TABANG NURSE

RABIES PREVENTION AND CONTROL

PROGRAM
Vision: Zero death by 2030
Goal: To eliminate rabies and declare the Philippines
Rabies Free by the year 2030
Rabies
- a deadly viral infection that is preventable but not
curable once infected (symptomatic)
- attacks the nervous system (brain)
- rabies infection spreads from animals to human; or
human to human.
Rabies Virus Activity
(Death may occur rapidly a week from onset of signs
due to respiratory failure)
After the bite/non-bite: Virus starts growing at the
site of the wound
Then progresses to: Spread to the brain
Once symptoms appear: Death is nearly always
unavoidable
___________________________________________
Stage 2: Prodromal Symptoms

COMMON VECTORS -common sign and symptoms that is manifested by a

patient.
bat cat dog
 Fever
Mode of Transmission of Rabies  Muscle pains
- virus transmitted by infected saliva through bite or  Loss of appetite
wound  Irritability
 Vomiting
- rabies virus may infect the central nervous system  Headache
(fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord  Pain at the wound site
develops) ___________________________________________
Responsible for Bites: Dogs (96. 2%) mostly stray Stage 3: Furious or Encephalitic
5 Stages of Rabies 3-7 days after initial signs
Stage 1: Incubation Period  Excitement
 Difficulty in swallowing
-time pathogens enter the body before occurrence of  Hypersalivation
first signs and symptoms.
 Aerophobia
 Hydrophobia (predominant clinical feature)

Cardinal Signs

- Fluctuating Consciousness (excitement, irritability,

depression)

- Phobia (aerophobia, hydrophobia)

- Autonomic Instability (temperature is autonomic,

1 month 71%
hypersalivation, hyperthermia)
3 months 87% ___________________________________________

Stage 4: Paralytic or Dumb

Average Incubation Period: 10-90 days
Well documented incubation periods may vary
from 10 days to 6 years
Factors why we have different incubation time
1. Types and Pathogens
2. Immune system of the person infected
First symptoms: Noted between 30 and 90 days
- Patient becomes dumb or unable to speak due to
paralysis of laryngeal muscles
- Weakness starting in the bitten extremity and
spreading to all limbs and pharyngeal and respiratory
muscles (occurs only in less than one fifth of human
cases
-occurs only in less that 1/5 of human cases
TABANG NURSE
How can rabies be prevented?
*Animal vaccination
*Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Human -
INJECTION
Components of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
a. LOCAL WOUND CARE
b. ANTI-RABIES VACCINE
(active immunization); Category II-III
c. RIG INFILTRATION
(passive immunization); Category III
Rabies Contacted Category
Category I: Touching or feeding suspect animals, but
skin is intact
Category II: Minor scratches without bleeding from
contact, or licks on broken skin
Category III: One or more bites, scratches, licks on
broken skin, or other contact that breaks the skin; or
exposure to bats
___________________________________________
Rabies Vaccine Schedule: 4 doses
- First dose: Administered as soon as possible after
the exposure
- Additional doses: Administered on days 3, 7, and
14 after the first vaccination
 Adults: Intramuscular in the deltoid area
(arm)
 Children: Anterolateral aspect of the thigh
RIG – Rabies IG (Human)
- is always used in association with rabies vaccine
HRIG (Human Rabies Immunoglobulin)
- is administered to previously unvaccinated persons
to provide rabies virus neutralizing antibody until the
patient responds to vaccination by actively producing
virus-neutralizing antibodies.
Local Wound Care
- wounds should be immediately and vigorously
washed and flushed with soap and water preferably
for 10 minutes
What to do if bitten?
 local wound care
 go to the animal bite treatment center or
health center in your area and consult a
doctor
 if possible, confine the animal and observe
closely, try to memorize its appearance
(color, size, etc.)
If your pet has bitten any person:
 Leash your pet or put it in its cage
 Observe for 14 days for possible signs of
rabies (pet becomes wild; pet drools; pet
bites any moving or non-moving objects; pet
does not eat or drink; pet dies within the
observation period)
 Do not kill or eat the dog
 Assist the bitten victim (Responsible Pet
Ownership)
 Report to the animal bite treatment center for
PEP
What the public can do:
- In case of bite cases, advise to:
a. Go to the nearest health facility/animal bite
treatment center
b. Wash the wound
c. Observe the biting animal
d. Never kill or eat the biting animal
- Inform the community for mass vaccination schedule
for animals against rabies
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION
Can rabies be acquired by eating the meat of a
rabid dog?
- No. The rabies virus is very sensitive to heat.
Cooking dog meat will kill the virus
- The one preparing for the dog meat for food may be
exposed through breaks in the skin
- It may be possible to get rabies from eating raw
dog’s brain
Can one get rabies a rabid person?
- Yes, infected persons can transmit rabies through:
 Organ transplant
 Bites
 Contamination of open skin lesions or
mucous membranes with body fluids (licks,
splattering; mouth to mouth resuscitation;
sexual activity, exchanging kisses; sharing
foods and drinks)
Why is it necessary to vaccinate the bite victim if
the dog is vaccinated?
Reasons:
 At least 80% of the dog population
needs to be vaccinated to cut the
transmission of rabies among dogs
TABANG NURSE

 Animal vaccine failures may occur:

- improper administration

- poor vaccine quality

- poor health status of the animal

- one vaccine dose does not always provide

long lasting protection