V

E
T
กีฏวิทยาทางสัตวแพทย
E
N
T
O
ไร (Mite)
M
O
L
O
G
Y
น.สพ.ดร.สมบู
น.สพ. ดร.สมบูรรณณแสงมณี
แสงมณีเดช
เดช
Objectives

ˆ identify & differentiate mites

ˆ differentiate between

Astigmata, Prostigmata,
Mesostigmata
ˆ describe the pathophysiology

of the mites
M Introduction
Introduction

ˆ Suborder Acari
I
1. Order Acariforms
T a. Suborder Astigmata
b. Suborder Prostigmata
E c. Suborder Oribatida
2. Order Parasitiformes
a. Suborder Mesostigmata
M General Morphology
General Morphology

E
M General Morphology
General Morphology

I
ˆ no antenna, wingless
T ˆ legs: adult - 4 pairs,

larva - 3 pairs
E ˆ incomplete metamorphosis
M General Morphology
General Morphology

E
M General Morphology
General Morphology

E
M Life Cycle
Life Cycle

E
M Suborder Astigmata

I ˆ no stigmata
ˆ respirate through skin &
T swallowing
ˆ body: yellow or white
E
ˆ coxa: chitinous structure

(apodemes, epimere)
S
u
Suborder Astigmata
b
o
r
d
ˆ Family Sarcoptidae
e
r ˆ round body, short leg
A ˆ male: no adanal copulatory
s
t sucker & abdominal lobes
i
g ˆ female: no genital apodeme
m
a
t
a
S
u Family Sarcoptidae
b
o
r
d ˆ Genus:
e
r ˆ Sarcoptes spp.
A
s
ˆ Notoedres spp.
t
i
ˆ Knemidocoptes spp.
g
m ˆ host dependent
a
t ˆ habitat: epidermis
a
S
u Sarcoptes scabei
b
o
r
d ˆ the itch mite
e
r ˆ host:

ˆ pig
A
s
t
i ˆ horse
g
ˆ dog
m
a
t
a ˆ man
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Sarcoptes scabei (male)
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Sarcoptes scabei (female)
S
u Notoedres spp.
b
o
r
d ˆ Notoedres cati
e
r ˆ host:

ˆ cat
A
s
t
i ˆ rabbit
g
ˆ habitat: ear canal
m
a
t
a
head
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Notoedres spp. (male)
S
u Knemidocoptes spp.
b
o
r
d ˆ K. gallinae
e
r depluming mite
A ˆ K. mutans
s
t
i
the scaly-leg mite
ˆ location: body, leg,
g
m
a
t beak
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Knemidocoptes spp. (male)
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Knemidocoptes spp. (female)
S
u
Suborder Astigmata
b
o
r
d ˆ Family Psoroptidae
e
r ˆ oval body, long leg
A
s
ˆ male: adanal copulatory
t sucker & abdominal lobes
i
g
m
ˆ female: genital apodeme
a
t
a
S
u Psoroptes spp.
b
o
r
d
e ˆ P. ovis (sheep scab mite)
r

A
ˆ P. equi
s
t ˆ P. cuniculi
i
g
m
ˆ P. natalensis
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Psoroptes spp. (male)
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Psoroptes spp. (female)
S
u Chorioptes spp.
b
o
r
d
e ˆ C. ovis
r
ˆ C. bovis
A
s
t
ˆ C. equi
i
g ˆ C. caprae
m
a
t
ˆ etc.
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Chorioptes spp.
S
u Otodectes spp.
b
o
r
d
e ˆ O. cynotis
r
ˆ the ear mite
A
s
t
i
g
m
ˆ found also in other
a
t
carnivores
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

A
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
Otodectes spp. (male)
S
u
Life Cycle (Astigmata)
b
o
r ˆ on host permanently
d
e ˆ feed lymph
r
ˆ Sarcoptes scabei
A
s
t ˆ female: burrow in the
i
g epidermis, lay egg
m
a ˆ other stages: on skin
t
a
S
u
Life Cycle (Astigmata)
b
o
r
d
e
r
ˆ female: 3-5 eggs/day
A ˆ egg hatch: 1-5 days
s
t ˆ life span: 20-40 days
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
Life Cycle (Astigmata)
b
o
r
d ˆ transmission:
e
r ˆ direct contact

ˆ premises (hair, wool,

A
s
t
i
bedding stuff)
g
m ˆ immunity to mites
a
t ˆ not get rid the mites
a
S
u
Pathogenesis
b
o
r
d ˆ damage:
e
r ˆ penetration

ˆ mite-Ag response
A
s
t
i ˆ inflammation
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
Pathogenesis
b
o
r
ˆ lesion:
d
e ˆ papules
r
ˆ small yellow scabs
A

ˆ alopecia
s
t
i
g ˆ hyperkeratosis
m
ˆ skin: thick, fold, scabs
a
t
a
S
u
Pathogenesis
b
o
r
d ˆ signs:
e
r ˆ irritation

ˆ itching
A
s
t
i ˆ self-biting
g
m ˆ scratching
a
t
a
S
u Sarcoptic & Psoroptic mange
b
o
r
d ˆ Psoroptes:
e
r ˆ more inflammation

ˆ large thicken scabs

A
s
t
i ˆ skin: less thicken,
g
m less folder
a
t
a
S
u
Mange
b
o
r
ˆ Sarcoptic mange
ˆ Notoedric mange
d
e
r
ˆ Knemidocoptic mange
A
ˆ Psoroptic mange
s
t

ˆ Chorioptic mange
i
g
m
a ˆ Otodectic mange
t
a
S
u Suborder Prostigmata
b
o
r ˆ spiracle 1 pair at cheliceral
d
e base
r
ˆ Genus:
P
ˆ Demodex
r
o
s
t ˆ Cheyletiella
i
g ˆ Psorergates
m

ˆ Trombicula
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
ˆ Demodex (the follicle mite)
ˆ hair follicle
d
e
r
ˆ sebaceous gland
P
ˆ small: 0.1-0.4 mm.
r
o

ˆ worm-like mite
s
t
i
g ˆ short legs
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
ˆ Demodex (the follicle mite)
ˆ long abdomen with
d
e
r
transverse striation
P
r ˆ life cycle: 3 weeks.
o
ˆ incidence in adult is
s
t
i
g
higher than younger
m
a
animals
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

P
r
o
s
t
i
g
m
a
t Demodex spp.
a
S
u
b
o
r
ˆ Demodex (the follicle mite)
ˆ D. bovis
d
e
r
ˆ D. ovis
P
ˆ D. canis
r
o

ˆ D. cati
s
t
i
g ˆ D. folliculurum
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
ˆ Cheyletiella
ˆ large mite (0.4x0.3 mm)
d
e
r
ˆ palpus: large claw
P
ˆ pretarsus:
r
o

ˆ 2 row setae
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
ˆ Psorergates (the itch mite)
r
d ˆ small: 0.19x0.16 mm
e
r ˆ short stout legs:

P
r
radially located
ˆ habitat: epidermis
o
s
t
i ˆ P. ovis
g
ˆ P. bovis
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
ˆ Trombicula (the chiggers)
ˆ free living
d
e
r
ˆ host: invertebrate
P
ˆ lavae: parasite
r
o

ˆ severe itching
s
t
i
g ˆ lesion: interdigital area
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

P
r
o
s
t
i
g
m
a
t Trombicula larva
a
S
u Pathogenesis
b
o
r
d ˆ Demodectic mange:
mange
e
r ˆ important in dog

ˆ immune suppression
P
r
o
s ˆ direct contact
t
i
g
transmission
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
ˆ Demodectic mange:
mange
r
d ˆ localized form
e
r - mild inflammation
P
r - mild itching
o
s - alopecia
t
i
g
- lesion: head
m
a - self recovery
t
a
S
u
b
o
ˆ Demodectic mange:
mange
r
d ˆ generalized form
e
r - severe inflammation
P
r - pustule
o
s - bacterial infection
t
i
g
- lesion: whole body
m
a - worst condition
t
a
S
u
b
Suborder Mesostigmata
o
r
d
e
ˆ spiracle 1 pair behind coxa
r
of 3rd leg
M
e ˆ Genus:
s
o ˆ Dermanyssus spp.
s

ˆ Ornithonyssus spp.
t
i
g
m ˆ Host: poultry, birds
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
Body shields
r
d
e
r ˆ sternal shield
M ˆ epigynial or genital shield
e

ˆ ventral shield
s
o
s
t ˆ anal shield
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

M
e
s
o
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
r
d
e
r

M
e
s
o
s
t
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
Dermanyssus gallinae
r
d
e
r ˆ the cosmopolitan chicken
M mite
e
s ˆ chelicerae: needle-like
o
ˆ sternal plate: 2 pairs of
s
t
i
g
setae
m
a
t
a
S
u
b Ornithonyssus spp.
o
r
d
e
r ˆ the tropical fowl mite
M ˆ chelicerae: pincer-like
e
ˆ sternal plate: 3 pairs of
s
o
s
t
setae
i
g
m
a
t
a
S
u
b
o
Pathogenesis
r
d
e
r ˆ anemia
M ˆ itching
e
ˆ production drop (egg)
s
o
s
t ˆ dead
i
g
m
a
t
a
E