EDUKASYONG

PANTAHANAN AT
PANGKABUHAYAN
TLE 221 second semester (A.Y. 2023-2024)
IMPORTANCE OF EDUKASYONG
PANTAHANAN AT PANGKABUHAYAN WITH
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE K-12
CURRICULUM
It is geared towards the development of technological
proficiency and is anchored on knowledge and
information, skills and processes, and the acquisition of
proper work values and life skills.
equips pupils with skills for lifelong learning.
It is focus on mastery of skills and processes
It is a subject in which pupils learn best by doing.
Components of EPP in the K-12 Curriculum

A. Industrial Arts
B. Home economics
C. Agriculture
D. Entrepreneurship
INDUSTRIAL
ARTS
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
◦ an educational program that features the fabrication of
objects in wood or metal using a variety of hand, power,
or machine tools.
• Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary
work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of
building materials during the construction of buildings, ships,
timber bridges, concrete formwork , etc.

• Plumbing may be defined as the practice, materials, and fixtures

used in installing, maintaining, and altering piping, fixtures,
appliances, and appurtenances in connection with sanitary or
storm drainage facilities, a venting system, and public or private
water supply systems.

• Electronics is the study of how to control the flow of electrons. It

deals with circuits that are made with parts called components
and connecting wires that control the flow of electricity and
direct it to do useful things
• Metal works is the process of shaping and reshaping metals to
create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale
structures. As a term it covers a wide and diverse range of
processes, skills, and tools for producing objects on every scale:
from huge ships, buildings, and bridges down to precise engine
parts and delicate jewelry.

◦ Electrical is defined as something related to electricity, which is

energy resulting from charged particles. When a wire carries
electric current to your television or refrigerator, this is an example
of an electrical wire.

◦ Orthographic drawing/CAD are a very common style of drawing

and are easily created with AutoCAD.
 HOME
ECONOMICS
HOME ECONOMICS
Is a field of study that is primarily concerned with strengthening
family life and increasing productivity of individuals in the social
economy. It synthesizes knowledge from arts and science-based
disciplines to improve manipulative skills, organizational skills and
social skills (James, 2003).
• Food, health and nutrition - Eating a well-balanced diet, with
adequate nutrients and appropriate calories, is a fundamental
requirement for continued health.

• Personal finance and family resources - is the financia l

management which an individual or a family unit performs to
budget, save, and spend monetary resources over time, taking
into account various financial risks and future life events

• Textile and clothing is about the design, manufacture and

marketing of clothing and footwear and other textile products.
Studying in this area includes learning about fabrics and other
materials and about weaving, dyeing, printing, pattern-making,
sewing, washing, etc.
◦ Consumer science is a social discipline that focuses on the
interaction between people and the environment. Some of the
topics addressed by a specialist in consumer science are
nutrition, aging, housing, food safety, community, and parenting.

◦ Household management refers to the various tasks and chores

associated with the organization, financial management, and
day-to-day operations of a home. Housekeeping is a term that is
sometimes used to refer to the cleaning and physical upkeep of
a house, as distinct from financial issues or outdoor maintenance.

◦ Human development is defined as the process of enlarging

people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-
being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary
people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live.
AGRICULTURE
◦ Is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.

◦ Livestock Production. Livestock is commonly defined as domesticated animals

raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as
meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

◦ Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the

application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution
of food and fiber.
◦ Crop production. Irrigated farm areas mainly grow rice and
sugarcane whereas rained areas are planted with coconut, corn
and cassava. The Philippines' major agricultural products include
rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, and
mangoes.

◦ Modern Agriculture is a term used to describe the wide type of

production practices employed by American farmers. It makes
use of hybrid seeds of selected variety of a single crop,
technologically advanced equipment and lots of energy
subsidies in the form of irrigation water, fertilizers and pesticides.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship promotes economic growth, provides
access to goods and services, and improves the overall
standard of living.

Entrepreneurship and innovation help individuals

become independent and channel their creativity into
creating something of their own in this competitive
world.
History of Home Economics in the
Philippines
◦ 1901 – American methods of instruction were ensured by bringing
in hundreds of American teachers called Thomasites. Vocational
training in housekeeping and households arts was made an
important element of girl’s education in the Philippines.
◦ 1904 - was introduced into the Philippine public school curriculum
and supposed to teach the practical application of science to
homemaking.
◦ 1913 – Elvessa Ann Stewardt, a graduate of the University of
Nebraska, went to the Philippines as a teacher in home
economics.
1920 – girls in grade 5 to 7 were required to devote 80
minutes a day to home economics activities which
included cooking, sewing, housekeeping, sanitation,
home nursing, infant care, food selection, embroidery,
and lacemaking.

1929 – Elvessa Ann Stewardt became the Supirentendent

of Home Economics in the Bureu of Education in Manila.
◦ 1941 – every secondary girl was required to have at
least 1 year of home economics before graduation.

◦ Today, Home economics continues to be practiced by

professionals in many venues including secondary
teaching, college and university teaching and research
and outreach through cooperative extension programs.
It has been given emphasis in the K-12 curriculum
 CURRICULUM
FRAMEWORK OF TLE
THE STRUCTURE OF EPP/TLE

◦ The Training Regulations-based TLE and the

Entrepreneur-based TLE and every school has a choice
as to which stream to offer, with consideration for
faculty, facilities, and resources. Both streams are based
on the Training Regulations, but the Entrepreneur-based
TLE embeds entrepreneurship concepts in the teaching
of the various subjects in HE , IA, AFA, and ICT
THE NEW TLE FRAMEWORK AS A COURSE HAS
TWO STREAMS

Training Regulations-based TLE

◦ The Tech - Voc - based

◦ TLE is designed according to the Training
Regulations (TR) of the Technical
Education Skills Development Authority
(TESDA). It courses on technical skills and
development in the area of specialization
that the learners want to pursue.
The entrepreneurship
education-based

◦ TLE is designed to develop among

learners some necessary livelihood
skills to enable them to start a small
enterprise of their own.
GRADE LEVEL STANDARDS
What are taught?
◦ Grade 4 - Basic concepts in agriculture, entrepreneurship and
ICT, home economics, industrial arts to improve self and family
life.

◦ Grade 5- Increased knowledge in agriculture, entrepreneurship

and ICT, home economics, industrial arts to improve family life
and the community.

◦ Grade 6- Enhanced and expanded knowledge in agriculture,

entrepreneurship and ICT, home economics, industrial arts to
improve family life and community.
Grade 7-10
◦ The learner demonstrates an understanding of the basic
concepts of selected TLE course in Home Economics, Industrial
Arts, Agriculture and Fishery Arts and ICT competencies common
to TLE courses such as use and maintenance of tools, observing,
safety in the workplace, mensuration and calculation, and
interpreting technical drawings; and gains specialized
knowledge and skills in at least one TLE that would enable
him/her to obtain NC II.

Grade 11-12

◦ The learner demonstrates specialized technical skills that would

enable him/her to obtain NC II
GUIDELINES and GUIDING PRINCIPLES
in the TEACHING of EPP/TLE
1. Cover the four TLE areas in for exploratory purposes-agriculture
and fisheries, ICT, home economics and industrial arts.
2. Develop student’s entrepreneurial mindset.
3. Do contextualized teaching.
4. TLE is a skill-dominated subject. Therefore, teaching TLE must
make use of experiential learning.
5. The teaching TLE is focused on knowledge and information,
entrepreneurial concept including process and delivery, work
values and life skills.
SALIENT FEATURES OF EDUKASYONG
PANTAHANAN AT PANGKABUHAYAN
◦ It is a learning area common to boys and girls. In the new
curriculum, both boys and girls undertake the same learning
experiences in Grades 4, 5, and 6. The time allotment is 40
minutes in Grade 4 and 60 minutes in Grades 5 and 6. The subject
is taught in Filipino.
◦ It focuses on the development of responsible and worthy home
membership. It provides activities that emphasize the
development of desirable work attitudes, basic work skills and
habits and the production of useful articles through learning
situations relevant to everyday chores at home, school, and the
community.
SCHEMES USED IN MANAGING EDUKASYONG
PANTAHANAN AT PANGK±UHAYAN (EPP)
CLASSES

◦There are schemes to manage the EPP

classes, namely: one teacher-scheme,
departmentalized scheme, and team
teaching.
In the one-teacher scheme, all the components
are taught by one teacher. The components are
divided by grading period.

For example, the Home Economics area may be

taught during the first grading period, Industrial
Arts during the second grading period Agricultural
Arts during the third grading, and
Entrepreneurship during the fourth grading period
In the departmentalized scheme, each area is
taught by the respective teachers in Home
Economics, Industrial Arts, Agricultural Arts, and
Entrepreneurship. Different sections take the four
areas by rotation. This arrangement is applicable
to big schools where teachers who have
specialized in each of the four areas are
available.
The third arrangement is team teaching. Here,
two or three teachers with special training
in Home Economics, Industrial Arts or Agricultural
Arts may form a team to teach EPP. The team
can
adopt the following annual work plan:
1. Planning at the opening of the school year
2. Evaluative team meetings (Regularly done
within the school year)
3. Implementation (for the intermediate grades)
TEACHING APPROACHES, METHODS,
AND TECHNIQUES

The three domains, namely: cognitive,

affective, and psychomotor are
emphasized in the various learning
competencies.
Teaching method
A. Direct Method of Instruction:
Since TLE is a skill subject, direct instruction is most
appropriate. The demonstration method is a
direct method of instruction. It is referred to as the
“show and tell” method. The teacher simply
shows to the students how a thing is done and
explains as he/she demonstrate
For an effective demonstration, it is necessary that
the teacher mentions the dos and don’ts of the
process for emphasis and clarity. It is important
that as a teacher demonstrates a process, he/she
cautions students on steps of a skill where students
are most often mistaken, or which are most often
missed
The steps are:
1. Teacher demonstrates. – “Watch me and listen to me”.
2. Students demonstrate with scaffolding from teacher. –
“Let’s do it together”.
3. When students can do the process by himself/herself,
student demonstrate the skill or process. – “Do it as I
watch”.
4. Teacher gives more opportunity for practice for skill
mastery Teacher assesses to determine skill mastery by all
students
B. Hands-on Learning
Hands-on learning provides for manipulation,
construction, experimentation, planning,
problem-solving, decision-making, creating, and
even inventing. Such activities would eventually
lead them to conduct simple research. The
teacher can emphasize scientific methods of
looking the reasons of the occurrence of events
or phenomena and probing.
C. Laboratory Experience
One feature of an ideal EPP classroom is the
presence of laboratories for the various areas in its
four components. In Industrial Arts, the laboratory
is composed of working tables and benches as
well as the necessary tools and equipment used
in the areas of electricity, woodworking,
handicrafts, and metal craft.
D. Project Method
Almost all the activities in EPP end up with a project
which develops proper planning skills through
the preparation of a project plan. The project plan is
their guide in making the project. It contains the name
of the project, the objectives. the sketch, the bill of
materials, and equipment and tools to be used, the
procedure in making the project, and the evaluation
instrument to be used in judging the finished product.
The project again enables the students to apply the
theories and principles learned.
e. Instructional modules
Most books in EPP contain modular instructions
which encourage the pupils to work
independently. A module is a self-contained
material with activities to be done by the learner.
Some modifications of the module are the activity
cards. self-learning kits, and video-taped do-it-
yourself projects.
F. Work Sessions and Group Activities
Another method which is commonly used in Epp is
the work sessions- and-group-activity. The class is
usually divided into families and the families are
given assignments or tasks to do. The task can be
an experiment. a task on creativity or inventing
something out of the materials given to the group
G. Utilization of Resource Persons and
Community Materials
◦ The teacher of EPP Can enhance the pupils' enthusiasm
and learning by inviting resource person in the
community who are experts in performing the chosen
field.
EVALUATION IN HOME ECONOMICS
◦ Points to consider when evaluating

A. Evaluation is a joint concern of teacher, students, and parents

B. Evaluation program is a goal set up
C. Evaluation means more than testing. It gives opportunity for
planning, making judgment, reasoning, and decision making,
D. Evaluation involves selecting and/ or preparing and using as
well as deciding values of the finished job o product.
E. Evaluation need to be continuous throughout a unit problem or
process as well as the end of the learning unit or problem
F. Evaluation measures the process as well as the producer
◦Functions of evaluation
A. Evaluation furnishes evidence of change in
student
B. Serve as incentive to learning
C. It brings to light misconception and difficulties
D. Measure the degree of mastery
E. Furnish a basis for guidance
F. Determine needed curriculum change
G. Determine needed modification in instructional
method
◦ Different devices for Evaluation ▪ Testing method
◦ Oral Test – as measuring device its limitation is manifold.
It supplies too restriction a sampling of what students
know. This has to be supplemented by written or
performance test.
◦ Essay Test – Limitation of this kind of test are difficult to
score. In scoring essay test, the identity of student be
known if possible, when papers are being scored.
Answer to question be scored in a way that it should be
carefully compared with the key in each instance.
◦ Teacher-made Test – this include true-false, completion,
multiple choice , matching type which are develop in
an attempt to overcome the shortcoming of the
traditional essay type.
Performance test
◦ This has been devised to indicate the relative ability of
students in the jobs. To be satisfactory done meet these
criteria:
◦ It must not demand expensive supplies
◦ – It must not require too long time
◦ – It must cover as many as possible of fundamental skills
in a field
◦ – The score must be scorable in objectives means
Types of Evaluation
Formative evaluation- is came out in time when a program is
being developed; produces information that is feedback during
the development of the program in order to improve it its aim is
refinement or Improvement.

Summative evaluation- is conducted after a program is

developed. Its purpose is to determine the worth of the program.
Its aims are to determine impact or outcomes
External evaluation- is conducted by representative of a
part of a system not managed by the element being
evaluated.
Internal evaluation- is conducted by a component of the
system level being evaluated.
Process evaluation- is concerned with what goes on in a
program, It includes determining whether a certain
procedure or step of the lesson has been fully complied.
Product evaluation- determining whether the output
presented quality in alliance with the criteria for evaluation.
Assessment- means measuring the process of learners and
identifies issues to work on to make program successful
Home Economics
Home economics, also known as family and
consumer sciences, is a field of education, which
concerns itself with management and economics
of the community and home.
Other names that are used for this subject are
domestic economy, human sciences and home
science.
Home Economics is a field of study that is primarily
concerned strengthening family life and
increasing productivity of individuals in the social
economy. It synthesizes knowledge from arts and
science-based disciplines to improve
manipulative skills, organizational skills and social
skill (James, 2003).
AREAS OF HOME ECONOMICS IN THE
19TH CENTURY
 1880s, the goal of home economics was not only to
teach women how to cook and sew, but also provided
an avenue for young women to attend college.
1900s - home economics became an organized area
of study, developed by Catherine Beecher and Ellen
Swallow Richards who founded the American
Association of Family and Consumer Sciences.
7 areas of Home Economics during
1900s
 Cooking
 Child development
 Education and community awareness
 Home management and design
 Sewing and textiles
 Budgeting and economics
 Health and hygiene
Areas of Home Economics in the K to
12 Curriculum
In the Technical-Vocational Track of the K-12
Curriculum, Home Economics has the following
areas of specialization:
1. Housekeeping 5. Caregiving
2. Beauty Care 6. Cookery
3. Bread and Pastry 7. Dressmaking
4. Handicraft
HOUSEKEEPING
Housekeeping is one of the areas in Home
Economics which refers to the management of
duties and chores in running a household
Recognizing Tools, Utensils Materials
in Housekeeping

◦The individual who manages the household is

referred to as a housekeeper.
Housecleaning is the most important component
of housekeeping. Disposing of rubbish, cleaning of
dirty surfaces, keeping off the dust on surfaces
and pieces of furniture, and doing vacuuming.
This is done to make the home look pleasing to
the eye, smell better, safer and comfortable to
live in for all the dwellers.
◦For an effective and efficient housekeeping,
amenities are considered and provided such as
towels, linens, beddings, glasses, tableware,
pieces of furniture, appliances, and kitchen
wares. Cleaning equipment, tools, and supplies
are also necessary for complete housekeeping
needs.
 Tools, Supplies and Material Used in
Housekeeping
◦Effective and efficient housekeeping depends
on the cleaning equipment, tools and supplies
the household or office provides. Tools used in
house cleaning are vacuum cleaner, brooms,
mops and sponges together with the cleaning
products such as detergents, disinfectants, and
bleach. Accessories such as towels, linens and
beddings will be discussed here, too.
Cleaning
◦
and Sanitizing equipment
◦Vacuum cleaner. This is used to remove dust
particles specifically from carpet surfaces and
upholstered furniture.
◦Carpet sweeper. This is used in picking up dirt
and some particles from the carpet.
◦Hydro-vacuum or wet and dry vacuum. This is an
all-purpose vacuum used for absorbing water in
flooded or wet surface and can also be used for
dry surfaces.
◦Carpet extractor. This is intended for dry foam
shampooing of carpets. Dirt that sticks to or
penetrates into the layers of the carpets is
removed by using this.
◦Cart or trolley. It is used to stock cleaning
supplies and chemicals in order to make
cleaning faster and easier.
Cleaning Tool
◦Scouring pads. There are two colors, the green
and white pad. Green is used for scrubbing
rough dirty surfaces. White is used for cleaning
painted surfaces, marble, porcelain and mirrors.
◦Dusting clothes. These are used to wipe or dust
wooden and painted parts. These can be towel-
cloth like.
◦Polishing cloth. It is made of soft cloth used to
polish metal surfaces in kitchen and in
bathrooms and other parts of the house made of
metal.
◦Cleaning broom. It is used for sweeping the floor.
Some made of hard materials can be used to
remove cobwebs from the ceiling.
◦Mop with mop handle. It is used for mopping the
floor. This has to be wet usually to remove stains
on the floor. This will also be used dry to wipe or
dry wet floor to avoid accident.
◦Floor and window squeegees. These are used to
remove excessive water from the surface and
corners especially glass surfaces. These speed up
the drying process of the surface.
◦Toilet bowl brush. This is used for cleaning toilet
bowls. It is provided with plastic or wooden
handle for ease in reaching hidden Part of the
bowl.
◦Sponges. These are made of soft Mated. used to
clean fine surfaces.
◦Trash bags. These are to use as linings for
garbage containers to prevent the wet garbage
from penetrating directly to the container.
◦Tongs. These are used for picking up dirt on the
floor and cigarette butts from the ashtrays.
Cleaning Chemicals
◦ Wood polish. This is used to polish or shine wood
surfaces, leather surfaces such as sofa and
similar pieces of furniture.
◦Insecticides. This is used to fumigate or eliminate
insects and pests.
◦Methylated spirit. This is a chemical used to polish
all glass surfaces such as mirrors, windows and
others.
◦Air freshener. This is used to spray guestrooms,
comfort rooms, or any area to give fresh smell or
to remove foul odor from the room.
◦Muriatic acid. This is only appropriate for
removing hard dirt from cemented floor or similar
surfaces. This must not be used in cleaning toilet
bowls since it is very strong and it can damage
the tiles.
Safety Measures in Doing Household
Tasks
◦Housekeeping is not only plain cleanliness.
Keeping areas neat and orderly, keeping floors
free of slip and trip hazards, maintaining halls
and hallways safe and clean, removing waste
materials from work areas and fire hazard places
are some of the tasks to be considered.
SAFETY MEASURES IN CARRYING LOADS
1.Determine if you can carry a load comfortably; tip it on its side.
2.Ask for help if the load is too heavy or bulky for one person.
Check first if there are nails, splinters, rough strapping or rough
edges.
3.Lift the load correctly.
4.See to it that your footing is solid.
5.Position your back with no curving or slouching.
6.Your body must be at center over Your feet.
7.Get a good grasp of the object and pull it close to Lift with your
legs and not with You. your back.
8.Move your feet to turn; don't twist your back.
9.Don't attempt to carry a big or heavy load.