QUANTISURV PRELIM REVIEWER

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITY SURVEYING ▪ Is done before plans, specifications and

QUANTITY SURVEYING
• Calculating the amount of materials and other incidents necessary
for the realization of work
• Term or process used in the construction industry to take
measurements of civil works, prepare specifications and estimate
the cost of works either for each trade of work or for the whole
project
• Is the application of standard methods of measurements to quantify
the amount of various items in a construction project, for the
undertaking of valuation and certifying payments
SURVEYING
• Means to inspect, study, review, investigate, asses and hence to
measure
TASK COVERED IN QUANTITY SURVEYING
1. Preparation of SPECIFICATIONS
2. Taking MEASUREMENTS of civil works
3. Preparation of APPROXIMATE (PPRELIMINARY) COST
ESTIMATE at the very early stage of the project
4. Preparation of DETAIL COST ESTIMATE at different stages
5. VALUATION of property
PURPOSE OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
Preparation of bill of quantities:
1. Assist the client TO HAVE ACCURATE ESTIMATE of the volume
of work as well as the REQUIRED BUDGET
2. To assist in the ACCURATE PREPARATION OF TENDERS, by
providing uniform measurement of quantities
3. To GIVE AN ACCURATE CHECKLIST of work accomplished
4. To give insight into required VARIATION WORK AMOUNTS
ESTIMATE
• is the most important of the practical aspects of construction
management and the subject deserve a closest attention of one
aspiring to a career in the profession
PURPOSE OF ESTIMATING
• to give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost
• is necessary to give the owner a reasonably accurate idea of the
cost to help him decide whether the work can be undertaken as
proposed or needs to be curtailed or abandoned, depending upon
the availability of funds and prospective direct and indirect benefits.
o Estimating Materials
o Estimating Labor
o Estimating Equipment
o Estimating Time
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATES
ESTIMATES FOR CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
• Based on very general parameters of facility size, anticipated
quality of construction and use of facility
o CONCEPTUAL ESTIMATE
▪ Is prepared based from only the conceptual
description of the project
other project details have been developed
▪ +15 -20% accurate
ESTIMATES FOR FEASIBILITY
• Using preliminary design information and after project scope is
completely defined.
• An estimate of project cost that is prepared before complete
construction documents are available
• +15-20% accurate
ESTIMATES FOR FEASIBILITY
• Based on schematic level design documents, it is probable that
major quantities can be quantified, concrete, steel based from type
of construction
• The designer and owner may use the estimate to evaluate
expected total project cost but for the purpose of reviewing design
cost drivers and performing value engineering
o VALUE ENGINEERING
▪ A evaluation of a project objective function
for the purpose of bettering the objectives in
terms of cost and functional parameters
ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION
• Itemized cost computation based on complete set of contract
documents
• Bid estimate submitted to the owner either for competitive bidding
or negotiation consist of direct construction cost including field
supervision, plus a mark-up to cover general overhead and profits.
o Subcontractor quotations
o Quantity takeoffs
o Construction procedure
• 5% accuracy
CONTROL ESTIMATES
• For monitoring the project during construction, a control estimate is
derived from available information to establish:
o Budget estimate for financing
o Budgeted cost after contracting but prior to construction
o Estimated cost to completion during progress of
construction
ESTIMATES FOR CHANGE ORDER
• Performed on the project site in response to an owner - directed
change in the project
ESTIMATING TECHNIQUES
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE
• Is the approximate or rough estimate prepared to obtain an
approximate cost in a short time. For certain purposes the use of
such methods is justified
DETAILED ESTIMATE
• A detailed estimate of the cost of a project is prepared by
determining the quantities and costs of everything that a contractor
is required to provide and do for satisfactory completion of the work.
It is the best and most reliable form of estimate.

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 QUANTISURV PRELIM REVIEWER
DATA REQUIRED FOR PREPARING AN ESTIMATE
1. Plans, section, and other relevant details of the work
2. Specifications, indicating the exact nature and class of material to
be used
3. Rate, at which the different items oof work are carried out
STEPS IN PREPARING ESTIMATE
TAKING OUT QUANTITIES
• Measurements are taken off from the drawings and entered on
measurement sheets or dimension paper. Depend upon the unit of
measurement
SQUARING OUT
• Working out volumes, areas, and casting up their total recognized
units
ABSTRACTING
• In the third step all items along with net results obtained in the
second step are transferred from measurement sheets to
specifically ruled sheets having rate column ready for pricing
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
• Provide a common hierarchical framework for summarizing
information and for the quantitative reporting to customers
(client/owner) and management
• Purpose of WBS:
o Provide an organized manner of collecting project cost
data in a standard format for estimating, cost reporting
and cost tracking
o Provide checklist for categorizing cost
o Provide a means to maintain historical cost data in a
standard format
BASICS FOR PREPARATION OF ESTIMATES
REVIEW CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
• Thoroughly examine the constructions documents
o Drawings and Specifications
o General Conditions
▪ Part of the contract documents that defines
the rights, responsibilities and relationships
of all parties to the construction contract.
• It is appropriate to make notes of anything that can affect
construction duration and the cost to perform the work or add
indirect and overhead cost to the work.
o Prebid Conference
▪ A meeting held prior to bid opening for the
purpose of explaining the project and
answering questions that bidders have with
respect to the contract documents and the
work
PLANNING THE WORK
• Thoroughly understand the scope of work and the project
environment
• A detailed review enables the estimator to formulate a construction
sequence and duration
• A site visit is strongly recommended to enable the estimator to
relate the physical site characteristics to the available design
parameters and details.
QUANTITIES
• Quantity Take-off
o Must be as accurate as possible and should be based
on all available engineering and design data
• Quantities should be shown in standard units of measure and
should be consistent with the design units
TYPES OF COST
• Direct Cost
o All cost elements that can be associated with a specific
item of project work e.g cost of labor, cost of materials,
cost of equipment
• Indirect Cost
o Cost that cannot be attributed to a single task or
construction work e.g, overhead, profit, bonds
o Profit
▪ Amount of money, if any that a contractor
retains after completing a [project and paying
all const of materials, labor and overhead
PRODUCTIVITY AND PRICE RESOURCES
• Historical production and cost data from similar past work are
excellent resources of when adequate details have been saved and
adjustments to project specifics can be defined.
PRODUCTIVITY AND PRICE RESOURCES
• Development task descriptions must describe the scope and
material requirement
UNIT COST
• Labor Unit Cost
o Cost based on defined crew that performs the task at an
assigned production rate
• Equipment Unit Cost
• Material Unit Cost
o Developed using various quotes, historical cost,
commercial pricing sources and component
calculations.
COST AND PRICING
• Cost for each task is developed by summing up the direct cost
elements for labor, equipment, materials, supplies, and
subcontractor
• Indirect cost and other markups associated with each task or work
item should be identified and considered properly
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SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS GUARANTEE BOND

• Should always remain mindful of the documents necessary to • Is approved form of security furnished by the contractor and his
support the estimates surety as guarantee of the quality of materials provided, equipment
• Narratives of Contract cost – contains discussion, considerations installed, and workmanship performed by contractor
and the developed construction plans
o Project Narrative INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS
o Construction Schedule • Refers to the list of instructions regarding the manner bids are to
o Equipment and Material Utilization be prepared and the conditions for the award of contracts
o Labor Discussion and Utilization
• Estimate backup data – back up documents PAYMENT BOND
• Quotations • Is approved form of security furnished by the contractor and his
• Drawing and sketches surety as guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to
faithfully comply with the contract in respect of his obligations
arising therefrom to its workers, subcontactors, and suppliers
PART 1: DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
PERFORMANCE BOND
ADVERTISMENT OR INVITATION TO BID
• Is approved form of security furnished by the contractor and his
• Refers to the notice published by the owner or the invitation issued surety as guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to
to prospective bidders, giving information as to the nature of the execute the work in the accordance with the contract
project
SCHEDULE OF MATERIALS AND FINISHES
BID • Is an outline specification enumerating the type of trade names of
• Is the tender, or proposal, or quotation, or offer of a bidder to materials required to be used by the contractor for the work
perform the work described in the contract
SPECIFICATIONS
BID DOCUMENTS • Are written or printed description of the work to be done describing
• Collectively refers to all documents provided or made available to qualities of the material to be used, the equipment to be installed
prospective bidders and the mode of construction

BID BONDS SPECIAL PROVISIONS OR CONDITIONS

• Refers to any acceptable form of bond accompanying the Bid • Are instructions which are issued prior to the bidding to supplement
submitted by the bidder as guarantee that the bidder will enter into and/or modify the drawings, specification, and/or general
the contract with the owner conditions of the contract

BID BULLETIN SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS

• Is a document containing additional information on the bid • Refers to additional information which may be issued as an
documents issued by the bidders before date of bidding additional to or amendment of the provisions of the specifications

CONTRACT
PART 2: INTERPRETATION OF BID DOCUMENTS
• Is the term used to describe the agreement and the contract
document RULE 1
The Agreement and the Contract Documents shall be taken as mutually
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS explanatory of one another. The various provisions of the Contract shall be
• Are documents attached to the agreement identified therein as interpreted together, attributing to the doubtful ones that sense which may
contract documents, including all additions, deletions and result from all of them taken jointly.
modifications incorporated therein.
RULE 2
a. Special Provision or Conditions
b. General Conditions The provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on the interpretation of
c. Specifications contracts and of the Rules of Court on the Interpretation of Documents shall
d. Drawings be applied.
e. Other bid documents
RULE 3
DRAWINGS Where the conflict between or among the provisions of the Agreement and/or
• Are the graphical representation of the work. They include all the
supplementary details and shop drawings Contract Documents cannot be resolved by Rules 1 and 2, it shall be
understood that:
(a) the Detailed Drawings shall prevail over the General Drawings;

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 QUANTISURV PRELIM REVIEWER
(b) words and figures shall prevail over the Drawings; reference books that list typical unit prices Spreadsheets of unit prices for
(c) words shall prevail over figures in Contract Documents; various types of work on different structures may be maintained by a
(d) written dimensions shall prevail over measured dimensions. contractor.

RULE 4 STEP 5: HIDDEN COST

Where the conflict cannot be resolved by applying Rule 3 or where Rule 3 does Carefully examine the general conditions of the contract and visit the site, to
not apply, the conflict shall be resolved by giving precedence to the Agreement have a full knowledge of all the possible hidden costs, such as special
or to provisions of a Contract Document higher in order of priority among the insurance requirements, portions of site not yet available, and complicated
various documents which comprise the Contract. The order of priority among logistics.
these documents shall be as follows:
a) Agreement as modified by Notice of Award of Contract, if such be FINAL STEP: RECEIVE PRICES
the case, and the Contractor’s conformity thereto: Review the estimate and carefully note exclusions and exceptions in each
b) Instruction to Bidders and any amendment thereto: subcontract bid and in material quotations.
c) Addenda to Bid Documents; BASIC CONCEPTS OF QUANTITY SURVEY
d) Specifications;
e) Drawings; QUANTITY SURVEY
f) Special Conditions of Contract; • Is a schedule of quantities of all the items of work in a building
g) General Conditions of Contract; • Describe quantity survey as follows:
h) Other Contract Documents; and o Description and preparation of the bill of quantities and
i) Other documents forming part of the Contract attached thereto or its items required for the tender
incorporated therein by reference. o Preparation of the site material, material types and
distribution
RULE 5
DATA REQUIRED
Where there is discrepancy, defective description, error or omission in any
Contract Document, the Contract Documents shall be interpreted as being DRAWINGS
complementary to each other. Thus, what is called for in one Contract • Complete and fully dimensioned drawings of the building or work in
Document, although not mentioned in another Contract Document where it question are required
should have been mentioned, shall be deemed to be called for by the Contract.
SPECIFICATIONS
RULE 6
• Detailed specifications, giving the nature, quality and class of work,
The apparent silence of the Drawings, Specifications or any other Contract materials to be used, quality of the material, their proportions and
Document as to any detail, or the lack of detailed description concerning any method of preparation are required
part of the work, shall be understood to mean that good and accepted
construction practice in accordance with the usage or custom of the place shall RATES
be followed. • Rates of various of work, materials to be used in the construction,
RULE 7 wages of different categories of labor

Rules 1 to 6 shall yield to specific rules of interpretation in this document or in TYPES OF ESTIMATES AND QUANTITY SURVEY
the Contract. (enumeration)
True of false 1. Preliminary or Approximate Estimate
2. Detailed Estimates
3. Quantity Estimates
PART 3: STEPS IN REVIEWING BID DOCUMENTS 4. Revised Estimates
5. Maintenance Estimates
STEP 1: BID DOCUMENTS
The documents should be examined for completeness of plans and
DATA REQUIRED FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ESTIMATE
specifications, and for the probable accuracy that an estimate will yield from
the information being furnished. 1. Drawings
2. Specifications
STEP 2: PREPARATION OF TOP SHEET 3. Rates
This is usually based on an examination of the specifications table of contents.
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATES
STEP 3: SUBCONTRACTOR PRICES
1. Estimates for Conceptual Planning
Decide on which trades sub bids will be obtained, and solicit prices from 2. Estimates for Feasibility
subcontractors and suppliers in those trades. 3. Estimates During Engineering and Design
STEP 4: PRICING 4. Estimates for Construction
5. Control Estimates
Use either unit prices arrived at from the contractor’s own past records, 6. Estimates for Change Order
estimates made by the members of the contractor’s organization, or various

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WORKS IN CONSTRUCTION
1. Concrete
2. Masonry
3. Metal Reinforcements
4. Lumber

PRE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

1. General Requirements
a. Permits
b. Design plans
c. Lot survey
d. Clearing and Grabbing
e. Temfacil
f. Mobilization

CONSTRUCTION PHASE
2. Earth Works
a. Excavation
i. Footing
ii. Backfilling
3. Structural Works
a. Construction footing
b. First level column
c. Ground floor column
d. Beams
e. Slabs
f. Roof beams
g. Framework and Scaffolds
4. Masonry Works
5. Plastering Works
6. Architectural Works
a. Ceiling works
b. Tiling Works
c. Painting Works
d. Doors & Windows
e. Cabinet Works
7. Metal Works
8. Plumbing Works
9. Electrical Works

POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Hulaan niyo nalang diko na sulat sa notes e :P

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