DIPTERA

Parasitology Department
Spot Quiz:
 Please write classification of insects
( 3 minutes)
 Classification

ARTHROPOD
CRUSTACEA IN S E C T A ONYCH OPH ORA M Y R IA P O D A A R A C H N ID A

APTERYGOTA PTERYGOTA

ORTHOPTERA ANOPLURA D IP T E R A H E M IP T E R A S IP H O N A P T E R A H Y M E N O P T E R A

NEMATOCERA BRACH YCERA CYCLORRAPHA

P H L E B O T O M IN A E T A B IN A D A E M U S C ID A E
S IM U L IID A E C A L L IP H O R ID A E
C E R A T O P O G O N ID A E S A R C O P H A G ID A E
C U L IC ID A E Oestridae
Order: DIPTERA
 >50,000 species, worldwide
 Adult: 1 pair of wings
 The other pair: halters
 All members undergo complete metamorphosis
 Some are vectors, e.g. malaria, dengue
 Some cause irritation & annoyance e.g. biting
flies
 Some larvae are parasitic e,g. myiasis
Suborder: NEMATOCERA
There are 4 family in suborder Nematocera:
 Psychodidae
 Simuliidae
 Ceratopogonidae
 Culicidae
 Psychodidae (Phlebotomus sp.)

- This fly is commonly known as sand fly

- Only females are bloodsuckers and feeding on
raisins
- Males suck moisture from any available
source and sweat from humans.
- Active only at night

Morphology:
- This fly is small, hairy, delicately proportioned
fly about 2-3 mm.
- Its color is a light yellow or grey with large
conspicuous dark eyes.
 Psychodidae (Phlebotomus sp.)
 Adult sand flies are weak fliers and are discouraged from activity
by air currents.

 Commonly rest in protected places, such as rodent and armadillo

burrows.

 Breeding places are under stones, poultry houses, hollow trees, etc.,
in situations combining darkness and humidity.

 The medical important of sand flies are vectors for transmission of:
 visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) due to Leishmania donovani
 cutaneous leishmaniasis (Oriental sore) due to Leishmania tropica
 sandfly fever due to infectious fly biting or transovarial containing
virus
 Carrion’s disease (Bartonellosis) due to bartonella bacilliformis
Transmission of Kala-azar

Sand fly - another

indigenous blood sucking
insect Bangladeshi- admitted in
Dermatology of HKL

Bangladeshi with Post Kala-azar Leishmania donovani isolated

Dermal Leishmanoid from the Bangladeshi with PKDL
Simuliidae (Simulium)
 This fly is commonly known as
black fly or buffalo fly

 Males and females both feed on

plant juices but only the females
suck blood.

 This fly only attacks the host

during the hours of day light and
are not nocturnal feeders

 The larvae are found only in

running water.
Simuliidae (Simulium)
Morphology:
This fly is small (1-5 mm long), with mouth parts
bladelike, stout-bodied and variable in color; may be
gray or even predominantly yellow; not same with its
name “black fly”.

 The medical important of Simulium:

 Intermediate host filarial worm “Onchocerca
volvulus” can cause onchocerciasis (River blindness)
 Allergic because of its biting
 Mechanical vector of Tularemia
Ceratopogonidae (Culicoides)

 This fly is commonly known as “biting midges”.

 This fly is the smallest of the blood-sucking flies

 The breeding places are surface of mud, moist soil or

dung, fresh or salt water, tree holes, decaying plant

materials such as cactus, banana stems, etc.
 This fly is outdoor biters and attacks their hosts
particularly in the early morning or late afternoon.
 The characteristics are: very small (1-2 mm in
length), black or dark brown flies with stout bodies,
Ceratopogonidae (Culicoides)

 The medical important of

Culicoides:
 Biting nuisance (Allergy)
 Intermediate host of filarial
worm “Mansonella perstans ”