi, Fs ———————— Ree qi thy 428, F, 0088 3.2.4, INTRODUCTION, = [4807 +3305" (0x-480743305%0:707) Welding can be dined as a process of joining two similar or dissimilar metals by heating to ah 4 suitable temperature with or without the application of pressure. Welded joints so formed are F293 permanent joins and they cannot be separated without affecting a fracture, There are three main So, the net loads eting onthe bolts are: types of welding : Shear oad, F,= 93430 © Farge welding Tensile oad, F,= 4807 (Gi) Electric resistance welding and Corresponding stresses ae, (Gi) Fosion welding. E38 ln forge welding, he pats are Heated to reach the plastic stage and the join is propared by spolying impact force. In electric resistance welding, the pats are press togethor and an electric current is passed ‘through them, So, the metal is heated to the fusion temperature + Moximum sear sess Sna = L-Ya? ode = 1 [i807 4034) 1a fasion welding, the two pieces tobe jined are heated to the fusion temperature by an oxy 2 7 scetylene flame or by an electric arc and then joined together by an additonal filler matetal from 9608 4 welding rod. Is the mostly used welding 4 ‘The general applications of welding are the following -Erquating this tothe given value of shear stress ie. 50Vinmi? @) Welding can bo sod as a substitute fora riveted joint so = 2648 Gi) Welding can te used as a fabrication medium to join pats permaneatly and to fort 7 built-up part aetiereetle (Gi) Wetding can bo used to substitute casting and forging manufacturing methods. From PSGDB 5 42, the bolt suitable for this application is M20. Ans Advantages: Ee © Welded joints ae ighter in weight and have higher joining eicienoy Bolt chosen is M20, (Gi) Welded joints are leak proof and economical from the economic point of view of material and labour GilThe design of welded assemblies can be easly and economically modified to meet the changing product roquicements (Gv) The production time is less for welded assemblies.Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Joints 359 Limitations: ‘Single U butt joint 20-60 Grp in aig cht ce Se 0 tasty une tata Sarno te pr, oy ing He stresses. Therefore it needs stress relieving beat treatment. (ii) Lap joint cath pk enh a nen ae ned pent i eo Ua Jo, pli ected nh ster rw costco, Te te gow pae tras? 22 Tvs oF WELDED JoNTS Well o ese ote stereos tetas ae Wolded joints are classified according to the relative positions of the two components to be joined. There ae five basic types of welded joints, () But joint: It is used to join the ends or edges of two plates. The sucfaces of plates are located in the same plane. The edges of the plates are boveled depending upon their thickness, Table 3.2.1 indicates the thickness of plates for which different types of but joints are used. WAN (4) Square bjt (0) Single V- bet jae (@) Single U- but joint (© Double V- but joint (6) Doobie U- but joint Fig 3.28. Various types of but joints Table 3.2.1 Types of jolts | Thickness of pate (rin) Saqace but joint 1-6 Single V battjoat 6-0 Double Vbuttjomt | ‘12380 Such a wold is also called filer weld. A fillet weld consists of approximately triangular cross-section joining tovo surfoces at right angles to each other. Sometimes it Reinforcément ray also be reinforced to increase the load capacity of the Fig 3.29. Lap joint eeld per unit length as shown in fig, 3.29, Gi Tee ‘The two plates are arranged in *T” shape io, located at right angle to exch other and the overlapping edges are welded by fillt wold a shown in fig3.30, ef joints Fig. 331. Comer joint eee Fig, 3.32, Edge join (69) Corner joint Im this type of joint, two plates are atranged at right sngles such that it forms an angle ie. L~ shape. The adjacent edges are joined by a fillet weld. () Edge joint: For plates of thickness fess than 6mm, the ends of the overlapping plates een be directly ‘wolded atthe edges as shown in fig 3.32. Such joints ae called edge fmt. 3.2.3, BASIC WELD SYMBOLS. Table 3.2.2 shows various types of welded joints and ther symibols according to the IS: 813+ 1961,Design of Machine Elements Table 3.2.2. Basie weld symbols ‘ne | _ Name of joint oink Symbol 1 ster 2 | square but 3 |sinete v- bu 4 | Double V- but GN 5 | single U- bus 6 | Doubie burt 7 | single bevel bur, + [patcrontn | YUP > |oerme — | V/s ufone |Z//7pss 2 foainenm | ARIES DO lengths of transverse fillet weld 45> length of parallel fillet wold Fig. 3.36, Combination of transverse 3.2.6. DESIGN OF TEE JOINT “and paratet filet weld ‘When two plates are joined together at right angles to each other, it is ealled fee joint @ When tee joint is subjected to a tensile force perpendicular (othe plane of weld as shown in fig 3.37, it will be dosigned for tensile strength. The design procedure is same as that (of transverse fillet weld andthe strength equation for double fillet-welded joint is PaLalthlo7 Similarly, the design strest valuos of different welded connections are found and summatized in (i) Fig 338 shows a tee joint in which a load acts parallel to the plane of the weld with small eccentricity. This type of joint is designed for shear strength, The strength ‘equation for double fillet weld joints P= Lalshte Design of Machine Elements Fig. 3.37, Tee joint with force P perpendicular tothe plane ofweld able3.24, Ph 138 Teen wt force para tothe plane ofweld - Table 3.2.4: Weld stress formulae o TDpe of wel and ooing Formula for weld res 7 S| ot | hi [2 = P Design of Welded Joints 3.65 7 i srM, uer® 6h + 4h”, : oe : ont : if Mas z366 Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Joints ae = is Wada on 144 P Gray ete Bow 1AM Phe Wry, a a - z | gn B27 P i % 9354 P wl - 7 co ir 283M, % @ 1a BM ( ae % @ Ze Ne 14 7 | Both plate seme thickness = 424M, L IPF 316 7) Ld Z i)368 Design of Machine Elements pane roenepinnd a 7 7 Z oP ot Wire ar z ae y _ ork au M, on Wee THIGH) 7 uf [=] > fn Sou br iG eh : M,Gts18h) 0701 P a RT 7 23M, a= aM, aP Hl on za ” 30 3Ba Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Jotnts a7 = — Joi] Coripresion [100 P33 SYS ‘Shear 35 21 70 35 | =a] rm Fillerwelds (At | 79 [2 SS 1 a(S EIN ‘Source: Welding Handbook American Welding Society, 1950 ‘When the components ace made of high carbon tel or alloy stl, the weld deposit is weaker than the stenath ofthe connect components. In such cases, the properties of tho wold deposit, x aamely the tensile strength or yield strength is considered as a etiterion for determining ane ermissble eee. dhish! ‘Table 3.2.6 shows the allowable static loads per linear cm of weld on mild steel fillet welds. P Pat el 0 77 Table 3.2.6, Allowable static lad per incr crm of weld on mild see fillet welds Sie of we, Bare electrodes Covered electrodes aie ram | Normatweld | Parle weld | Normatweld | Parallel veld os Nomad ares Smal Tox x = Linear distance 2x3 1667N 1324 2060 1667N | Size of weld Tenth of weld 5x5 mra6w aie 3452 ABN ‘Source: Wekding Handbook American Welding Society, 1950 x6 | s85N 2028 ali" iN 3.217. STRENGTH OF WELDED JOINTS [em 350LN ae “The permissible sresses for standard strustures are covered by National or Intemational ie ait aay “a0 soo | cedes. Dang the design of such a welded joint, th designer should se the values of permissible * stcesses given in the relevant standards. In most ofthe cases, the strength of the weld deposit is 12x12 ‘6s70N 5264 8238 6570N ‘higher than the streagth of the connceted parts such as 4x14 1659N 6129 9581N ‘7659N @ The componcats are made of mil ts! with les than 03% carbon. aw a ay maa ia Gi) The wolding electrodes containing 0.15% carbon, and i)The electrodes are coated, resulting in shielded welding. ‘The permissible stresses for various weld deposits may vary between 21 ~ 125Nimm* as sivenin tle 3.25. Table 3.2.5, Design stresses for welds made with mild steel electrodes Bare electrodes | Coated electrodes ‘Steady | Reversed | Steady | Reversed Youd | toad | load | toad Bua [Tension [90 [35 To [55 Type of weld and load Source: Welding Handbook, American Welding Society, 1930 3.28, ECCENTRICALLY LOADED WELDED JOINTS 1m maay practical cases such as structural joints where the external load applied may not pass through the geomettic centre. These joints are called eccontrically loaded joins. In eccontric loading of welded joints, two types of stresses are induced, One is direct shear stress, while the ‘ther may be bending or torsional shear stresses. There are two types of eccentric welded connections, (@ Welded connections subjected to moment acting ina plane of the welda 372 Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Joints aa ig (Gi) Welded connections subjected to moment acting in a plane normal to the plane of the Assuming that failure of the weld take place at the minimum resisting area i.e., at the 7 weld, throat 7 (Gi) Welded connections subjected to dicot shou, bending and Torsional loads. {2 Case 1: Welded connections subjected to moment acting in a plane normal to the plane of the weld (ce. direct shear and bending stresses): (Consider a cantilever beam loaded as shown in fg. 3.39. Tho forces acting onthe joint are (Direct shear force duc to force P. Bending stress due to bending momont (Px e. y. 4 pI pT Fig. 3.58. Eccentricaly loaded welded ‘The stresses due to direct shear force will be shearing in nature ic, same as discussed in section 3.2.5 for a parallel double fillet weld. tis given by Pe lAlhle a. Taran ‘The bending stress due to bending moment may be calculated by bonding stress equation , Mj = Bending moment € = excentrcity of load acting 24 = section modulus of weld Yom 4 x Tost thickres « F ‘We know that, throat thickness, ¢= 0.707h gon 20TH et For both sides welded connection gy 2eO-TOTH 6 The bending suess, p> —P*2__ 3, 207A ae Since it is @ case of biaxial loading, resultant stress due to direct shear and bending stress is obtained by using ma ‘The resultant stress should not exceed tx Case (i): Welded connections subjected to moment in the plane of the weld (ie. direct shear and torsion) (Consider a generalized case of cocentrcity Loading as shown in fig 3.40 Fig. 3.40Design of Machine Elements Designoftteliedtonis 88 74 Th auch problems, the fet step isto determine the conte of gravity of wolds, treating the (Bending stress due to bending moment (Px 3) weld 4s 2 line. Let two equal and opposite loads P; and P2 are introduced at the centre of gravity (iil) Secondary shear stress due to twisting moment (P x e1) G° Ther are bwo stresses induced inthis system; (@ Direct or primary stress due to load P, =P. Gi) Secondary shes stress du to tarting moment (Ps ¢) of Toad P which tends 10 rotate the joint about @ Total area othe weld is given by A=O.707H REA) Primary or dirct shes stress due to Tosa P eee Pee 4” dyin +H Secondary sheae sress due to twisting moment Fig. 341, Whee, M,= Twisting moment =P x Primary or direct shear stress due to load P re radius at which the maximum shear stess will act P P af ara A Breaot weld Je~ polar moment of inertia of weld section (from table 3.2.7 or PSGDB 11.5) Sevondary shear stress du to twisting moment (P x €3) Where, M;=Twisting moment = x ‘The resultant seus can be calculated by using ‘r= radius at which the maximum shear sess will act Pe ceeerreer | Ja poler meat of ners of eld esto a le 32.7 oe PSGDB LL)! Wha, 0 Angle betwen pinay ed today ses | esate c0s0= g GB | 4 a ‘The resultant shear stress duc to t) and %, can be calculated by using, “heres oss hn ot era lial “The bonding sess du beng moment maybe calcd by Bending bes Consider a circuler rod welded tothe steel support plate on one end andthe other end is | equation ‘connected with stel rectangular bar. The arrangement is show in fig, 341. | “The forces acting on the welded joint are on EXE (eM=P xe) | Z, (Direct shear force due to load P376 Design of Machine Elements Design of Welded Joins amr 7 The resultant stress due to © and ©} is obtained by using maximum shear stress 7. theory as it : Lowe vee bray ton dost 7 é “The resultant stress should not exceed tus. . Dodvd? - ‘Table 3.27 indicates the polar moment of inertia (J) and section modulus (Z,) for some paar * of weld sections (rated a line). (Also refer PSGDB L1.S & 11.6) top bs2dP_aeray #0 +d) Table 3.2.7:Propertes of weld treated as line on | 2 beta ied) ‘SI. 7 ke BENDING about TWISTING about Abd+d* No | Mutine of welded joint | oricontab as XX, Zn | _centroidal i, Je op “| : ‘ Po+d)v t : 7 aed) 6 o HL a 7 7 - 5 1% Be 43bd* é sare ae 1264) — ae bedP Bi O+ah Dn bed Do (+2) _ 44h 2 baad378 Design of Machine Blemenis 3.28, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR Stress concentration is prosont at the weldment because of abrupt change in cross section. The flow of force from one position of the assembly to other is shown in the following figs. Lap joint ‘with fillet weld subjected to tensile force is show in fig 3.42, Butt joint subjected to tensile force is shown in fig 3.43, The stress concentration cours at too and heel points A and B. The stress concentration factor for diferent types of welds is given in table 3.2.8. Table 3.28 St ress comcenation ‘Type of weld no | TPE of factor | Saeed 7 Reinforced but weld 13 : Toe of transverse fillet weld or 1s orm fillet weld Bad of parallel let weld or 7 longitudinal weld “but jot with sharp comers, 20 Incase of fatigue loading, the stress concentration factor shouldbe taken in to account Design stress < Nominal stress» stress concentration factor. 3.2.10, FATIGUE STRENGTH OF WELDING Fatigue strength related to fatigue life could be expressed by the empirical relation nf i fatigue strongth (know) for fatigue life No, MPa Design of Welded Joints 379 0.13 for but welds 18 for plates in bending, axial tension or compression. Allowable fatigue strength for fille welds fo 2,000,000 eyeles i 045 =2ES. nnn? oe 1537.6Ninn? whichever i ess wg 3 tae aga eg fe il wd 60,00 eset y=-!258_ nme? ce 1S576¥inm? vices ee 2 Allowable fatigue strength for fillet welds for 100,000 eyeles is cae Nina? oe 15976inn? ice iter ‘Thevalueof | K=+1 forsteady stess K=0 forthe load varies in one direction 1 for completely reversed loading 3.2.11. WELDING SPECIFICATION ‘The welding symbol is sed to convey the designer’s idea to the welding operator by placing it to a suitable place of the drawings. Tho basic symbols used to specify the type of weld (ecommended by 1S: 813-1961) are shown in the table 3.2.2. Fash soot Length of wo Contour symbat Sx. ‘Unaetd length eee Fx el yb fetes rw Wel al around ‘Syrbol ‘Ao connecting onl eae” a Ba hn ‘Fig 3.44. Standard location of weld Symbol3.80 _Design of Machine Elements The complete weld symbol consists ofthe fllowingelemen's ax shown in ig. 3.44 A basic symbol iso speify te type of weld (@ An anow anda reference line indicate the locaton ofthe weld (Gi) Supplementary symbols (refer table 32.10) indicate special instructions (Ge) Dimensions ofthe weld in cross ostion and length are leo indicated, (0) “The notation of welds for various types of welded joins i illustrated i table 3.29. “he location of weld is indicated by an asow and a reference line. When the weld symbol is above the reference line, the weld is made on the same side of the joint as the arowhead as sown in fig. 2.45 (3), When the weld symbol is above the reference line, the weld is made on the other side of the joint opposite the ‘arowhead as shown in fig. 3.45 (b) Ifthe weld symbol is both the side of reference line as shoo in fig. 3.45 (@) then both sides to bo welded, The length of the weld is indicated on the righthand side of the symbol. Ifmohing i speci, it mca that te welds continuous afong te entice length ofthe oi. oH, rh 2/SD/ Ws be mada che Woe b8 mason he ‘ore deo ajo ‘thar seat ene RS Wil ote made on both ses ft Fig. 3.45. Table. 3.2.9. Notations of Weld a) Double let weld (8) Single fillet vl ZN (Single ¥= ba joint Design of Welded Joints 3a Za ( Dove V- bt joie (6) Double poral fet weld ZN 1 Eee weldjooe N Table 3.2.10. Supplememary Symbols = = sine. | totale epeattin | Symbol 1 | Weld stroma P— ° » | stem aie Gade al ‘ 3 Flush contour / # fa 4. | Convex contour 7 + 4. Concave contour 4G 7 6. Grinding finish / £ | 2 ‘Machning finish 4 g a” 8 ‘Chipping finish / < = 3.242, SOLVED PROBLEMS eS aa ee ern A plate 6dr wide and Inn thick is weed to another plate by two parallel filet welds as shown in fig 846, Determine the safe load that he weld join can cary. The allowable working stress in shear forthe weld materials 75Nime3.82 Design of Machine Elements « Given data: "Wit of te pls, 5 6mm, : ee | “Thickness ofthe plate, ¢ 10mm Allowable shear siress, «= 75N/nm’ To find: Safe load, P Apia. © Solution: ‘Since the thickness ofthe plate i 10mm, wo can assume the size of weld as 10mm ic, f= 10mm, ‘Area of the weld, =2 x 0.707 x hx 0.707 « 10x 60 A= 848.4, Allowable shear stress, As. Result: ‘Safe load thatthe weld can cary, P = 63630.N Find the sic of the weld forthe connection shown in fig 347. f the ens oad acting om the connection is F20N, Assume permissible sheer stress onthe welds 75MPx Given data Load, P = 120EN = 120 x 1030 ~ Permissible stress, «= SMPs To find: | a 75 Size ofthe weld, © Solution: ‘Area of the weld, A= 070TH(25-+d)= 0.107 xix 2x 75-+80) A= 162.614 Fig. 3.47. Design of Welded Joints 3.83 Portnissible shear stress, 4 12010" 162.605 f=9,839 say 10mm Ans. a Result: Size ofthe weld, b= 10mm A plate 100mm wide and 12 Suan thick is tobe melded to ancther plate by means of vo paralet {filet welds. The pltes are subjected toa lad of SORN, Fn the length of the weld so thatthe ‘maxiauam ress des not exceed S6Ninn’. (Do the calculations under tate loading). IMKU-Apr’ 96]. Given data: ‘Width of tho plate, 8 = 100m ‘Thickness of the plate, = 125mm Load, ? = S0RN= 50x 10°N ‘Maxiamom etese, ¢ = S6N/mm? To fi: Length ofthe weld, © Solution: ‘This problem can be solved either of the following two methods. Students are advised to follow method 1 which is very simple. However, for understanding, of the baste priniple of esses induced inthe joint, method 2 is useful Method 1: From table 3.2.4 (or PSGDB 11.3), the stress induced in the equation, is type of welding is given by o7071P HL = 2.707% 5010? 156 15x!Design of Welded Joins eof 385 ~ 584 Destgn of Machine Elements co ‘1=505mm “Ans, uo G) Length of the weld in single transverse, f; Cilla Sateen i Since the thickness ofthe plat is 12 Sm eee | The sizoof weld ~ 12 Sum $ ne c ‘Area ofthe weld, A= 2% 0.707 xx =2 «0.107 x 12.5% (i) Length of och parallel Filet weld, (varying load) A= 17615 1mm? ‘Maximum fad that can be applied on the plat without failure is Maximum stress, r= ESL) ‘Maximum load (P) = Area tensile stress («) TS Nrea(d) =b%1%5°= 100% 12570 : seu 50210? P=87300N x °e8 176751 Incase of varying load, the stress concentration factor for c T= 505mm (Transverse weld = 1.5 Length ofthe weld, /=50.Smm Ans, a (Gi) Parallel filet weld = 2.7 (from tebe 3.2.8) a Peosibieste sess,o~ 1 60? Length of the weld, /= 50.Simm 1s es A plate 100mm ee as 125mm thick is 0 be welded to another plate bj means of single transverse and double paralel filet welds. Determine the length of weld run in exch case, ifthe Joint is subjected to varying loads. The recommended design stress in tension is not exceed 10Nimnt and in shear SON/non for static loading. (MU-020'99} Given data Width ofthe plac, b= 100mm ‘Thickness of the plato, 12 Sm Design stress in tension, 0, = 70mm? | T tb Design stress in shear, = S6N/mn? To find: Length of the weld in single transverse =f Gi) Length of the weld in double parallel = / Fig. 3.49. i © Solution: In this case the single transverse weld is subjected to tensile stress and parallel fillet welds are subjected to shear stress Permissible shear sess, v= 2% a7 Load carriad by single transverse weld, Prem 0107 x hy hy x0/= 0.707 x 125 x 87.5 x 46.7 P)=36112.234N Load carried by doublo paral illet weld, 20.107 hx bx 152% 0,707 «12,5 x bx 467 P= 266.5791 Maximum load, P=P; +P;=36112.234-+366.579, 87500 = 36112.234 4+ 366.5791; = 140.180, Length ofthe wold in parallel fillet = y+ 12,5 = 140,18 +125 152.68mm say 153mm Ans, 0.74 N i Results: Length of the weld in single transverse, , = 87 5mm (Length of the weld in double parale, = 153mmDesign of Machine Elements ‘made of Snum steel plate hemisphere, butt welded together. The subjecte, ifthe permissible stress were limited to 70Nimm. Giver data: “Thickness of the plate, = 8mm, Diameter ofthe vessel, D= Sr = 500mm Permissible stress, «= TON To find: Allowable i al pressure © Solution: ‘Area of the weld, A= 2% D x tx 5000 x 8 A= 125663.Tmn* Maximum load that the vessel can carry, Pe stress x Atoa =70 x 125663. = 8.796 x 10'Nim We know that, Maximum load ofthe vessel = Pressure x Area of vessel =px% x 5000)" Bx 7 x (5000) 8.796 x 10 =p x 7 x ($000)? Preseure, p= 0.448 Aus, Result: ‘Allowable pressure inside the vessel, p= 0.448Nvinm* or MPa : ao eS ‘A Smo diameter solid shaft is welded to a flac plate by 8mm filet weld. Determine the ‘maximus torque thatthe welded join can sustain the permissible shear stress intensity inthe veld material is not o exceed 70MPa. Given data: Diameter ofthe solid shat, D= SOnim Weld size, = Bm Design of Welded Joints 3.87 Permissible shear stress, «= 70MPa Tofind: Maximum torque, M, @ Solution: “The maximum shear stress {er this type of joint is given in table3.24 (er refer PSGDB 113) 2M, oa 950 2a, O° 8507 Fig. 35t Me= 1554144760 =1554Ne Aa Result ‘Maximum torque thatthe welded joint can sustain, M,= 1554.1 N-m A circular shaft, 60mm in diameter, is welded to a support plate by means of a fillet weld as shown in fig. 352. Determine the size of weld, if the permissible shear stress in the weld is limited to 8SMPa. Given data: Diameter of shaft, D = 60mm Load, P= 7ki¥= 70000 Permissible shear stress, += 8SIM{Pa= 854mm Tofind: Size of weld, © Solution: ‘This problem can be solved ether ofthe following two methods. Students are advised to follow method | which is very simple, However, for understanding of the basic principle of stresses induced in the joint, method 2 is usefulDesign of Machine Elements Method I: From table 3.2.4 (or PSGDB 1.3), when a circular bar welded to the plate by filled ‘weld all around the edge and subjected to bending moment My (=P e), the stess induced is givon by the equation, Bending moment, My = P x ¢= 7000 x 150= Usually, op = 2% t= 2 « 85 = 170N-rum 1050000 ra» 5861080000 2x60 xh 13.0800 Aas Method 2: ‘This joint is subjosted to direct shoar stress andthe bending stress. Area ofthe weld, A =¢x D= 0,707 hx D= 0.707 x hx mx 60 133 h P _ 7000 _ 52.526 Diret shear stress, = 2 = TEE = 22 Bending moment, M, = P x ¢= 7000 « 150 1050000N-nim From table 3.2.7 and considering thickness of weld D* _ wx0-707 hx (60)? + 4 Seotion modulus, Z = 1998.99h Design of Welded Joints 339 .. 1050000 _ 525.26 Bending stress, 0 1950000. 1998.99% Maximum shear stress, Result: Size of weld, h=3.15mm A shaft of rectangular cross section is welded o support pte by means of fet weld on its ‘one end as shown in fg 353. The oer end is loaded by 2SKN. I the eof welds 6mm, find the masinur normal and shear sires In the mld Given data: Load, P-25kN'= 25000N ooentrcity, «= S00mm ‘Cross section =100%150%m Sizo of weld, h = Gum To find: 1 Maciensen norma stress 2. Maximum shear stress © Solution: ‘The joint is subjected to direct shear 100 <1somm ‘and bending stress. Throat area of the Fig. 433, rectangular section AM1Qb42d)= 0707 x6 x (2x 15042% 100) (oF 070TH) 12a Direct shoarstross, P _ 25000 = 11.782 A 223.90 Design of Machine Elements Bending moment, Mg Px ¢=25000 x 500 = 12.5 « 10°N-mm. From table 3.2.4. Sestion modulus by considering the weld thickness 4) 0.07 x6 {inaaso st) 95445 ron? 125 xho* 130.965 95445 Maximum normal stress Maximum principle stress, mue= 30285 4. A is0 965° ea. Te oy = 132Nine Ans. Maximum shear stress 1 7 trae = So, + ae 2 = pils0 965" ear 7877 eae 66.53Ninni= Ans Result: ‘Maximum normal stress, © ma ™ 132N/un? Maximum shear stess, Tax = 66.53 Niro? ‘A bracket of width 35m is welded to @ machine frame ts shovn in fig. 334. The masioure Toad on the bracket s 1 tonne. Find the size ofthe weld atthe top and bottom of the bracket. (U-Apr'03] Given data: ‘Width ofthe bracket = 35mm. ‘Maxianum load, P= Itonne = 1000 x 9.81 =9810N, Design of Welded Joints 391 Tofind: Sive ofthe weld, A © Solution: Area of tho wold, A =2 x 0.707 x hx 0.707 xh 38 A= 49.49% mt Primary or direct shear stress, Load (P) __9810__ 1982 42 Area(d) ~ WA9KH Eocentrcity, ¢= SOmm Bening moment, M= P x e= 9810 x 50 = 490500N-mm. From table 3.2.7 Seotion modulus, uct =35 x20 x 0.707 = $30.25 h 490500 _ 925 yy, Z 33025h” Bending stress, = inn? We know that, Maximum shear ste, Se ™ ETF) ‘Assume maximum shear stress in the weld is equal to SON/oun? b= 10.060 say Mmm Ano Reult: Size ofthe weld, b= 5.Sinm Haan ‘The bracket arrangement i shown in fg. 155. The prouding portion ofthis bracket consis of aT’ cross section with the dimensions indicated and is welded to a support plate. The load to be supported is 40KN. Find the necessary weld size for the connection between the protruding portion and the support plate, The maximum shear stress in the weld should not exceed 100Ninan. fy3.92 Design of Machine Elements Fig. 355. @ Solution: > The welded joint given in problem is eubjected to direct shear and bending stress. ‘Aen of weld, A = (100 +80 + (2 x 100)) 0.707 x f= 268.66h mm® P _ 40000 _ 1488 A 268.66h ending moment, Ms= P x €~ 40000 x 300 = 12 x 10*Nmae From table 3.2.7 or PSGDB 11.6 Abdta? tan OO c > weld thickness is considered, then, seal 2d co app {4100100120 { 3 Bending es, My 12x10" 815 ygys Z, WSR he According to maximum shear stress theory, resultant stress, : ) +o = = 24 vt Direct shear stress, = 188 Ninn load is on top) x0ranck = 105mm? h kis given that, yaar LOON/nun Equating the two values of tea, =? 100: | Design of Welded! Joints 3.93 Result: The bracket arrangement is shown in fig, 3.56. The promuding portion ofthis bracket consis of aT cross section with the dimensions indicated and is welded to a support plate. The loud to be supported is 30kN and the arrangement should provide for afactor of safety of 1.6. Find the necessary weld size for the connection between the protruding portion and the support plate ‘The maximum shear stress in the weld should not exceed 125N/nin?. ® Solution: ‘The welded joint given in the problem is subjected to direct shear and bending stresses, Area of wold, A= (100 + 80-+ 100+ 100+ 80-+ 100) x 0.707h = 395.928 mm? Bending moment, M,= Px e fea =30000 « 300 315% tN From table 32.7 or PSGDB 11.6, the sootion modulus for his type of wong I 2bd +d? 3 It weld thickness is considered them x70 = (0100140) 140" } Ze= 11207.Th mn?