The distribution of active volcanoes around the world is influenced by various geological

factors, primarily related to tectonic plate boundaries and hotspot activity. Here's an
overview of the different types of plate boundaries and hotspots and how they
contribute to the distribution of active volcanoes:

1. Convergent Boundaries (Subduction Zones):

 Many of the world's most explosive and active volcanoes are found along
convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another
in a process known as subduction.
 Subduction zone volcanoes often form arcs of volcanic islands or mountain
chains parallel to the boundary. Examples include the Pacific Ring of Fire, which
encircles the Pacific Ocean, and the Andes Mountains in South America.
 These volcanoes typically produce highly explosive eruptions due to the
interaction between water-rich subducted oceanic crust and the overlying
continental crust.
2. Divergent Boundaries:
 Divergent plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates move away from each
other, allowing magma from the mantle to rise and create new crust.
 Volcanism at divergent boundaries tends to be less explosive and more effusive,
characterized by basaltic lava flows and shield volcanoes.
 Examples of divergent boundary volcanoes include those along the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge and the East African Rift.
3. Transform Boundaries:
 Transform boundaries are where tectonic plates slide past each other
horizontally. While these boundaries are not typically associated with volcanic
activity, some localized volcanic activity can occur where there is extensional or
compressional stress.
 Examples of transform boundary volcanoes include those in regions like the San
Andreas Fault in California.
4. Hotspots:
 Hotspots