HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

LECTURE 09

Treatment Cancer e
of
1 Surgical Method remove tumor via
surgery
2 Radiotherapy used to destroy the
Y
are
rays
target cells lie irradicated lethally
37 Chemotherapy 8 Heavy chemicals drugs are used for
this treatment and it shows side

like hairloss anemia weakness

effects
etc

4 Immunotherapy sometimes our own immune system

does not response against the tumor

cancer L interferons
Biological

response modifiers are

given to
activate the Immune system like

natural killer NK cells to work

against cancer
 Leukemia 8 Blood cancer IN BC 94

Carcinoma 85 cancer
of epithelial tissue

AIDS

gained in lifetime
i i
Causative HIV Human Immunodeficiency Iirus
Agent

of viruses
D HIV belongs to member called
of a
group
genetic material
RETROVIRUINN to have RNA as their

I Mode Transmission
of 8

is from infected pregnant mother to foetus

9 Infected Blood transfusions

in Infected needles syringes

in Sexual intercourse with infected individual
Unprotected
 STRUCTURE OF HIV
C P 120 Glycoprotein
F
q
2 Ss RNA Integrase

lipid
IÉÉ
ÉII a
reverse transcriptase 2

Bilayer P 24 inside
p J protein caspid

Note GP 120 binds to CD 4 Cluster

of differentiation
receptors on helper T cells TH and macrophage
to insert the genetic material

Replication HIV Lifecycle of HIV 8

of
it a interaction
4 it the helpof integrase
viral DNA is attachedto
Endocytosis
ofRna enzymes
the hostDNA
SsRNA
man

ij É
DNAfrom ssDNA
RNA

I
ViratDNA is transcribed
to viral mRNA
MACROPHAGE

Go off 55 New viral

I progeny
Exocytosis of HIV
Note Macrophage acts as factory of HIV where it

replicates in HUGE amount

o
Helper T cells TH are
simultaneously attacked
hence their number reduces from 12001mm to
200 mm
to

Immunodeficient

Opportunistic infection occur

may
mycobacterium toxoplasma etc
Eg