Preventing and

Controlling of
Diseases and
Disorder
HEALTH QUARTER 4- MODULE 1
 NATURE OF
NON-
COMMUNICABL
E DISEASES
 • Are not cause by pathogens or disease-
causing organisms such as bacteria or
Non- communicable viruses.
• It’s rather by how people live, the condition
disease with which they are born or by the hazards
around them.
• Includes diseases caused by a breakdown of
body tissues, poor diet, environmental and
occupational hazard, stress and tension.
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is an immune system response to a

foreign substance that’s not 1. ALLERGY
typically harmful to your body.
- This foreign substance are called
allergens. They can include certain
foods, pollen, or pet dander
A. Hay Fever (allergic
rhinitis) is the most common
of the allergic diseases and is
characterized by seasonal
nasal symptoms that are due
to pollens.
The most common sign and symptoms:
▪ Runny nose
▪ Stuffy nose
▪ Sneezing
▪ Nasal itching
▪ Itchy ears and throat
▪ Post nasal drip (throat clearing)
B. Allergic conjunctivitis is
the inflammation of the
tissue layers(membranes)
that cover the surface of the
eyeball and the
undersurface of the eyelid.
The most common sign and symptoms:
▪ Redness under the lids and the eyes
▪ Watery, itchy eyes
▪ Swelling of the membranes
C. Allergic eczema is an
allergic rash that is usually
caused by skin contact with
an allergen and features the
following signs:
▪ Itching, redness and or dryness of the skin
▪ Rash on the face, especially among
children
▪ Rash around the eyes, in the elbow
D. Hives (urticaria) are skin
ractions that appear as itchy,
swellings and can occur on
any part of the body.
Signs and symptoms
▪ Raised red welts or swollen mark
▪ Intense itching
E. Allergic shock or (anphylactic
shock) is a life threatening reactions
that can affect a number of organs at
the same time. It typically occurs
when the allergen is eaten example,
foods or injected for example, a bee
sting)
Signs and symptoms:
▪ Hives or reddish discoloration of the skin
▪ Nasal congestion
▪ Swelling of the throat
▪ Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting
▪ Shortness of breath, wheezing
▪ Low blood pressure
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is a chronic lung disorder that

causes airways to become
inflamed, which means that they
swell and produce lots of thick 2. ASTHMA
mucus. The muscles surrounding
the airways also tend to tighten,
which makes the already clogged
airways even narrower.
Sign and symptoms:
▪ Shortness of breath
▪ Wheezing
▪ Coughing
▪ Chest tightness

Asthma may be prevented

through lifestyle changes,
activity reduction, allergy-
shots, and medication.
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is a disease of the 3. CARDIO-

VASCULAR
heart and blood DISEASE

vessels
A. HEART (CARDIO) DISEASES
▪ Congenital heart disease- is the
abnormality in the heart structure
▪ Congestive heart failure- is an
abnormality in the heart to keep up
with the demends on it
▪ Arrhythmia- a condition in which
the heart beats with an irregular or
abnormal rhythym
▪ Rheumatic heart disease- active or
inactive disease of the heart that
results from rheumatic fever.
▪ Myocardial infraction(heart attack)
occurs when the heart muscle tissue
dies from lack of oxygen because of
reduced blood flow.
B. VASCULAR (blood vessel)
DISEASE
▪ Arteriosclerosis is a group of
vascular diseases characterized by
thickening and loss of elasticity of
arterial walls.
▪ Hypertension or high blood
pressure occurs when blood
pressure is higher than normal.
▪ Stroke occurs when a clot blocks a
small blood vessel in the brain, thus
brain cells die from lack of oxygen.
▪ Aneurysm is an excessive
localized enlargement of an artery
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is caused by abnormal cells

growing without control. 4. CANCER
- As these abnormal cells grow, they
form in masses called tumors.
a.A. BENIGN
- masses of cells
that are not
cancerous and
do not spread
B.
MALIGNANT
– masses of
cells that are
cancerous
 MOST COMMON CANCERS
WHERE IT OCCURS HOW COMMON IT HOW CURABLE IT
IS IS
SKIN Most common 95% of treated persons recovered

COLON AND Second most common About half of treated persons live for 5
years or longer
RECTUM
LUNGS Mostly in Men Only about 10% of treated patients lived

BREAST Most common in Women About 70% of treated female patients

recovered

REPRODUCTIVE Male- prostate gland More than 60% of treated patients

recovered
Female- cervix
ORGAN
BONE MARROW Most common type in About 85% of treated patients lived; rate
of crest improving for leukemia, rate for
children
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
C- hange in bowel or bladder habits
A-Sore that does not heal
U-nusual bleeding or discharge Hi!
T- hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I- ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing
O-bvious change in wart or mole
N-aging cough or horseness

U-nexplained weight loss

P- resistant hoarseness
 Cancer maybe diagnosed in
different ways:
▪ Biopsy- the Doctors may take a Hi!
piece of tissue
▪ Curettage- a tissue from within
the body is removed
▪ X-ray- a quick painless test that
produces image of the structures
inside your body
 Treatment of Cancer:
▪ Surgery- the involves removal of tumor
and repair of the affected organ
▪ Radiation Therapy- this involves
attacking the cancer cells with x-rays.
▪ Drug therapy or Chemotherapy- this
has become an increasingly important
method of cancer treatment.
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is a disease that prevents the body

from converting food into energy. 5. DIABETES
Types of Diabetes
▪ Type I diabetes is the result of little or no
insulin produced by the pancreas.
-Insulin is a hormone created by your
pancreas that controls the amount of glucose
in your bloodstream at any given moment.
▪ Type II diabetes- is the result of too little
insulin produced by the pancreas or failure
of the insulin to function normally.
Signs and Symptoms
▪ Excessive Urination (Polyuria)
▪ Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia)
▪ Excessive Hunger (Polyphagia)
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Refers to inflammation
6. ARTHRITIS
of joints and usually
occurs during old age.
▪ Rheumatoid
arthritis causes pain
and swelling in many
joints throughout the
body
▪ Osteoarthritis is a
disease of older
people
 Here are some Non- comunicable disease

- Is a medical condition in which the

kidneys fail to adequately filter
waste products from the blood. 7. KIDNEY
- In renal failure, there may be OR RENAL
problems with increased fluid in FAILURE
the body, increased acid levels,
raised levels of potassium,
decreased level of calcium,
increase levels of phosphate and in
later stages anemia.
THANK YOU!