“The Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Learning Strategies and Stress Management in Students”

Justification: The research written above is experimental research, here are the following reasons. First,
the use of “effectiveness” implies that the study aims to measures the outcome. Second, there were two
interventions involved, “Psychoeducational Learning Strategies and Stress Management” which
investigates the effectiveness through the use of data collection. The data collection method that was used
is a 30 items questionnaire. Next, the study also used the Wilcoxon Signed Rant test as a statistical
analysis to compare the results of their experimental group and control group.

Abstract:
The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has had a significant influence on developments across all
spheres of human existence, but particularly in the intellectual sphere. The transition from traditional
classroom instruction to instruction delivered both online and offline presents students with a significant
adjustment barrier. As a result of this, there is a need for psychoeducation as a kind of reinforcement in
order to adjust to a new learning style. This research was conducted with the intention of determining
whether or not students benefit from receiving psychoeducation on learning methods and stress
management techniques while they are studying during a pandemic. By contrasting the groups of students
who get psychoeducation with the groups of students who do not receive psychoeducation, the purpose of
this research is to test the hypothesis that there is an impact of psychoeducation on the levels of stress and
student learning management. Both an experimental group of students who were given psychoeducation
and a control group of students who were not given any psychoeducational interventions were considered
to be participants in the psychoeducation. In this study, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test served as the
quantitative research technique that was used.

“Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression – effectiveness and prognostic factors”

Abstract:
Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in patients with severe forms of bipolar depression.
ECT is effective but not all patients respond. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors
for response to ECT in patients hospitalized for bipolar depression.
Methods: Data were obtained from several national Swedish registers. All patients with bipolar
depression treated with ECT in any hospital in Sweden between 2011 and 2016 for whom information
about ECT response was available were included (n = 1251). Response was defined as a score on the
Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale of one or two. Univariate and multivariate logistic
regression were conducted to investigate associations between socio-demographic and clinical factors and
response.
Results: Response was achieved in 80.2% patients. Older age was associated with higher response rate to
ECT. Patients with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and patients
previously treated with lamotrigine had lower response rate.
Conclusion: Electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression was associated with very high response
rates. The strongest prognostic factors were higher age, absence of comorbid obsessive-compulsive
disorder or personality disorder, and less prior pharmacologic treatment.

Justification:
The research above is considered quantitative research. First, the study collects and analyses
numerical data. It assesses the effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in patients with bipolar
depression by examining response rates and identifies prognostic factors by analyzing various variables.
These variables were age, improvement scale, number of patients with comorbid disorders, and patients
who have undergone lamotrigine treatment. This study also employs statistical methods, specifically
univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Thus, the result showed numerical outcomes, such as
percentage which aims to quantify relationship and associations between variables. Lastly, the study did
not involve any manipulation of variables or the application of treatments. It did not aimed to create a
cure instead, it analyzed data from patients who had already received ECT as part of their clinical care.
The means was to only add additional knowledge of what has been done. Therefore, it is not experimental
research but rather quantitative.