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Health Education
Quarter 4 – Module 4

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
▪ Understanding Common Noncommunicable
Diseases
▪ Myth and Fallacies about Noncommunicable
Disease

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 What I Know
INSTRUCTION: Read the items carefully and write the letter of your choice on a separate
sheet.

A. Multiple Choice.
1. Which is a non-communicable disease?
A. Cancer B. Influenzas C. Dengue Fever D. Tuberculosis
2. Which of the following statements does NOT describe non-communicable diseases
(NCDs)?
A. caused by a pathogen
B. consequence of unhealthy lifestyle
C. consequence of behavioral and hereditary factors
D. cannot be transmitted from one person to another
3. What is the most common cancer in women?
A. Breast Cancer B. Bone Marrow C. Colon Cancer D. Lung Cancer
4. Laura woke up with rashes and itchy swellings on her face. She remembered that
she attended a birthday party of her friend and ate foods causing allergic
reactions. What do you think is she experiencing?
A. Asthma B. Allergic Eczema C. Hay Fever D. Hives
5. Your friend is asthmatic, what do you think he/she should do to prevent an
attack?
A. Exercise B. Manage stress C. Eat a balanced diet D. All of the above
6. This treatment of cancer involves attacking the cancer cells with X-rays.
A. Surgery B. Chemotherapy C. Drug Therapy D. Radiation Therapy
7. Which is NOT a causative factor for non-communicable disease?
A. Virus B. Poor diet C. Environmental hazard D. Stress
8. Health centers are designed to render medical services nationwide. The following
are the health services provided by the Department of Health (DOH) except
A. Physical Therapy C. Center for Cancer Control
B. Nutrition Services D. Health Education and Manpower Services
9. You noticed that your grandmother is experiencing sudden weight loss, excessive
thirst, lack of energy. What type of disease do you think is evident?
A. Arthritis B. Hypertension C. Diabetes D. Renal Failure
10. Why do we need to correct myths and misconceptions about non-communicable
diseases?
A. We don’t want to be labeled as backward or uneducated.
B. Following myths and misconceptions can endanger our health.
C. We need to change our beliefs to keep pace with the changing times.
D. Our medical practitioners will get mad if we don’t follow their advice.

B. Odd Word Out

Direction: Analyze the series of words in each item and on your separate sheet of paper,
write out the word that does NOT belong to the group.
11. Allergy Asthma Acne Arthritis
12. Eczema Hives Hay Fever Dengue
13. Sneezing High Fever Runny Nose Stuffy Nose
14. Hypertension Stroke Heart Attack Asthma
15. Reduce Stress Manage Weight Exercises Regularly Wash Hands

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 Understanding Common
Lesson 1
Non-communicable Diseases

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you would be able to:

• explain non-communicable diseases based on cause and effect, signs and

symptoms, risk factors and protective factors, a possible complication; and
• correct myth and fallacies about non-communicable disease.

What’s In
In the previous quarter, you have learned about mental health, understanding
stress, common areas of stressors that affect adolescents, coping with stress, dying,
and death. You also learned about the types and management of common mental
disorders. In the quest for healthy living, the next chapter deals with the prevention
and control of non – communicable diseases.

What’s New/What Is It
UNDERSTANDING NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

What are Non-communicable Diseases?

Non-communicable diseases are some of the major causes of death in the
Philippines. Many Filipinos die every day because of heart disease and cancer.
Diabetes, arthritis, and respiratory disorders are also major health concerns. That is
why everyone needs to know the information about non-communicable diseases and
their prevention. They are noninfectious illnesses that may result from hereditary or
lifestyle factors and not from pathogens. Common examples are heart disease and
cancer that may result from hereditary factors, improper diet, and other risk factors.
Some non-communicable diseases do not usually lead to death but are
uncomfortable and cause suffering.

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Here are some common Non-communicable Diseases:
1. Allergy - is synonymous with hypersensitivity, which refers to
an exaggerated response to an antibody-forming
substance or antigen.
- are not contagious
Causes/Effect - Food intake, vaccine or blood transfusion, insect
sting, skin contact, or through nasal by smell
Signs and Symptoms - Swelling of the mucus membrane, redness and itching
of eyes, impaired hearing, rashes, and headache
2. Asthma - is a chronic condition in which breathing becomes
difficult
Causes/Effect - dust and mold, pollen, cold air, weather change, sinus
infections, stress, and certain foods.
Signs and Symptoms - shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest
tightness
Protective Factors - Do not inhale paints fumes, insecticides, and cleaning
products
- Avoid products sold in aerosol cans
- Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water a day
- Avoid stressful situations and do not exercise too hard
- Do not smoke or avoid secondhand smoke
- Take all prescribed medications with a filled stomach
- Do not go outside in extremely cold weather
3. Cardiovascular - is a disease of the heart and blood vessels, this disease
Disease (Ex. Heart is the leading cause of mortality in the Philippines
Attack, Stroke)
Risk Factors - smoking, high blood pressure, high level of blood
cholesterol
Protective Factors - Maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level and choose
a heart-friendly diet.
- Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.
- Maintain healthy blood pressure.
- Maintain normal body weight.
- Participate in regular physical activities
- Reduce salt in the diet to lose weight.
- Exercise regularly.
- Follow the prescribed drugs by the doctors especially
those with severe hypertension
4. Cancer - is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow
uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body
Signs and Symptoms - Fatigue
- Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the
skin
- Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain
- Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening, or
redness of the skin, sores that won't heal, or
changes to existing moles
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits

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 - Persistent cough or trouble breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarseness
- Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating
- Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain
- Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats
- Unexplained bleeding or bruising

Risk factors - Older age.

- A personal or family history of cancer.
- Using tobacco.
- Obesity.
- Alcohol.
- Some types of viral infections, such as human
papillomavirus (HPV)
- Specific chemicals.
- Exposure to radiation, including ultraviolet radiation
from the sun.
Protective Factors - do not smoke tobacco.
- drink alcohol in moderation.
- have a healthy diet that is high in fiber, fresh fruit
and vegetables, and low in fat.
- be physically active.
- maintain healthy body weight.
5. Diabetes (Diabetes - is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar
Mellitus)
Sign and Symptoms - increased hunger
- increased thirst
- weight loss
- frequent urination
- blurry vision
- extreme fatigue
- sores that don’t heal
Risk Factors - Overweight and lack of physical exercise
- Smoking
- A low-fiber, high-fat, and sugary diet
- Medications that can affect the body’s metabolism of
carbohydrates
- Genetic factors may cause some families to more
likely develop diabetes.
Protective factors - Get more physical activities
- Include fiber and whole grains in your diet
- Lose the extra weight
- Make healthier food choices
6. Arthritis - is a painful inflammation of joints that affects the
muscles, tendons, and ligaments surrounding the
joints
Sign and Symptoms - Pain
- Stiffness

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 - Swelling
- Redness
- Decreased range of motion
Risk Factors - family history
- age
- gender
- previous joint injury
- obesity
Protective factors - stay at a healthy weight
- control your blood sugar
- exercise
- stretch
- avoid injury
- quit smoking
- eat fish twice a week
- have a regular medical check-up
7. Kidney or Renal - a condition where kidneys stop functioning properly.
Failure
Sign and Symptoms - changes in urination
- swelling in legs, ankles, feet, face, or hands
- extreme skin rashes and itching
- nausea and vomiting
- shortness of breath, feeling cold, dizziness, and
concentration problems brought about by anemia
related to kidney failure
Risk Factors - Being hospitalized, especially for a serious condition
that requires intensive care
- Advanced age
- Blockages in the blood vessels in your arms or legs
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Heart failure
- Kidney diseases
- Liver diseases
- Certain cancers and their treatments
Protective factors - Keep active and fit.
- Control your blood sugar.
- Monitor blood pressure.
- Monitor weight and eat a healthy diet.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Don't smoke.

To Note: According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases,

or NCDs, are by far the leading causes of death in the world, representing 63% of all
annual deaths. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill more than 36 million people
each year. Some 80% of all NCD deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.

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 What I Have Learned
The four main non – communicable diseases kill 3 in 5 people worldwide.
Cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. Take care of your
body. It’s the only place you have to live in. Always remember, “Prevention is better
than cure. Especially when something has No Cure”.

What I can Do

Activity 4.1 Research: Non-communicable Diseases in the Philippines

Instruction: On a separate sheet of paper, copy the table below and answer the
data needed.
1. Provide data about the leading causes of death in the Philippines.
2. Fill in the chart based on your research

Give 1 leading What are the What are the risk How can we
cause of death in causes? factors? prevent the causes
the Philippines? of death in the
Philippines?
Ex.
Heart Disease smoking overweight exercise

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 Myths and Fallacies about
Lesson 2
Non-communicable Disease

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

• correct myths and fallacies about non-communicable diseases.

What’s In

On a scratch paper, identify the following sentences below whether it is a Myth or

Fact.
1. Taking a bath every day on a Friday will make one sick.
2. An amulet or anting-anting protects the wearer from diseases and helps
counteract witchery.
3. Relapse or “binat” caused by eating certain kinds of food or by cutting the hair
too soon after an illness. This is best treated by fumigating the patient with
smoke produced by burning the offending food or the patient’s hair.
4. The virus is NOT a causative factor for non-communicable diseases.
5. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cannot be transmitted from one person
to another.

What’s New/What Is It
Myth and Fallacies about Non-communicable Diseases

Myths and fallacies in non-communicable diseases are mistaken beliefs or

ideas especially ones based on unsound arguments. Both are directly and indirectly
affecting the health of the person.

Myths and Fallacies Fact

Lifestyle during childhood and adolescence
“I'm too young to worry about
affects the risk for cardiovascular diseases later
heart diseases.”
in life.
Some cases of diabetes need proper diet, exercise,
A diabetes diagnosis means
and oral medications to keep it under control
you automatically need insulin
until insulin becomes a necessity.

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Eating too much sugar causes
diabetes
Only women get breast cancer
If breast cancer does not run
in your family, you will not get
it.
Arthritis is just aching and
pains.
Living in a cold climate causes
arthritis
Asthma is a psychological Asthma is caused by respiratory problems and
condition.
Asthma medicine is addictive. to take medication for the long term, not because
In diabetes, the body doesn’t respond normally to
insulin and is caused by genetic and lifestyle
factors. Although, excessive sugar intake can lead
to weight gain and increased chances of
developing the disease.
Men having breast tissue can also develop breast
cancer.
70-80% of women who get breast cancer have no
family history of the disease.
Arthritis comes common with aging but may
develop at any age, young or old. On the contrary,
some elderly people never develop arthritis.
Pain felt from arthritis is caused by bone rubbing
up against bone and has nothing to do with the
climate.
triggered by allergens.
Asthma is a chronic condition, so patients need
of addiction.

What I Have Learned

Myths and fallacies in non-communicable diseases are the results of being

overreacted by other people. It is based upon you if you believe or being affected by
what is being said. Much of these are misconceptions and no scientific basis. If you
have NCD just listen to reliable sources, experts, just like doctors and other medical
practitioners. When it comes to health don’t be a risk-taker be intelligent enough to
know more about your sickness and be cured. Our health is very much important in
our lives because,’’ if you are healthy you are wealthy.

What I can Do
Activity 4.2 – Survey

Instruction: On a separate sheet of paper, copy the table below and answer the
questions by checking the corresponding column. Justify your answers.

Questions Yes No Why?

1. Do you think exercise is good
for your heart?
2. Can you get cancer from
another person?
3. Do you think eating too much
sugar causes diabetes?

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 Assessment
INSTRUCTION: Read the items carefully. Write your answers on a separate sheet or
as the direction of your teacher. Choose only the letter of the correct answer.
A. Multiple Choice
1. Health centers are designed to render medical services nationwide. The following are
the health services provided by the Department of Health (DOH) except
A. Physical Therapy C. Center for Cancer Control
B. Nutrition Services D. Health Education and Manpower Services
2. Laura woke up with rashes and itchy swellings on her face. She remembered that she
attended a birthday party of her friend and ate foods causing allergic reactions. What
do you think is she experiencing?
A. Hives B. Asthma C. Hay Fever D. Allergic Eczema
3. This treatment of cancer involves attacking the cancer cells with X-rays.
A. Surgery B. Chemotherapy C. Drug Therapy D. Radiation Therapy
4. What is the most common cancer in women?
A. Lung Cancer B. Breast Cancer C. Colon Cancer D. Bone Marrow
5. Which is a non-communicable disease?
A. Cancer B. Influenzas C. Dengue Fever D. Tuberculosis
6. Which is NOT a causative factor for non-communicable disease?
A. Virus B. Poor diet C. Environmental hazard D. Stress
7. Which of the following statements does NOT describe non-communicable diseases
(NCDs)?
A. caused by a pathogen
B. consequence of unhealthy lifestyle
C. consequence of behavioral and hereditary factors
D. cannot be transmitted from one person to another
8. Why do we need to correct myths and misconceptions about non-communicable
diseases?
A. We don’t want to be labeled as backward or uneducated.
B. Following myths and misconceptions can endanger our health.
C. We need to change our beliefs to keep pace with the changing times.
D. Our medical practitioners will get mad if we don’t follow their advice.
9. You noticed that your grandmother is experiencing sudden weight loss, excessive
thirst, lack of energy. What type of disease do you think is evident?
A. Arthritis B. Hypertension C. Diabetes D. Renal Failure
10. Your friend is asthmatic, what do you think he/she should do to prevent an attack?
A. Exercise B. Manage stress C. Eat a balanced diet D. All of the above

B. Odd Word Out

Direction: Analyze the series of words in each item and on your separate sheet of paper,
write out the word that does NOT belong to the group.
11. Sneezing High Fever Runny Nose Stuffy Nose
12. Reduce Stress Manage Weight Exercises Regularly Wash Hands
13. Hypertension Stroke Heart Attack Asthma
14. Eczema Hives Hay Fever Dengue
15. Allergy Asthma Acne Arthritis

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 Answer Key

✓ Students answer may vary

References
❖ BOOK

Physical Education and Health 7 (Learners Material), First Edition, 2017 pages 339-348

Lacia, Gerardo C. et al., 2018. The 21st Century MAPEH in Action. Manila: Rex Book Store
page 369

Miranda, Quennie S. et al., 2018. MAPEH for Today's Learner. Manila: Phoenix Publishing
House page 427

❖ WEBSITES

Cancer
Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer on
May 16, 2020
Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptoms-
causes/syc-20370588 on May 16, 2020
Retrieved from https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/prevention-and-healthy-
living/understanding-cancer-risk on May 16, 2020
Retrieved from https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/learn/health-topics/cancer/risk-and-
protective-factors/ on May 16, 2020

Diabetes
Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes on May 16, 2020

Arthritis
Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-
causes/syc-20350772 on May 16, 2020
Retrieved from https://www.bluecrossmn.com/wellbeing/preventive-care/how-prevent-
arthritis-pain on May 16, 2020

Kidney
Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/symptoms-
causes/syc-20369048 on May 16, 2020

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