‫َ‬

‫ٔا ْ ا َِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ؑ‬
‫ا ْ ا ٕ ِم‬
‫ٔ‬
‫ؓ‬ ‫ا د‬ ‫ا‬

‫ٔ‬ ‫ّف ٕ ٔ‬
‫ف‬ ‫و ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ر ﱠ دى‬
‫ن م ‪١٤٤٥‬‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ود‬
‫ء‪.‬‬ ‫وا‬
٢
 ‫﷽‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﺭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِ ِﺬ ْﻛﺮِﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﻧ َﻄ َﻖ‬ ‫ﻮﺏ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻧَ ﱠﻮ َﺭ ﻗُﻠُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨَ َﺘ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺸ ْﻜ ِﺮﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻋ ﱠﻤ َﺮ َﺟ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ َﺣ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑِﭑ ْﻣ ِﺘ َﺜﺎ ِﻝ ﺃَ ْﻣ ِﺮﻩِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ َﻼ ُﻡ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺳﻴﱢ ِﺪﻧَﺎ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ﭐﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺮ َﻙ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ َﻼ ُﺓ َﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻭ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳُ َﻘ ﱢﺮ ُﺏ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻭ َﺩ َﻋﺎ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ﺃَ َﺩ ًﺑﺎ ﻳَ ْﺼﻠُ ُﺢ ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳَ ُﻜﻮ َﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺒ ُﺪ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻣ َﻊ َﺭﺑﱢﻪ ِ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻭ َﺣ ﱠﺚ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻳَ ْﺸ َﻐ ُﻞ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻭ َﺣ ﱠﺬ َﺭ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﻋ َﻤ ًﻼ ﻳَ ْﻘﻄَ ُﻊ َﻋﻨﻪ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﻪ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻭﺑَ ﱠﻴ َﻦ‬
‫َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ َﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﺨ ُﺮﻭ ِﺝ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺁ ِﻝ ﺑَ ْﻴ ِﺘﻪ ِ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎ ِﻫﺮِ َ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺭ ِﺿ َﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ْ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃُ ﱠﻣ ِﺘﻪ ِ ِﺇﻟَﻰ ﻳَ ْﻮﻡِ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻳﻦ َﻋﻠَﻰ َ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪4} :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﻣﻠِ َ‬
‫ﺎء َ‬ ‫َﻭﺑَ ْﻌ ُﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ‪ُ ‬ﻣ َﺰ ﱢﻛ ًﻴﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَ َﻤ َ‬
‫‪] {? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[١٨ :‬‬
‫ﺎء َﻭ َﺭ َﺛ ُﺔ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ¦ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺮ ًﺭﺍ َﺷ َﺮﻓَ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪ِ < :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﺎء ﻟَ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﻮ ﱢﺭ ُﺛﻮﺍ ﺩِﻳﻨَﺎ ًﺭﺍ َﻭﻻ َ ﺩِ ْﺭ َﻫ ًﻤﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻧﱠ َﻤﺎ َﻭ ﱠﺭ ُﺛﻮﺍ‬ ‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷ َ ْﻧﺒِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠ َْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ ﺃ َ َﺧ َﺬ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺃ َ َﺧ َﺬ ﺑ َِﺤ ﱟﻆ َﻭﺍﻓِ ٍﺮ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ُﻌﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء ﺃُ ﱠﻣ ِﺘﻪ ِ‪َ < :‬ﻳﺮِ ُﺙ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦ ُﻣ ْﺨ ِﺒ ًﺮﺍ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻏ ُﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪،‬‬‫ِﻳﻞ ﺍﻟ َﺠﺎ ِﻫﻠِ َ‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺧﻠَ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ُﻋ ُﺪﻭﻟ ُُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻨ ُﻔﻮ َﻥ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﺗ ْﺄﻭ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﻭﭐ ْﻧ ِﺘ َﺤ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ ِﻄﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ ْﺤﺮِ َﻳﻒ ﺍﻟ َﻐﺎﻟ ِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺎﻧَﺔِ‬‫ﻱ ‪َ < :‬ﻫ َﺬﺍ ِﺇ ْﺧ َﺒ ٌﺎﺭ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ¦ ﺑِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨَ َﻮ ﱢﻭ ﱡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻣ ُ‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ َﻭ ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻋ َﺪﺍﻟَﺔِ ﻧَﺎﻗِﻠِﻴﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳُ َﻮﻓ ﱢ ُﻖ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ِﻓﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ‬
‫ﺎء ِﻣ َﻦ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺪﻭ ِﻝ ﻳَ ْﺤ ِﻤﻠُﻮﻧَ ُﻪ َﻭﻳَ ْﻨ ُﻔﻮ َﻥ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮ َﻳﻒ َﻭ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺼ ٍﺮ ُﺧﻠَ َﻔ َ‬
‫ﻳﺢ ﺑِ َﻌ َﺪﺍﻟ َﺔِ َﺣﺎ ِﻣﻠِﻴﻪ ِ ِﻓﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﻋ ْﺼ ٍﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ُﻩ ﻓَ َﻼ ﻳَ ِﻀ ُﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻫ َﺬﺍ َﺗ ْﺼﺮِ ٌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻫ َﺬﺍ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃ َ ْﻋ َﻼﻡِ ﺍﻟﻨُ ُﺒ ﱠﻮﺓ> )‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َﻭ َﻫ َﻜ َﺬﺍ َﻭﻗَ َﻊ َﻭﻟ ِﻠﱠ ِﻪ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺪﻭ ِﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ َﻴﺎ ِﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ ْﺪ َﺗ َﺤ ﱠﻘ َﻖ َﺟ ِﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ِﻓﻲ ُﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌﺔِ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺠ َﺘ ِﻬ ِﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻤﻴ َﻦ ﺑ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﺎﻑ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﺪﻳ َﻦ ﺑِﺄَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِﻪ ِ ·‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ ْﻢ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑ َﻌﺔِ ﺃَ ْﺻﻨَ ٍ‬ ‫¦‪ُ ،‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎء‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َ‬ ‫ﺎء ﺃُ ُﺻﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﺻ َﺤ ُ‬ ‫ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٣٦٤١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ (٢٢٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )‪(٨٨‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ )‪(٢٠٩١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/١‬ﺹ‪ ١٧‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ(‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻓ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ْﺍﻋ َﺘﻨَ ْﻮﺍ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘﺮِﻳﺮِ ﺍﻟ َﻘ َﻮﺍ ِﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺎء ﺃ ُ ُﺻﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻓَ ُﻬ ُﻢ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻓَﺄَ ﱠﻣﺎ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺸ ﱠﺮﻓَﺔ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﺟ َﻤﺎ ِﻉ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ِﻈﻴﻢِ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﺁ ِﻥ َ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒ َﺮﺍ ِﻫﻴ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺭ ﱡﺩﻭﺍ َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻷُ ﱠﻣﺔِ‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﺃَﻳﱠ ُﺪﻭﺍ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ َ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻘﺎﺋ َﺪ ﺑِﺎﻷَﺩﻟ ﱠﺔ َﻭ َ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﺤ ِﻔ َﻈ ْﺖ ﺑِ ُﻬ ُﻢ ﺍﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ِﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ ْﺟ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺨﺎﻟِ ِﻔ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِﻋ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ْ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋ ِﺘ َﻘﺎﺩِﻳﱠ ُﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺭ ُﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ ﻓَ ِﺈﻧﱠ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﺗ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻘﻮﺍ ﺑِﺄَ َﺣﺎﺩِ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺏ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺃ َ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺃ َ ْﺻ َﺤ ُ‬
‫ﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﻷَ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳَ ُﻘﻮﻝُ ‪q p} :‬‬ ‫ﺎﺱ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫¦ َﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺃَ َﺳ ُ‬
‫‪]{ w v u t s r‬ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺮ‪ ،[٧ :‬ﻓَ ْﺎﺷ َﺘ َﻐﻠُﻮﺍ ﺑِ َﺴ َﻤﺎ ِﻋﻪ ِ‬
‫َﻭﻧَ ْﻘﻠِﻪ ِ َﻭ َﺗ ْﺪ ِﻭﻳ ِﻨﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ ْﻤ ِﻴﻴ ِﺰ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺤﻪ ِ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﺤ ِﻔ َﻈ ْﺖ ﺑِ ُﺠ ُﻬﻮﺩِ ِﻫ ُﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﺒ ِﻮﻳﱠ ُﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘ ْﻨ َﺒﺎ ِﻁ ِﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎﻡِ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻓَ ِﺈﻧﱠ ُﻬ ُﻢ ْﺍﺷ َﺘ َﻐﻠُﻮﺍ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﻬﻢِ َﻭ ْ‬ ‫َﻭﺃ َ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺐ ﺍﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎﻡِ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ ْﺪﻗِﻴ ِﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﻈﺮِ ِﻓﻲ َﺗ ْﺮﺗِ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﺁ ِﻥ َﻭﻓ ْﻘﻪ ِ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺮﺍﻡ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻴﻪ ِ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻤ ِﻴﻴ ِﺰ ﺑَ ْﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﻼ ِﻝ َﻭ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ُﺣ ُﺪﻭﺩِ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻔ ّﺴﺮِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺠ َﻤ ِﻞ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺪ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻄﻠَ ِﻖ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻨ ُﺴﻮ ِﺥ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ ِﺦ َﻭ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺘ َﺸﺎﺑِﻪ ِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺤ َﻜﻢِ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎﺹ َﻭ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟ َﺨ ﱢ‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﺎء ﺃُ ُﺻﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﺍﻟ ﱡﺼﻮﻓ ﱠﻴﺔ ﻓَ َﻮﺍﻓَ ُﻘﻮﺍ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ َ‬‫َﻭﺃ َ ﱠﻣﺎ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺬ ِﺭ ِﻓﻲ ُﻣ َﺠﺎﻧَﺒﺔِ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﻓﻲ ُﻋﻠُﻮ ِﻣ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ َﻣ ِﺰﻳ ِﺪ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ُ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱢﺪﺛ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬ َﻮﻯ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ِﺤ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‬‫ﺹ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻻ ْﻗ ِﺘ َﺪﺍء‪َ ،‬ﻋﺎ ِﻣﻠِ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪]{} | { z y} :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪.[١٨ :‬‬
‫ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ُﺧ ﱡﺼﻮﺍ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﺑِ ُﻌﻠُﻮﻡٍ َﺩﻗِﻴ َﻘﺔٍ َﻭﺃَ ْﺣ َﻮﺍ ٍﻝ َﺷﺮِﻳ َﻔﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﺘ َﻜﻠﱠ ُﻤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﺜ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻘ َﺎﻣ ِ‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِﺒ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻌﺎ َﻣ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒﺮِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ َﺭ ِﻉ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱡ َﻤ ْﺄ ِﻧﻴﻨَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ َﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺮﺍﻗَ َﺒﺔِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜﺮِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ْﻛﺮِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺹ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪ ِﻕ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍ ِﻹ ْﺧ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻬ َﺎﺑﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻈﻴﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍ ِﻹ ْﺟ َﻼ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ُ ْﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪﺗِ َﻬﺎ ﻟِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﻲ َﺩﻗَﺎﺋِ ِﻖ‬
‫ﺲ َﻭ َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺔِ ُﻣ َﺠ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒ ْﺤ َﺚ ِﻓﻲ ُﻋ ُﻴ ِ‬ ‫َﺩﻗﱠ ُﻘﻮﺍ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِﻳﻔﺔِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻬ َﻮ ِﺓ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟ َﻰ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻋﻠُﻮ ِﻣ ِﻬ ُﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳَ ِﺎء َﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ِﻨ ﱠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ِﻓﻲ َﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻤ َ‬‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺰ ِﻛ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ ﻟِ ْﻸ َ ْﻣﺮِ َﻭﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻬ ِﻲ ْﺍﺑ ِﺘ َﺪﺍ ًء َﻭﺍ ْﻧ ِﺘ َﻬﺎ ًء‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺴ ِﻘﻄُﻮ َﻥ ِﻣ َﻴﺰﺍ َﻥ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺮﺍ ِﻋ َ‬
‫ﺎﺻﺔِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِ َﻳﻌﺔِ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ ْﻳ ِﺪﻳ ِﻬ ْﻢ َﻃ ْﺮﻓَ َﺔ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺗ َﺤ ﱠﻘ ُﻘﻮﺍ ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻮ َﻻﻳَﺔِ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ّ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝُ ﺍﷲُ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ َﺷ ْﺄ ِﻥ ﺃَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِ َﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ َ‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ْﺪ ِﺳ ِﻲ‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﺎﺩﻯ ﻟِﻲ َﻭﻟ ِ ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ ﺁ َﺫ ْﻧ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﺑ َ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﺤ ْﺮ ِﺏ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫َﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ِﻮﻻﻳَﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺭ ُﺓ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪" ! }:‬‬
‫ـ ﻭ َِﻻﻳَ ٌﺔ َﻋ ﱠﺎﻣﺔٌ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺍ ِﻹ َﺷ َ‬
‫‪]{ ) ( ' & % $ #‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪َ ،[٢٥٥ :‬ﻭﻗِ َﻮ ُﺍﻣ َﻬﺎ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ ِﺓ ﻣ ِﺠﻲء ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒ ِ‬
‫ِﻲء‬ ‫ﺲ َﻭﻗَ ُﺒﻮﻟ ُ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻣﺎ ُﻋﻠِ َﻢ ﺑ ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِﺇ ْﺫ َﻋﺎ ُﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻣ َﻼﺋِ َﻜ ِﺘﻪ ِ َﻭ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺒﻪ ِ َﻭ ُﺭ ُﺳﻠِﻪ ِ‬
‫¦ ﺑِﻪ ِ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ ِﻹ َ‬
‫ﻭﺷ ﱢﺮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟِ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳَ ْﺼ َﺤ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮِ َﻭﺍﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎ ِء ﻭﺍﻟ َﻘ َﺪ ِﺭ َﺧ ْﻴﺮِﻩ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟﻴ ْﻮﻡِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺏ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟ ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺭﺓ ْ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺸ ُﻬ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ِﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎَ َﻥ ِﺇ ْﺗ َﻴﺎ ُﻥ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎﺭ ُﺓ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪" !} :‬‬ ‫ﺎﺻ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺍ ِﻹ َﺷ َ‬
‫ـ َﻭ ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ٌﺔ َﺧ ﱠ‬
‫‪]{+ * ) ( ' & % $ #‬ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪،[٦٢ :‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺸ ُﺎﺭ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﻓﻲ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺣ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻲ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪﻱ ِﺑ َﺸ ْﻲ ٍء ﺃ َ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ِﺇﻟَ ﱠﻲ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ﭐ ْﻓ َﺘ َﺮ ْﺿ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ُﺪ ِﺳ ﱢﻲ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺮ َﺏ ﱠ‬
‫َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣﺎ َﻳ َﺰ ُﺍﻝ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪﻱ َﻳ َﺘ َﻘ ﱠﺮ ُﺏ ِﺇﻟَ ﱠﻲ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨﱠﻮﺍﻓِ ِﻞ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﺃ ُ ِﺣ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈ َﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪،‬‬‫ﺃ َ ْﺣ َﺒ ْﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ َﺳ ْﻤ َﻌ ُﻪ ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ َﻳ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺑ َﺼ َﺮ ُﻩ ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ُﻳ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫)‪(٦٥٠٢‬‬ ‫ا ري‬ ‫)‪ٔ (١‬ا‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﺶ ِﺑ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺭ ْﺟﻠَ ُﻪ ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺘﻲ َﻳ ْﻤ ِﺸﻲ ِﺑ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ َﺳﺄَﻟَ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻳ َﺪ ُﻩ ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺘﻲ َﻳ ْﺒ ِﻄ ُ‬
‫َﻷ ُ ْﻋ ِﻄ َﻴﻨﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟَ ِﺌ ِﻦ ﭐ ْﺳ َﺘ َﻌﺎ َﺫ ِﻧﻲ َﻷ ُ ِﻋ َﻴﺬﻧﱠ ُﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺎﺹ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻮﻟﱠﻰ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎﺩ َﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻮﻟِ ﱡﻲ ﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻓَ َ‬
‫ﻮﻡ ﺑ ُِﺤ ُﻘﻮ ِﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻋ َﺘ ُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﺍﻟِﻲ ﺑ َِﻼ َﺗ َﺨﻠﱡ ِﻞ ِﻋ ْﺼ َﻴﺎ ٍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻴ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﻃ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻇَﺎ ِﻫ ًﺮﺍ َﻭﺑَﺎ ِﻃ ًﻨﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﭑ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻘ َﺼﺎء ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ َﻭﺍﻡِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺄﻧِﻪ ِ ﻓَﺄَ ْﻭ َﺻﻠَ ُﻪ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َﻛ َﻤﺎﻟِﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ِﻜ ْﻠ ُﻪ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﻧَ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ ِ َﻃ ْﺮﻓَﺔ‬
‫َﻋ ْﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻳُ ِﺸ ُﻴﺮ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪{+ * ) ( } :‬‬
‫]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪.[١٩٦ :‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺹ ﻟِ ْﻠ ِﻮ َﻻﻳَﺔِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ ْﻭﻟِ َﻴﺎء ﺍﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻟﻲ )ﺕ‪٥٦٥‬ﻫـ( ‪ ،µ‬ﻭﺑِ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ ﺃﺑُﻮ ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِ َﻳﻌﺔِ ِﺟ ًﻴﻼ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ِﺟﻴ ٍﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﺃَ َﻛﺎﺑِ ُﺮ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ِﻴ ِﺪ )ﺕ‪٧٠٢‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺎﻡ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﭐ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺩﻗِﻴ ِﻖ َ‬
‫ـ ﻓَﻘﺪ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َ‬ ‫‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﺭﺃَ ْﻳ ُﺖ ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺮ َﻑ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱢﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬‫ﱠ‬

‫ا ‪.‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎء ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻦ )ﺹ‪(٧٥‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺒ َﺪ ِﺭ ﱡ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎ ﱢﺝ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ َﻔ ِﻘ ُﻴﻪ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟِ ِﻜ ﱡﻲ ﭐ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َ‬ ‫ـ َﻭ َﺫ َﻛ َﺮ ُﻩ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠِ ُﻴﻞ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َ‬ ‫)ﺕ‪٧٣٧‬ﻫـ( ‪‬ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ‪َ :‬ﺳﻴﱢ ِﺪﻱ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ﱡﻲ )‪٧٧١‬ﻫـ( ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ َﺗ ُ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َﻥ َﺳﻴﱢ َﺪ َﻋ ْﺼﺮِﻩِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ُِﻑ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﺄﻧِﻪ ِ‪ < :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺍﻟ َﻜﺒ ُِﻴﺮ َﻭﻟِ ﱡﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺃَﺑُﻮ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‪ :‬ﱠ‬‫َﻭﺑَ َﺮ َﻛ َﺔ َﺯ َﻣﺎﻧِﻪ ِ)‪َ .(٢‬ﻭ َﺣ ﱠﻼ ُﻩ ﺃَ ْﻳ ً‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ>)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻑ ﺑِﭑ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺑِ ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪﺍﺋِﻢ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِ ُﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟِ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﱢ ُﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻴﻠَﻖ )ﺕ‪٧٩٧‬ﻫـ( ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮ ِﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭ ِﻋ ْﻠﻢِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ﱠﻼﻣ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ِﺣ ُﺪ ﻓﻲ َﻋ ْﺼﺮِﻩ ﻓﻲ َﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼ ﱡﻮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ِ )‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﭑﺗﱢﻔﺎﻕ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻳُ َﻌ ﱠﻮﻝُ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃ ْﻫ ِﻞ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒ ْﺮ ُﺯﻟِ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ َﻔ ِﻘ ُﻴﻪ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜ ﱡﻲ ﺃَﺑُﻮ ﺍﻟ َﻘﺎﺳﻢِ ُ‬ ‫ـ ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ِﻋ ْﻠﻢِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫)ﺕ‪٨٤١‬ﻫـ( ‪  :‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ )ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(١٨٩‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/٦‬ﺹ‪(٢٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/٦‬ﺹ‪(٢٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ )ﻕ‪/٨١‬ﺃ(‬

‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓَﺔِ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪﻗَﺎﺋِ ِﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﺳ َﺮﺍ ٍﺭ َﻛ ِﺜﻴ َﺮ ٍﺓ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻠﻢِ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﺣﻴ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ‪،‬‬‫ﺹ ِﻓﻲ ِﻋ ْﻠﻢِ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻨ ِﺰﻳ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺣ ْﻜ َﻤﺔِ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﻣ ﱠﻤ ْﻦ ﻧَ ﱠﻮ َﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﻗَ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﻪ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻐ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﱠﺎﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﻔﻮ ٌﻅ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻇَﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠُﻮﻡِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺺ ُ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺧ َﺼﺎﺋِ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ َﻭﺑِﺄَ ْﻣﺮِﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫َﻛ َﻼ ِﻣﻪ ِ َﻭﺃَ ْﺣ َﺰﺍﺑِﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﻫ َﻮ ِﻣ َﻦ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻷَ ْﺣ َﻮﺍ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺭ َﺟﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِﺓ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ ِﺎء ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼﻡِ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻇَﺎ ِﻫ ًﺮﺍ َﻭﺑَﺎ ِﻃ ًﻨﺎ‪.(١)‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ﱡﻲ )ﺕ‪٩١١‬ﻫـ( ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺎﻡ َﺟ َﻼﻝُ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺏ ِﻓﻲ َﺯ َﻣﺎﻧِﻪ ِ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ُﻘﻠُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ ِ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ ِﺇ َﻣ ُ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪‬ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩِ َﺭ ُﺓ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺳ َﺎﺩ ِﺓ ﻓُ َﻘ َﻬ ِﺎء ﺃَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ َﻬ َﺎﺩ ُ‬ ‫ﻓ َﻬ ِﺬﻩِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡِ ﺃَﺑَﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺯ ِﻣﻨَﺔٍ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﺪ َﺩ ٍﺓ َﺩﺍﻟ ﱠ ٌﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺼ ًﻤﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺻﺔِ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ ِ‬‫‪َ µ‬ﻛﺎ َﻥ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﻟ ِﻮ َﻻﻳَﺔِ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻳﺤ ٌﺔ َﻭ َﺻﻠَ ْﺘﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻭﭐ ْﺷ َﺘ َﻬ َﺮ ْﺕ‪،‬‬‫ﺎﺕ َﺻﺮ َ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ َﺩﻟ ﱠ ْﺖ َﻛﻠِ َﻤ ٌ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪ُ < :µ‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٍﻢ َﺗ ْﺴﺒ ُِﻖ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ َﻚ ِﻓﻴﻪ ِ ﺍﻟ َﺨ َﻮﺍ ِﻃ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ ِﻤﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/٦‬ﺹ‪(٤٤٥‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺎﻭﻱ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/١‬ﺹ‪(٣٩٢‬‬

‫‪ ١٠ ‬‬
 ‫ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ُﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗﻠ َْﺘ ﱡﺬ ﺑِﻪ ِ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺒ َِﻴﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓَﭑ ْﺭﻡِ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ َﻛﺎ َﻥ َﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﺧﺬْ‬
‫ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﺃَ ْﻧ َﺰﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ ¦‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍ ْﻗ َﺘ ِﺪ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻭﺑِﺎﻟ ُﺨﻠَ َﻔ ِﺎء‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَ ْﻌ ِﺪﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺑَﺎِﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔِ ﺍ ُﻟﻬ َﺪﺍ ِﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺒ ﱠﺮﺋِ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ َﺤﺎﺑَﺔِ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘﺎﺑِ ِﻌ َ‬
‫َﻭ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ُﻜﻮ ِﻙ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﻈﻨُﻮ ِﻥ َﻭﺍﻷَ ْﻭ َﻫﺎﻡِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻬ َﻮﻯ َﻭ ُﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌ ِﺘﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﺴﻠَ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬ َﺪﻯ َﻭ َﺣ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻘﻪ ِ>)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ِﻀﻠﱠﺔِ َﻋ ِﻦ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ َﻋ َﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺫﺑَﺔِ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠ َﺔ ﻓَ َﺘ َﻤ ﱠﺴ ْﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻛ ْﺸ ُﻔ َﻚ ﺍﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ َ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪< :µ‬ﻟ َ ْﻮ َﻋ َﺎﺭ َ‬
‫ﺎﺏ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺩ ِﻉ ﺍﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ َﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻗُ ْﻞ ﻟِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ َﻚ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻀ َﻤ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﺪ َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ ﻟِ َﻲ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﺼ َﻤ َﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪ ِﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻋ ْﺮ ِﺿﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻭ َﻻ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﻟ َﻬﺎﻡِ َﻭ َﻻ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺸ َ‬ ‫َﺟﺎﻧِ ِﺐ ﺍﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ>)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎ ِﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ ﺑِ َﻤ َﻮﺍﻗِ ِﻊ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪ِ < :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺟ ﱢﻞ َﻣ َﻮﺍ ِﻫ ِﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒ َﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻘ َﻀ ِﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﺮ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﻧُ ُﺰﻭﻝ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُﺟﻮ ُﻉ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﻮﺍﺋِ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺧﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻫ ِﺬﻩِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ َﺪﺍﺋِ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱡ‬‫ﱠ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪ ِﺓ َﻭ ُﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌﺔِ‬ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﺭﺑَ ُﻊ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺰﺍﺋِ ِﻦ ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺑِ َﺴﺎ ِﻁ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺠ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻫﻦ )ﺹ‪(٢٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻫﻦ )ﺹ‪(٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ١١ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ َﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﻗ ِﺘ َﺪ ِﺍء ﺑِﺎﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔِ ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ َﺻ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻭﻟِ َﺮ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å} ،‬‬ ‫َﻭﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻨ َ‬
‫‪]{Ð‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.(١)[٥٦ :‬‬
‫ﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺼ ٌ‬‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪< :µ‬ﭐ ْﻋﻠَ ْﻢ ﺃَﻧﱠ َﻚ ِﺇ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ َﺭ ْﺩ َﺕ ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳَ ُﻜﻮ َﻥ ﻟ َ َﻚ ﻧَ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺱ ُﺟ ْﻤﻠَ ًﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠَ ْﻴ َﻚ ﺑ َِﺮ ْﻓ ِ‬‫ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ِﻷَ ْﻭﻟِ َﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺎﺏ‬‫ﻳَ ُﺪﻟ ﱡ َﻚ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺑِ ِﺈ َﺷﺎ َﺭﺓ َﺻﺎ ِﺩﻗَﺔٍ َﻭﺃَ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ٍﻝ ﺛَﺎﺑ َِﺘﺔٍ َﻻ ﻳَ ْﻨ ُﻘ ُﻀ َﻬﺎ ِﻛ َﺘ ٌ‬
‫َﻭ َﻻ ُﺳﻨﱠ ٌﺔ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪ْ < :µ‬ﺍﺭ ِﺟ ْﻊ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣﻨَﺎ َﺯ َﻋﺔِ َﺭﺑﱢ َﻚ َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱢﺣ ًﺪﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺟ َﻤ ْﻊ ﺑَ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِﻉ َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﺳﻨ ﱢ ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْ‬ ‫َﻭ ْﺍﻋ َﻤ ْﻞ ﺑِﺄَ ْﺭ َﻛﺎ ِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ُﻣ َﺤ ﱢﻘ ًﻘﺎ>)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻴﻤ َﺔ ـ‬ ‫ﺲ ـ ﻳَ ْﻌ ِﻨﻲ ِﺧ َﺼﺎﻟ َ َﻬﺎ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬ ِﻣ َ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪َ < :µ‬ﻣ ْﻮ ُﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ>)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺎﺏ َﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌﺮِﻓَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﻗ ِﺘ َﺪ ِﺍء ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻜ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪َ < :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺩ َﻋﺎ ِﺇﻟَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻣﺎ َﺩ َﻋﺎ ﺑِﻪ ِ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻦ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎء ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ )ﺹ‪(٤٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺩ )ﺹ‪(٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻫﻦ )ﺹ‪(٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻌﻄﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﻴﻠﻲ )ﻕ‪/٤٣‬ﺏ(‬

‫‪ ١٢ ‬‬
 ‫َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﷲ ِ ﷺ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺑ ِْﺪ ِﻋ ﱞﻲ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُﻉ ﻧَﻘﱠـﺎ ٌﺩ)‪َ (٢‬ﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ َﻭﻟِﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑِﻪ ِ ﺁ ُﺧﺬُ ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺑِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﻗَ ْﻮﻟ ُ ُﻪ ‪ :µ‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻳُ ْﺆ َﺧﺬُ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْﺆ َﺧﺬُ َﻋﻨﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﻫ َﻮ َﻃﺮِﻳ ِﻘﻲ َﻭ َﻃﺮ ُِﻳﻖ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺭ َﺍﺩ ﺃَ ْﻥ‬
‫ﻳَ ْﺼ َﺤ َﺒ ِﻨﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓَ ِﺈﻧﱢﻲ ﺑَﺮِﻱءٌ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣﺎﻡِ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ َﺳ َﺪﺍﺩِ َﻋ ِﻘﻴ َﺪ ِﺓ َﻭ َﻃﺮِﻳ َﻘﺔِ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻳﻦ ﻧَ ِﻈ ُﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ﱡﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ِ < :‬ﻫ َﻲ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺘﺄَ ﱢﺧﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱢﻲ ‪ µ‬ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻦ>)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻃﺮِﻳ َﻘﺔِ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﺠﻨَ ْﻴ ِﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﺪ ِﻣ‬
‫ؑ‬ ‫َ َٔ‬ ‫ُ ٌَ‬
‫ِ ا ِد ِ ِ ‪.µ‬‬‫ّ‬ ‫ؓ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ة ا ﱠ ْ ِ ِ ِ ِٕ ِم ِا‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﱢ ُﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِ ُﻳﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ْﺍﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ﱠﻴﺎ ٍﺩ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺍﻷُ ْﺳ َﺘﺎ ُﺫ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼ ُﺪ ﻟِ َﻤ ْﻦ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺐ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺒ ِ‬‫ﻴﺐ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ِﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺴ ُ‬‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﱠﺎﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ َﻭﺍﻷَ ْﺳ َﺮﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﺪﻧﱢ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻌﻠُﻮﻡِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠِ ﱡﻲ ﺑِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻨ ﱡﻲ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﷲ ِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱡﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻤ َﺘﻠِﻲ‪َ :‬ﺳﻴﱢ ِﺪﻱ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ﱠﺒﺎ ِﺭ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ِﻤﻴﻢ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻫ ْﺮ ُﻣ َﺰ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﻗُ َﺼ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒ ِﺪ َ‬ ‫ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻫﻦ )ﺹ‪(٢٤‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺮ ُﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻟِﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ُﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ّ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻲ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ )ﺹ‪(١١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(١٦٢‬‬

‫‪ ١٣ ‬‬
 ‫ﻮﺷ َﻊ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َﻭ ْﺭﺩ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺃَﺑِﻲ ﺑَﻄﱠﺎ ٍﻝ َﻋﻠِ ّﻲ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﺳ َﻒ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﻳُ َ‬ ‫ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻳُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺲ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻰ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ِﺇ ْﺩ ِﺭ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺣ َﻤ َﺪ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻐﺮِ ِﺏ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻤ َﺒﺎﻳَ ِﻊ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﺑِ ِﺒ َﻼﺩِ َ‬‫ﻳﺲ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ِﺇ ْﺩ ِﺭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮِﻳﱠﺔِ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َﻋﻠِ ّﻲ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺜﻨﱠﻰ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ َﺳﻴﱢ ِﺪ َﺷ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺏ ﺃَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﻟ َﺠﻨﱠﺔ َﻭﺳ ْﺒﻂ َﺧ ْﻴﺮِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻋﻠِ ّﻲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َﻃﺎﻟِ ٍﺐ َﻛ ﱠﺮ َﻡ ﺍﷲُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻨ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‪ْ ،‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺃَ ِﻣﻴﺮِ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َ‬
‫ﺖ َﺭ ُﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﷲ ِ ¦‪َ .‬ﻭ َﻫ َﺬﺍ ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫َﻭ ْﺟ َﻬ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻓَﺎ ِﻃ َﻤ َﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻫ َﺮ َﺍء ﺑِ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ِﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﺴ ُﺐ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻘﺎ ِﻝ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻏ َﻤ َﺎﺭ َﺓ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ﻳُ ْﻘﺮِ ُ‬
‫ﺉ‬ ‫ﻚ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺣ ُﺐ َﺳ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺏ ِﺳﻴ َﺒ َﻮ ْﻳﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﺍﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻄ ﱠﻴ َﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﻴﺮِ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِﻛ َﺘ َ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺕ‪٧٠٩‬ﻫـ(‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َﻥ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑُ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ َﻜ ْﻨ َﺪ ِﺭ ﱢ‬‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ْﺍﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ َﻄ ِﺎء ﺍﷲ ِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﻨ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺮ َﻣ ْﻴ ِﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃُ ُﺻﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺭ َﺷ َﺎﺩ ِ ِﻹ َﻣﺎﻡِ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺐ‬‫ﻱ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ِ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺼﺎﺑِﻴ َﺢ ﻟِ َﻠﺒ َﻐ ِﻮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ ِﻛ َﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺳﺎﻟ َ َﺔ ِﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َﺯ ْﻳ ٍﺪ ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻭﺍﻧِ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﻴﺮِ‬ ‫ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺒ َﺮﺍ ِﺫ ِﻋﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔِ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻐﺮِﻗِﻴ َﻦ ِﻓﻲ َ‬‫ﺾ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺏ ْﺍﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﻄ ﱠﻴ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺮﺃُ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﺑَ ْﻌ ُ‬ ‫ِﻛ َﺘ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋ ّﻴﺎﺩ )ﺹ‪ ٧‬ـ ‪ (٨‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٣٥٥‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺡ‪) .‬ﺹ‪(٩١‬‬

‫‪ ١٤ ‬‬
 ‫ﻓَ َﻴ ُﺮ ﱡﺩ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ْﺤ َﻦ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺻ ِﻔ ﱡﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ْﺑ ُﻦ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ٍﺭ‪َ :‬ﻭ َﺭﺃَ ْﻳ ُﺖ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ِﺫﻟِ ﱠﻲ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﻛﺎﺑِﺮِ ﺍﻷَﻳِ ﱠﻤﺔِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﺭ َﻑ ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ْﺪ َﻭ َﺓ ﺃﺑَﺎَ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ َ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍﷲ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َﻥ ُﻣ ِﻘﻴ ًﻤﺎ ﺑِ َﺜ ْﻐﺮِ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻜ ْﻨ َﺪ ِﺭﻳﱠﺔِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩِ َ‬‫ﻴﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺮﺑﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎﺏ َﻛﺮﺍﻣ ٍ‬ ‫َﻭﻧَ َﺸﺄَ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻳَ َﺪ ْﻳﻪ ِ َﺟ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﺎﺕ َﻭ َﻣ َﻌﺎ ِﺭ َﻑ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔٌ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮﻭ َﻥ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺍﺕ َﻭ َﻣ َﻌﺎ ِﺭ َﺝ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻣ َﻮﺍ ِﻋﻴ ُﺪ َﺣ ِﻔﻠَﺔٌ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟِ َﺴﺎ ٌﻥ َﻃ ْﻠ ٌﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻭ ِﺇ ْﺳﺮﺍء ٍ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﺍﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺑَﻴﱢﻨَ ٌﺔ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮﻓ ﱢ َﻲ ِﻓﻲ َﻃﺮِﻳ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﻴ َﺬ َ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱠﺿ َﺤ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗﺄﺛِﻴ َﺮﺍ ٌ‬‫َﻭ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ َﺭ ٌ‬
‫ﺎء ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺩِﻳَﺎ ِﺭ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻭﺣ َﻜﺎﻳَﺎ ُﺗ ُﻪ ﺑَ ْﻴ َﻦ ﺃَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِﻪ ِ َﻛﺜ َﻴﺮﺓ ٌ ‪َ .µ‬ﻛﺎ َﻥ ﻗَ ْﺪ َﺟ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬ ْﻴ َﺌﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺪ َﻕ َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ ﺑِﺄَ ْﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﺭ ِﺓ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ِﻤ ُﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ َ‬‫ﺼ ٌﻴﺮ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ِﻤ ُﻴﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑَ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﻟِ َﻤ َﻜﺎﻧِﻲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻘ َﺮﺍﻓَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺃَ ﱠﻭﻝُ ُﺭ ْﺅﻳَ ِﺘﻲ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‪ .‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َﺣ ﱠﺞ َﻭ َﺳﺎﻓَ َﺮ‬ ‫َﺟ َ‬
‫ﺎء ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺩِﻳَﺎ ِﺭ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﺮ َﻭﺃَﻗَ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِﺏ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺟ َﺮﻯ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ِ َﻋ َﻄﺎءٌ‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َﺟ َ‬
‫ﺎﺕ ِﻓﻲ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻘﻪ ِ ‪.(٢)µ‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺳﺎﻓَ َﺮ ﺑِ ِﻨ ﱠﻴﺔِ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ﱠﺣﺎﻟ َ ُﺔ ْﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺑَﻄﱡﻮ َﻃ َﺔ )ﺕ‪٧٧٩‬ﻫـ(‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﺧ َﺒ َﺮﻧِﻲ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ َﻛﺎ َﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺮ ِﺳ ﱢﻲ ﺃَ ﱠﻥ ﺃَﺑَﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺱ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺕ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﻴ ِﺨﻪ ِ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻳَﺎﻗُ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻦ )ﺹ‪(١٠٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )ﺹ‪ ٧٨‬ـ ‪(٧٩‬‬

‫‪ ١٥ ‬‬
‫ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﺞ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔٍ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ ْﺠ َﻌ ُﻞ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ ُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺻ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳُ َﺠﺎ ِﻭ ُﺭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭﺭ ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ َﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﺞ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ ُﺰ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻤ ﱠﻜ َﺔ َﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ َﺭ َﺟ ٍﺐ َﻭ َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ُﻩ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍ ْﻧ ِﻘ َﻀﺎء َ‬
‫ﻮﺩ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﺭ ِﺏ ﺍﻟ َﻜ ِﺒﻴﺮِ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺑَﻠَ ِﺪﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻓَﻠَ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮِ َﻳﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ ُﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺁﺧ ُﺮ َﺳﻨَﺔٍ َﺧ َﺮ َﺝ ِﻓﻴ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﻟِ َﺨ ِﺪﻳ ِﻤﻪ ِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ َﻭ ِﻫﻲ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ ِﻨ َ‬‫ﺾ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﱢ ُﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‬ ‫ْﺍﺳ َﺘ ْﺼ ِﺤ ْﺐ ﻓَ ْﺄ ًﺳﺎ َﻭﻗُ ﱠﻔ ًﺔ َ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻨَ ُﻮﻃ ًﺎ َﻭ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ َﺠ ﱠﻬ ُﺰ ﺑِﻪ ِ َ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‪َ :‬ﻭﻟِ َﻤﺎ َﺫﺍ ﻳَﺎ َﺳﻴﱢ ِﺪﻱ؟ ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‪< :‬ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺜ َﺮﺍ َﺳ ْﻮ َﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺨ ِﺪ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺏ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺑِ َﻬﺎ َﻋ ْﻴ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺮﻯ>‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﺣ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺜ َﺮﺍ ﺑِ َﺼ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﺮ ِﻓﻲ َﺻ ْﺤ َﺮﺍء َﻋ ْﻴ َﺬ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ َﺒﺎ ِﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓَﻠَ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺑَﻠَ َﻐﺎ ُﺣ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺜ َﺮﺍ ْﺍﻏ َﺘ َﺴ َﻞ‬ ‫َﻣ ٍﺎء ُﺯ َﻋﺎ ٍﻕ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ َﻲ َﻛ ِﺜ َﻴﺮ ُﺓ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴ ِﻦ َﻭ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺭ ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘﻴ ِﻦ َﻭﻗَﺒ َﻀ ُﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ِ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫َﺳ ْﺠ َﺪ ٍﺓ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺻ َﻼﺗِﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﺩ ِﻓ َﻦ ُﻫﻨَﺎ َﻙ)‪.(١‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ا َ م‪:‬‬ ‫۞‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ )ﺕ‪٦٣٨‬ﻫـ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺷ َﻐﻠَ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺨﻠﱡ ِﻖ ﺑﻪ ِ َ‬
‫ﻭﺗ َﻌﻠﱡ ِﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺒ َﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﷲُ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ‬‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺛﻢ َﺫ َﻫ َﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻓﻴﻪ ِ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳَ ْﻜ ُﻤ َﻞ)‪ .(٢‬ﻓَﻤﺎ َ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺪ ﱡﺭ ِﺝ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻃﺔ )ﺝ‪/١‬ﺹ‪(١٨٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ )ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ١٦ ‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺗ َﻮﺍﻟ َﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ ْﺃﻣ َﺜﺎﻟ ُﻪ ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ‬ ‫ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ َﺣ ًﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ َﺫﺍ َﺗ َﻤﻜ َّﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ُﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎﻣﺎ)‪.(١‬‬‫َﻣ ً‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٍﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﻟﻲ )ﺕ‪٥٠٥‬ﻫـ(‪ُ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝُ ﻳﻮ ِﺭ ُﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻ ُﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﻓﻴﻮ ِﺭ ُﺙ َ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤ ٍﻞ؛ ﻓﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ُﻢ ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎ ٍﻝ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟِ ِﻜ َ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠَﺔِ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ ُﺮ ـ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝُ ﺫﻟِﻚ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﱠﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ُﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ َﻣ ْﻌﺮِﻓَ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱢ ْﻌ َﻤﺔِ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ـ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٍﻢ ﻭﺣﺎ ٍﻝ َ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﺈ ْﻧ َﻌﺎ ِﻣﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ ِﻌﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ َﺤﺎﻝُ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺍﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُﺡ ﺍﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ ِﻌﻢِ َﻭ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﺒﻮﺑُ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ َﺘ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻖ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﺍﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ِﻘ َﻴ ُﺎﻡ ﺑ َِﻤﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺼ ُ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ َﻭﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱢ َﺴﺎ ِﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ )ﺕ‪٦٣٨‬ﻫـ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﺃ ْﻳ ً‬
‫ﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺜﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻋﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ َ‬
‫ﻑ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠﻢِ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔِ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎء‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮ ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ )ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٣٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺣﻴﺎء )ﺝ‪/٤‬ﺹ‪(٨١‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫) ‪(٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ )ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٣٠‬‬

‫‪ ١٧ ‬‬
 ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫۞ا َ َ ا ِ ‪:‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ـ َﻣﻘﺎ ُﻡ ُﻣ َﺘ َﺎﺑ َﻌﺔِ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ِﺒ ﱢﻲ ¦‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺃَ ْﺣ َﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﻄَ ٍﺎء )ﺕ‪٣٠٩‬ﻫـ( ‪َ < :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗ َﺎﻝ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺐ ¦ ﻓِﻲ ﺃ َ َﻭﺍ ِﻣﺮِ ِﻩ َﻭﺃ َ ْﻓ َﻌﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﻘ َﺎﻡ ﺃ َ ْﺷ َﺮ ُﻑ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻡِ ُﻣ َﺘ َﺎﺑ َﻌﺔ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﺒ ِ‬
‫َﻭﺃ َ ْﺧ َﻼ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘﺄَ ﱡﺩ ُﺏ ِﺑ َﺂﺩﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻗَ ْﻮ ًﻻ َﻭﻓِ ْﻌ ًﻼ َﻭ َﻋ ْﺰ ًﻣﺎ َﻭ َﻋ ْﻘ ًﺪﺍ َﻭ ِﻧ ﱠﻴ ًﺔ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘ َﻘ َﺎﻣﺔِ ﻇَﺎ ِﻫ ًﺮﺍ َﻭ َﺑﺎ ِﻃ ًﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ـ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ َﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘﻮ ﱡﺟ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺨﻠﱢﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﻭ ْﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﱡ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻭ ْﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﺫ ِﻣﻴ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ـ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُﻡ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ َﻘ ُﺎﻡ ﺍ ِﻹﻳ َﻤﺎ ُﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ َﻘ ُﺎﻡ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ ِﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼﻡِ ﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ ﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْﺭ ﺃَ ْﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳَ ْﻔ ُﺘ َﺮ َﻋ ِﻦ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ ﺍ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ ِﻥ ﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْﺭ ﺃَ ْﻥ‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﻠ َﺘ ِﻔ َﺖ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َ‬
‫ﻳَ ْﻠ َﺘ ِﻔ َﺖ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺃَ َﺣ ٍﺪ ِﺳ َﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ«‪ .‬ﭐ ْﻧ َﺘ َﻬﻰ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺎﺷ َﺮ ًﺓ ُﺗ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻖ ﺃَ ْﻥ ُﺗﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺷ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﻟِ َﻬ ِﺬﻩِ َ‬
‫َﻭ َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ﺑُﻠُﻮ ِﻍ َ‬
‫َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٢‬ﻭﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳـﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ )ﺕ‪٦٣٨‬ﻫـ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺝ‪/١‬ﺹ‪(٥١٠‬‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ١٨ ‬‬
‫ﻱ َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻤ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ َﺗ َﺮ ﱡﺩ ٍﺩ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻟ َ ْﻮ ُﻛﻠﱢ َﻒ ﺍﻷَ ﱠﻭﻝُ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﺮ ِﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ﻟ َ ُﻪ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َﻣﺎ ﺃَ َﻃ َﺎﻕ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟ َ ْﻮ ُﻛﻠﱢ َﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ َﻈﺮِ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻗَ َﺪ َﺭ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟ َ ْﻮ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُﻛﻠﱢ َﻒ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧ ُﺮ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺅﻳَﺔِ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻣﺎ ﺃَ ْﻣ َﻜﻨَ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺣ ٌﺪ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ِﺑﭑﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻗَ ْﺒﻠَ ُﻪ؛ ِﻷَﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﺷ ْﺮ ٌﻁ ِﻓﻴﻪ ِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺼ ﱡﺢ َﻭ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻻ َﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ َﻥ ﻟِ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻻ ِﺇ ْﺳ َﻼ َﻡ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎ َﻥ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ِﺇ َ‬ ‫ِﺇ ْﺳ َﻼ َﻡ ﻟِ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻻ ِﺇ َ‬
‫ِﺇ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ َﻥ ﻟِ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺧ َﻼ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ؛ ِﻷَﻧﱠ ُﻪ ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ـ ﻟ َ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ـ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﺴ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻇُ ُﻬ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭ ِﺡ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ﺑِ َﻤﺜَﺎﺑَﺔِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡِ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺑِ َﻤﺜَﺎﺑَﺔِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻟ َ ُﻪ ـ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻺﺣﺴﺎﻥ ـ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﻛ َﻤ َﺎﻝ ﻟ َ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ـ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ـ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﻪ ِ ـ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ـ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ َﻣﺎ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺗ َﻤﻜ ُﱡﻦ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ِﺘﻪ ِ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑُﻠُﻮ ُﻍ ُﻛ ﱟﻞ ﻟِ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒﻪ ِ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳَﻈ َْﻬ َﺮ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﻓﻲ َﺟ َﻮﺍﺭ ِِﺣﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺎ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُﻡ َﻋ َﻤ ُﻞ َ‬
‫َﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻤﻜ َﱠﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒﻪ ِ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻳَ َﺮﻯ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﻻ ﻧَ َﺠﺎ َﺓ َﻭ َﻻ َﻛ َﻤ َﺎﻝ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ُﻥ َﻋ ْﻘ ُﺪ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﺑ ُﺪ َﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺟ َﺮﻯ َﻣ ْﺠ َﺮ ُﺍﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍ ِﻹ َ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ َ‬
‫ﺑ َ‬
‫ﺽ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ َﻣﺎ َﺳ َﺒ َﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻤﻜ َﱠﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎ ُﻥ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒﻪ ِ َﻋﻠِ َﻢ ﺃَﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَﻠِ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ َﻻ ﻳَﻠ َْﺘ ِﻔ ُﺖ ِﺇﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ َﺎﻝ ﺑِ َﺨ َﻮﺍﺗِ ِﻤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫﻲ َﻻ ُﺗ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻳﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َﺣﺎﻟَ َﺔ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧ ِﻪ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ًﻼ ﺑِﻪ ِ ﻟِ َﺤ ﱢﻖ ﺍﻟ ِﺤ ْﻜ َﻤﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ِﺯ ْﻧ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ١٩ ‬‬
‫ِﺎﻟﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﻀﻲ ﺑِ َﻔﻨَ ِﺎء ﺍﻟ َﺨﻠِﻴ َﻘﺔِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ ﺑ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺍ ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ ُﻥ َﺭ ْﺑﻂُ َ‬
‫ﻓَﺒ َِﺬﻟِ َﻚ َﻻ ﻳﻠ َْﺘ ِﻔ ُﺖ َﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ُﺒ ُﻪ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ ُﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺎ ْﻓ َﻬ ْﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ا َِ ِ‪:‬‬ ‫۞‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪]{WVUTSR} :‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺮ‪.[٩٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ُ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪]{p o n ml k } :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‪.[٥ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ ُﺒﺮ ِﻧ ْﺼ ُﻒ ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ¦‪ < :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ُﻥ ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﻪ>‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬
‫ﺱ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻓﻄَ ُﺎﺭ ُﻫ ْﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺃَﺑُﻮ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﺭ َﺩ ِﺍء ‪ :µ‬ﻳَﺎ َﺣ ﱠﺒ َﺬﺍ ﻧَ ْﻮ ُﻡ ﺍﻷَ ْﻛ َﻴﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ْﻤ َﻘﻰ َﻭ َﺻ ْﻮ َﻣ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟَ ِﻤ ْﺜ َﻘ ُﺎﻝ َﺫ ﱠﺭ ٍﺓ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ ﱟِﺮ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ﻳَ ْﻐ ِﺒﻨُﻮ َﻥ َﺳ َﻬ َﺮ َ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻘ ًﻮﻯ َﻭ َﻳ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻦ ﺃ َ ْﻋ َﻈ ُﻢ َﻭﺃ َ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ َﻭﺃ َ ْﺭ َﺟ ُﺢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃ َ ْﻣ َﺜﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻟ ِﺠ َﺒﺎ ِﻝ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎﺩ ِﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻐ َﺘ ﱢﺮ َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻛ َﻤﺎ َﺗ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻤﻮﺍ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﺁ َﻥ‬‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟِﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﺪﺍﻥ ‪َ :µ‬ﺗ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻤﻮﺍ ﺍ ْﻟ َﻴ ِﻘ َ‬
‫ﻮﻩ ﻓَ ِﺈﻧﱢﻲ ﺃَ َﺗ َﻌﻠﱠ ُﻤ ُﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺗ ْﻌﺮِﻓُ ُ‬
‫ﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ َﻻ ﻳَ ْﻨ َﻘﻠِ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ْﺍﺳ ِﺘ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨَﻴ ُﺪ ‪:µ‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ‪) ،‬ﺹ ‪(٤١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ )ﺹ‪ (١٧١‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺔ )ﺝ‪/١‬ﺹ‪(٢١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢٠ ‬‬
 ‫َﻭ َﻻ ﻳَ ُﺤﻮﻝُ ﻭﻻ َﻳﺘ َﻐ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺯﻳَ َﺎﺩ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻱ ‪َ < :µ‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ َﺳ ْﻬ ُﻞ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﷲ ِ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺘ ْﺴ َﺘﺮِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴ ِﻘﻪ ِ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﺤﻘﱡﻖ ﺍﻷَ ْﺳ َﺮﺍ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺧ ِﻔﻴﻒ‪َ < :‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺕ>)‪.(٣‬‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻐ ﱠﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺑِﺄَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎﻡِ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻲ ‪ْ :µ‬ﺍﻋ ُﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﺑ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَﻰ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻗَ ﱠﻞ َﻋ َﻤﻠُ َﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ُﺗ ْﺮﻓَ ْﻊ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ َﺭ َﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺕ ُ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻄ ِﺎء ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ِﺣ ِﻜ َﻤﻪ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗَ ﱠﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ُ‬
‫ﺑَ َﺮ َﺯ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَﻠ ٍْﺐ َﺯﺍ ِﻫ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻻَ َﻛ ُﺜ َﺮ َﻋ َﻤ ٌﻞ ﺑَ َﺮ َﺯ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَﻠ ٍْﺐ َﺭﺍ ِﻏ ٍﺐ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫﺪ ْﻓﻬ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍ َﻟﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠِ ُﻴﻞ ْﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ َﻥ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒِﻪ ﭐ ْﻗ ِﺘ َﺮﺍﺑُ ُﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﱠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻳَ ْﻌﻈ ُُﻢ ﺛﻮﺍﺑُ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳَ ْﺤ ُﺼ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﻛ ِﺜ ٌﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ٌﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺑِ ُﻜﻠ ﱠﱢﻴ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇ ْﺫ َﺯ ِﻫ َﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﺧﻠِ ﱡﻲ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ِﺳ َﻮﻯ َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ ُﻩ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺘ ﱢ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ِﺓ َﻭ ُﺭ ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻘﺼ ُ‬‫ِﺳ َﻮﺍﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤٣٤‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(٤٤‬‬

‫‪ ٢١ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ْﺇﻥ َﺻ ِﺤ َﺒ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ِﺤ ْﺮ ُﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﱠﻪ ﻓﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜﻢِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠِﻪ ﻭﻋﺎﺋِ َﺪﺗِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﭑ ْﻋ َﺘﺒ ِْﺮ ﺑ ُِﺰ ْﻫ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠِﻴ ِﻞ؛ ﻟِ َﻌ َﺪﻡِ ﻓَﺎﺋِ َﺪﺗِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗِﻠﱠﺔِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑِ َﻜ ْﺜ َﺮ ِﺓ َﻋ َﻤﻠِﻪ ِ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗِ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻘ َﻞ َﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻲ ‪َ :µ‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻣﺎ ﺃَ َﺭﺍ َﺩ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻭ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻳُﺮِﻳ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺔٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻧِ ْﻌ َﻤﺔٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻭ ﺑَﻠِ ﱠﻴﺔٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻭ َﻃ َ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺔٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻭ َﻣ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺷ َﻴ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ َﺮ َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓَ ِﺈ َﺫﺍ ُﻛ ْﻨ َﺖ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱢ ْﻌ َﻤﺔِ ﻓَﺎﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ َﺮ َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪.‬‬‫َﻭ ِﺇ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ َﺭﺍ َﺩ ﺑِ َﻚ ﺑَﻠِ ﱠﻴ ًﺔ ﻓَﺎﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻨﱠﺔِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋ َﺔ ﻓَﺎﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ُﺷ ُﻬ َ‬ ‫ﻓَ ِﺈ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ َﺭ َﺍﺩ ﺑِ َﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ َ‬
‫َﻭ ُﺭ ْﺅ َﻳ َﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﻓِﻴ ِﻖ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ َﻴ ًﺔ ﻓَﺎﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑ َﺔ َﻭﺍ ِﻹ َﻧ َﺎﺑ َﺔ‬
‫َﻭ ِﺇ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ َﺭ َﺍﺩ ﺑِ َﻚ َﻣ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻘ َﻞ َﻫ ِﺬﻩِ ﺍﻷَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌ َﺔ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ِﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ؛ ﺑِ َﺪﻟِﻴ ِﻞ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃ ُ ْﻋ ِﻄ َﻲ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒ ٌﺪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َ‬
‫ﻓَ َﺸ َﻜ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﺍﺑ ُﺘﻠِ َﻲ ﻓَ َﺼ َﺒ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻇَﻠَ َﻢ ﻓَ ْﺎﺳ َﺘ ْﻐ َﻔ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻇُﻠِ َﻢ ﻓَ َﻐ َﻔ َﺮ> ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َﺳ َﻜ َﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎﻝ‪+ * ) ( ' } :‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ؟ ﻗَ َ‬ ‫ﻗَﺎﻟ ُﻮﺍ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﺫﺍ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﻳَﺎ َﺭ ُﺳ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪(١٠٦‬‬

‫‪ ٢٢ ‬‬
 ‫‪]{,‬ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪.(١)[٨٢ :‬‬
‫ٔ‬
‫ا د ِّ ‪:µ‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا َِ‬ ‫۞‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻲ ‪َ < :µ‬ﻣ َﻘ َﺎﻣ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ُﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﻰ> )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ُﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺒﻮﺩِﻳﱠ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﺟ َﻊ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ًﻼ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻛ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ُ :µ‬‬
‫ﺃَ َﻣ َﺮ َﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬ ْﻧ ِﺐ ﻓَ ِﺒﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑﺔِ َﻭﺍ ِﻹ َﻧ َﺎﺑﺔِ َﻭ َﻃﻠَ ِﺐ ﺍ ِﻹﻗَﺎﻟ َﺔِ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺃَ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﺫ َﻫ َﺐ َﻋ ْﻨ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﺃَ ْﻭ ﻧَ ُﻘ َﺺ ﻓَ ِﺒﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻢِ َﻭ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﺃَ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺎﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﺣ ِﺘ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺼ ْﺒﺮِ َﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﺣ ِﺘ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ )‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻇَﺎﻟِ ٍﻢ ﻓَ ِﺒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ ﻳُ ْﺆ ِﺫ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ َﻭﺃَ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻓ َ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ :µ‬ﺑُ ُﺴﻂُ ﺍﻟ َﻜ َﺮ َﺍﻣﺔِ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌﺔٌ‪:‬‬
‫]‪ [١‬ـ ُﺣ ﱞﺐ ﻳَ ْﺸ َﻐﻠُ َﻚ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﺣ ﱢﺐ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِﻩِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ُﻞ ُﺣ ﱠﺒ َﻚ ﺑِ ُﺤﺒﱢﻪ ِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻰ ﻳ َ ِ‬ ‫]‪ [٢‬ـ َﻭ ِﺭ ً‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪(٦٦١٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٢٦‬‬

‫‪ ٢٣ ‬‬
 ‫]‪ [٣‬ـ َﻭ ُﺯ ْﻫ ٌﺪ ﻳُ َﺤ ﱢﻘ ُﻘ َﻚ ﺑِ ُﺰ ْﻫ ِﺪ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‪.‬‬
‫]‪ [٤‬ـ َﻭ َﺗ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ٌﻞ ﻳَ ْﻜ ِﺸ ُﻒ ﻟ َ َﻚ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ ﻗُ ْﺪ َﺭﺗِﻪ ِ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ ·‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻘ َ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪< :µ‬ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺭ ُﺍﺩ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎ ِﻓﻲ> )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱡﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ ﺑِ َﻘ َﻀﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﻛ ُﱡﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺬ ُﺭ‪.‬‬‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪< :µ‬ﻟِ َﻴ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻫ ﱡﻤ َﻚ ﺛَ َﻼ ًﺛﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﺑَ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ َﻮﻯ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﭑﺳ ِﺘ ْﻐ َﻔ ُﺎﺭ ُﻋ ُﺒﻮﺩِﻳﱠ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ .‬ﻭ َﺣ ﱢﺼ ْﻦ َﻫ ِﺬﻩِ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ﱠﺘ َﺔ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ ﱢﻮ َﻫﺎ ﺑ َِﺜ َﻼ ٍﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ْﻛ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﻛ ُﱡﻞ>)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱡﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑِﺄَ ْﺭﺑَ ٍﻊ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺶ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ ﻳَ ْﺤ ِﻜﻴﻪ ِ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﻴ ِﺨﻪ ِ ْﺍﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ِﺸﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ :µ‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ ﺑِ َﻘ َﻀ ِﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌﺔٌ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪ ،‬ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺃَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌﺔٍ َﻭ ِﻫ َﻲ ﺍﻟ ِﻘ َﻴ ُﺎﻡ ﺑِ َﻔ َﺮﺍﺋِ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻤ ُﺖ َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻻ ﻳَ ْﻌ ِﻨﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮ َﺭ ُﻉ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ ﻟِ َﻤ َﺤﺎ ِﺭﻡِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﺟ ِﺘﻨَ ُ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ﻳُ ْﻠ ِﻬﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ ﺑِ َﻤ َﻮﺍﻗِ ِﻊ ﺍﻟ َﻘ َﻀ ِﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ِ :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺟ ﱢﻞ َﻣ َﻮﺍ ِﻫ ِﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٤١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٣٢‬‬

‫‪ ٢٤ ‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒ َﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ َﺪﺍﺋِ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﺮ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﻧُ ُﺰﻭﻝ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُﺟﻮ ُﻉ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﻮﺍﺋِ ِﺐ‪.‬‬
‫َﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﻮﺭ ﺍﻷَ ْﺭﺑَ َﻌ ُﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺰﺍﺋِ ِﻦ ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻫ ِﺬﻩِ ﺍﻷُ ُﻣ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔِ َﻭﺍﻟﭑ ْﻗ ِﺘ َﺪ ِﺍء ﺑِﺎﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔِ ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ َﺻ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪ ِﺓ َﻭ ُﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌﺔِ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺑِ َﺴﺎ ِﻁ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺠ َ‬
‫ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻭﻟِ َﺮ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﻭﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻨﻴﻦ؛ }‪Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å‬‬
‫‪]{Ð Ï Î Í Ì‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٥٦ :‬‬
‫َﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺰﺍﺋِ ِﻦ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻨَ ِﻦ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺑِ َﺴﺎ ِﻁ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒﺔِ ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ‬
‫َﺗ ﱠﻤ ْﺖ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‪]{+ * ) (} :‬ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪،[١٩٦ :‬‬
‫ﻓَ َﻔ ْﺮ ٌﻕ ﺑَ ْﻴ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ِﻮ َﻻﻳَ َﺘﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻌ ْﺒ ٌﺪ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻮﻟ ﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻋ ْﺒ ٌﺪ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﻻ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪ ِﺓ‪،‬‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺠ َ‬‫ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ َﺘﺎ ِﻥ ُﺻ ْﻐ َﺮﻯ َﻭ ُﻛ ْﺒ َﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﻮ َﻻﻳَ ُﺘ َﻚ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ِﻣ َﻦ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻨ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ُﺘ َﻚ ﻟِ َﺮ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌﺔِ ُﺳﻨﱠ ِﺘﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻭ َﻻﻳَ ُﺘ َﻚ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ }‪Ç Æ Å‬‬ ‫َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﭑ ْﻗﺘ َﺪ ِﺍء ﺑِﺎﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻓَﭑ ْﻓ َﻬ ْﻢ َﺫﻟِ َ‬
‫‪]{Ð Ï Î ÍÌ Ë Ê É È‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٥٦ :‬‬

‫‪ ٢٥ ‬‬
 ‫اﱠ َ‬
‫}! " ‪' & % $ #‬‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪:‬‬
‫({]ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪.[٨ :‬‬
‫}‪Ó Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î Í‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪]{Õ Ô‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.[٣١ :‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪]{ ®¬ « ª } :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢٢٢ :‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﻟَﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﺃ َ ْﻓ َﺮ ُﺡ ِﺑ َﺘ ْﻮ َﺑﺔِ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪﻩِ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺃ َ َﺣ ِﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﺠ ُﺪ َﺿﺎﻟﱠ َﺘ ُﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟ َﻔ َﻼ ِﺓ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦‪ِ < :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ُﻳ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ُﻣ َﻔ ﱠﺘ ٍﻦ َﺗ ﱠﻮﺍ ٍﺏ>)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺃﻓﺮﺡ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔِ‬

‫ﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ُ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٢٦٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎ ﱡ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻓﻲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻔ ﱠﺘﻦ« ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎء ﻣﺸ ﱠﺪ َﺩ ًﺓ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (٦٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﻱ » ُ‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﺛُ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺏ« ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ َﻜﺜِ ُﻴﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑﺔِ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻳَ ُﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻤ َﺘ َﺤ ِﻦ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺬ ْﻧ ِﺐ‪» ،‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ﱠﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺒ ِﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺠﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺲ ﻟِ ُﻘﻠُ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﻟ ﱢﻲ‪ِ َ » :‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻭﺣ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺏ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬَ ﺍ َﺗ ْﺄﻧ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ َ َ‬
‫ﻮﺏ َﻭ َﻫ َﻜﺬَ ﺍ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻮﺩ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ُﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺏ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ُﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺩ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ُﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﻳَ ُﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬ ْﻧ ِﺐ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑﺔِ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ«‪) .‬ﻓﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٢٨٩‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﻌ َﺎﻭ َﺩ ِﺓ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ٢٦ ‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﻮﺍ ِﺇﻟَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈﻧﱢﻲ ﺃ َ ُﺗ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃ َ ﱡﻳ َﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ْﻮﻡِ ِﺇﻟَ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﺌ َﺔ َﻣ ﱠﺮ ٍﺓ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُﺟﻮ ُﻉ َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺮ ِﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﺑَ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺗﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْﺮ ِﺿﻴﻪ ِ ﻗَ ْﺼ ًﺪﺍ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ُﻩ َﻭ ِﺇ َﺭ َﺍﺩ ًﺓ ﻟِ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻬﻪ ِ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬ ْﻧ ِﺐ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟِ َﻤﺎ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻋ َﺪ ﭐﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺝ َﻋ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ِ :‬ﻫ َﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﺨ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ْﺯ ِﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠﻖِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ﻟِﻄَﻠَ ِﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻻ ﻟِ َﺨ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﻴ ِﺐ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺰﻳﻪ ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ َﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ِ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺗ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪ِ < :µ‬ﺇ ْﻥ َﺧ َﺎﻣ َﺮ ِﺳ ﱢﺮ َﻙ َﺷ ْﻲءٌ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺫ ْﻧ ٍﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺃَ ْﻭ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻭ ﻧَ َﻈ ٍﺮ ِﺇﻟَﻰ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ َﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺣﺎ ٍﻝ َﺣ ِﻤﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﺒﺎﺩِ ْﺭ ِﺇﻟَﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘ ْﻐ َﻔﺎ ِﺭ ِﻣ َﻦ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﺑَﺔِ َﻭ ْ‬
‫ﺍﺟ ٌﺐ َﺷ ْﺮ ًﻋﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﻴ ِﺐ ﻓَ َﻮ ِ‬‫ﺍﻟﺬ ْﻧ ِﺐ ﺃَ ِﻭ َ‬‫ـ ﺃَ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺑﻲ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻮ َﺑ ُﺘ ُﻪ ¦ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﻡ ﻓِﻲ َﺗ ْﻮ ِﺟﻴﻪ ِ ﭐ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻔﺎ ِﺭﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٧٠٢‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺃَ ﱠﻧﻪ ¦ َﻛﺎ َﻥ ﻳَ َﺘ َﺮﻗﱠﻰ ﻓﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻳَ ْﻮ ٍﻡ ﺇِﻟَﻰ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ٍﻡ ﺃَ ْﻋﻠَﻰ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﻗَ ْﺒﻠَ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻴ ْﺠ َﻌ ُﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ َﻥ ﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡِ‬
‫ﻋﻨ ُﻪ َﻛﺎﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱢ ْﺴ َﺒﺔِ ﺇِﻟَﻰ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺮﻗﱠﻰ ﺇِﻟَ ْﻴﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻴ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪) .‬ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭐﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﭐ ْﻧ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ ْ‬
‫ﺝ‪/٧‬ﺹ‪(١٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪) ،‬ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٣٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪(٣٨‬‬
‫)‪) (٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪(١٠٨‬‬

‫‪ ٢٧ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﻤﻴ ِﺪ ﻓَﺄَ ْﻟ ِﻐﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎ ِﻝ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟِ ِﺢ ﺃَ ِﻭ َ‬ ‫ـ َﻭﺃَ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﻈﺮِ ﻟِﻠ َْﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ ﺑ َِﻤ ْﻐ ِﻔ َﺮ ِﺓ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﻡ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻭ ْﭐﻋ َﺘﺒ ِْﺮ ﺑ ِْﭑﺳ ِﺘ ْﻐ َﻔﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱢِﻲ ¦ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﺒ َِﺸ َﺎﺭﺓ َﻭ َ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺫ ْﻧ ِﺒﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻣﺎ َﺗﺄَ ﱠﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﺬﺍ ِﻓﻲ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﺼﻮﻡٍ ﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘﺮ ِْﻑ َﺫ ْﻧ ًﺒﺎ ﻗَ ﱡﻂ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺱ‬
‫َﻋ ْﻦ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ¦‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻤﺎ ﻇَﻨﱡ َﻚ ﺑ َِﻤ ْﻦ َﻻ ﻳَ ْﺨﻠُﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺫ ْﻧ ٍﺐ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍﺐ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺎﺕ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻷَ ْﻭﻗَ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪» :µ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ ِﺇﻧﱠﺎ ﻧَ ْﺴﺄَﻟ ُ َﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﺑَ َﺔ َﻭ َﺩ َﻭ َﺍﻣ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻧَ ُﻌﻮ ُﺫ ﺑِ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ُﻫ ُﺠﻮﻡِ َﺧﻄَ َﺮﺍﺗِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺔِ َﻭﺃَ ْﺳﺒﺎﺑِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺫ ﱢﻛ ْﺮﻧَﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﻭﭐ ْﺣ ِﻤ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ ِﺓ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻭ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ﱡﻜ ِﺮ ِﻓﻲ َﻃ َﺮﺍﺋِ ِﻘ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﭐ ْﻣ ُﺢ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﻗُﻠُﻮﺑِﻨَﺎ َﺣ َﻼ َﻭ َﺓ َﻣﺎ ﭐ ْﺟ َﺘﻨَ ْﻴﻨَ ُﺎﻩ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﭐ ْﺳ َﺘ ْﺒ ِﺪ ْﻟ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻜ َﺮ َﺍﻫﺔِ ﻟ َ َﻬﺎ َﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠ ْﻌﻢِ‬
‫ﻟِ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ ِﻀ ﱢﺪ َﻫﺎ>)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻲ )ﺹ‪(٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺤﺰﺏ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ٢٨ ‬‬
 ‫ا ﱡْ‬

‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪]{ £ ¢¡  } :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء‪.[٧٧ :‬‬

‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِﺓ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻛ َﻤﺎ‬
‫َﻳ ْﺠ َﻌ ُﻞ ﺃ َ َﺣ ُﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ ِﺇ ْﺻﺒ َِﻌ ُﻪ ِﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ ﱢﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓَﻠ َْﻴ ْﻨﻈ ُْﺮ ﺑ َِﻢ َﻳ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ> )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦‪< :‬ﭐ ْﺯ َﻫ ْﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ُﻳ ِﺤ ﱠﺒ َﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﭐ ْﺯ َﻫ ْﺪ ﻓِ َ‬
‫ﺎﺱ> )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ ُﻳ ِﺤ ﱠﺒ َﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْﺃﻳ ِﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎ ِﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦‪< :‬ﻟَﻴﺲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ ِﺑ َﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳﻢِ ﺍﻟﺤ َﻼ ِﻝ َﻭ َﻻ ِﺑ ِﺈ َﺿ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺇ ﱠﻧ َﻤﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ ﺃ َ ْﻥ َﺗ ُﻜﻮ َﻥ ِﺑ َﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺃ َ ْﻭ َﺛ َﻖ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ ِﺑ َﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ َﻙ> )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺇ ْﻫ َﻤﺎﻝُ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺑُ ْﻐ ُﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ ِﻫﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ ﺛِ َﻘ ًﺔ ﺑِﻪ ِ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺽ َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ ِﺳ َﻮﻯ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ُﺪ‪ْ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٨٥٨‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪(٤١٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪(٢٣٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ )ﺹ‪(١٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢٩ ‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ُﻡ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺒ َﺎﻻ ِﺓ ﺑِ ِﺈ ْﻗ َﺒﺎ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻖ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﺩﺑَﺎ ِﺭ ِﻫ ْﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪َ < :µ‬ﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺪ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮﺍ ُﻍ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ﱢﺏ> )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ِﺳ َﻮﻯ ﱠ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ < :µ‬ﻷَ ْﻥ ﻳُ ْﻐ ِﻨ َﻴ َﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ َﺧ ْﻴ ٌﺮ ﻟ َ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ْﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳُ ْﻐ ِﻨ َﻴ َﻚ ﺑ َِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻮﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻣﺎ ْﭐﺳ َﺘ ْﻐﻨَﻰ ﺑ َِﻬﺎ ﺃَ َﺣ ٌﺪ ﻗَ ﱡﻂ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ﻳُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐﻨَﻰ ﺑ َِﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪]{ £ ¢¡  } :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء‪[٧٧ :‬؟!«)‪.(٣‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَ ْﺰ َﻫ ْﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‬
‫َﻛ َﻔ ُﺎﻩ َﻭ َﻛ َﻼ ُﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺟ َﻌﻠَ ُﻪ ِﻓﻲ ِﺣ ْﺮ ِﺯﻩِ َﻭ َﻣ ْﺄ َﻣ ِﻨﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ َﻭ َﻛﺎﻟ َ ِﺘﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻣ َﻌﺎﻗِﻠِﻪ ِ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺟ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪» :µ‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﭐﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ َﻻ ِﺣ َﺴ َ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒ َِﻬﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ِﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ َﻻ ِﺇ َﺭ َﺍﺩ َﺓ ِﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﻟِ َﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِﺣ َﺠ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﻭ ُﺟﻮﺩِ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ـ ﻟ َ َﻬﺎ ـ َﻣ َﻊ ُﻭ ُﺟﻮﺩِ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ﺃَ َﺳ َﻒ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ‬
‫ﻓَ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ«)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )‪(٧٤‬‬

‫‪ ٣٠ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨَﺎﻡِ ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ ﻟِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃَ َﺗ ْﺪﺭِﻱ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ » :µ‬ﺭﺃَ ْﻳ ُﺖ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﱢﺪ َﻳﻖ ‪ µ‬ﻓﻲ َ‬
‫َﻣﺎ َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ُﺧ ُﺮﻭ ِﺝ ُﺣ ﱢﺐ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ؟ ﻓَ ُﻘﻠ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪ .‬ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺮ ُﻛ َﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺔِ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﻓَ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ْ‬
‫ﻭﺟ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻭ ْﺟ َﺪﺍ ُﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٧٥‬‬

‫‪ ٣١ ‬‬
 ‫ا ؑ ُْ‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪]{ëêéèçæå} :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪.[١٠ :‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪] {0/.-,+*} :‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪.[٤٦ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﺮ ِﺿ َﻴﺎءٌ> )‪.(١‬‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪ < :‬ﱠ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ َﺘ َﺼ ﱠﺒ ْﺮ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﺒ ْﺮ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟَ ْﻦ ُﺗ ْﻌ َﻄ ْﻮﺍ َﻋ َﻄﺎ ًء ﺃ َ ْﻭ َﺳ َﻊ‬
‫ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒﺮِ> )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﺮ‪َ :‬ﺣ ْﺒ ُﺲ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﺣ ْﻜﻢِ‬ ‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ ﻓَ َﻼ َﺗ ْﻀﻄَﺮ ُِﺏ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ ﱢﺏ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻯ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﺇﻟَﻰ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﺮ ْﻫ َﺒﺎﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪ :µ‬ﻟ َ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻫ َﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮ ُِﻳﻖ ﺑ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﺼ ْﺒﺮِ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻷَ َﻭﺍ ِﻣﺮِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ِﻌﻴﺮِ َﻭﺍﻟﻨﱡ َﺨﺎﻟَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻧﱠ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻻ ﺑِﺄَ ْﻛ ِﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻝ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪M L K J} :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ِﻬ َﺪﺍﻳَﺔِ؛ ﻗَ َ‬
‫َﻭ َ‬
‫‪]{U T S R Q P O N‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ‪.[٢٤ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﱠﺮ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺔِ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﱠﺮ َﺓ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗُﻮ َﻉ ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ِ :µ‬ﺇﻳﱠﺎ َﻙ َﻭ ُ‬
‫ﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﺎﻟِ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﺎﻟِ ُﻢ َﻻ ﻳَ ُﻜﻮ ُﻥ ِﺇ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻯ ُﺣ ُﺪ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٢٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪(٦٤٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ )ﺹ‪(٥‬‬

‫‪ ٣٢ ‬‬
‫ﺎﺻﻲ َﻭ َﺻﺒﺮ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ ﭐ ْﺑ َﺘ َﻼ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻭﺃَ ْﻳ َﻘ َﻦ ﺑ َِﻮ ْﻋ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻭ ِﻋﻴ ِﺪﻩِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﻌ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺮ َﻙ َ‬
‫ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺍ ِﻹ َﻣ ُﺎﻡ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻗَﻠﱠ ْﺖ ﺃَ ْﺗ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٣٣ ‬‬
 ‫ُ‬ ‫ا‬
‫}= > ? @ ‪A‬‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪]{B‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪.[٧ :‬‬
‫ﻮﻡ ﻟِ ُﻴ َﺼﻠ َﱢﻲ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺗﺮ َِﻡ ﻗَ َﺪ َﻣ ُﺎﻩ ﻓَ ُﻴ َﻘﺎﻝُ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﻓَ َﻴ ُﻘﻮﻝُ ‪:‬‬
‫َﻛﺎ َﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱡِﻲ ¦ ﻳَ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫<ﺃَﻓَﻼ َ ﺃ َ ُﻛﻮ ُﻥ َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪﺍ َﺷ ُﻜﻮ ًﺭﺍ> )‪.(١‬‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻤ ْﻨ ِﻌﻢِ َﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ُﺡ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ﺑ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ ﻓَ َﺘ ُﻜ ﱠﻒ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﺟﻪ ِ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِﻩِ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱢ َﻌﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻯ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﺇﻟَﻰ َ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘ َﻬﺎﻧَﺔِ ﺑِﺄَ ْﻣﺮِﻩِ)‪.(٢‬‬‫َﻭ ْ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻤ ْﻨ ِﻌﻢِ ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ ﻧِ ْﻌ َﻤ ِﺘﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ُﺡ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ﺑ ُ‬‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ ﻓَ َﻴ ْﻨﻄَﻠِﻖ ﺍﻟﻠ َﱢﺴﺎ ُﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜﻨَ ِﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺗ ْﺴ ُﺨﻮ‬ ‫ﻳَ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻯ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ِﺇﻟَﻰ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺨﺎﻟ َ َﻔﺔِ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َﻭ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﻙ ُ‬
‫ﺎء ﺑ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻀ ُ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻤ ْﻨ ِﻌﻢِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ ِﺮ ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ٌﺔ‪ :‬ﺃَ ﱠﻭﻟُ َﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ُﺡ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ﺑ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﺭ َﻛﺎ ُﻥ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ ِﺇ ْﻧ َﻌﺎ ِﻣﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍ ْﻧ ِﻄ َﻼ ُﻕ ﺍﻟﻠ َﱢﺴﺎ ِﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻨ ِﺎء َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ِ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٦٤٧١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٨١٩‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺷﻲ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪(١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪(١٢٨‬‬

‫‪ ٣٤ ‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺠ َﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﺡ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺃَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ ُﺩﻭ َﻥ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء‬
‫ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟِ ُﺚ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻮﻗِ ُﻴﻒ َ‬
‫ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ ُﺮ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﺮِﻓَﺔٌ ﻗَﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔٌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪ < :µ‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ :µ‬ﻓَ ﱢﺮ ْﻍ ﻟِ َﺴﺎﻧَ َﻚ ﻟِﻠ ﱢﺬ ْﻛﺮِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻗَ ْﻠ َﺒ َﻚ ﻟِ ﱡ‬
‫ﻠﺸ ْﻜﺮِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺑَ َﺪﻧَ َﻚ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟِ ِﺤ َ‬
‫ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﻧ َﺖ ِﺇ ًﺫﺍ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﺟﻲ َﺭﺑﱠ ُﻪ‪< :‬ﺃَ ْﺣ َﻤ ُﺪ َﻙ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﺃُ ِﻃﻴ ُﻘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ُﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ µ‬ﻳُﻨَ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ًﺰﺍ َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺃَ ْﻧ َﺖ ﺃَ ْﻫﻠُ ُﻪ َﻭ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﺤﻘ ُﱡﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ ْﺷ ُﻜ ُﺮ َﻙ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻧِ َﻌ ِﻤ َﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ َﻻ‬ ‫َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ٌﺰ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺷ ْﻜﺮ ًﺍ ﻳَ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﻀﻲ ﺯِﻳَ َﺎﺩ َﺗ َﻬﺎ َﻭﻳَ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺪ ِﻋ َﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺃَﻧﱢﻲ َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺃُ ْﺣ ِ‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ َﺮ ﻓَﺒ َ‬‫ﺍﺟ ِﺐ ِﺫ ْﻛ ِﺮ َﻙ؛ ِﻷَﻧﱢﻲ ِﺇ ِﻥ ْﺍﻋ َﺘ َﻘ ْﺪ ُﺕ ﱡ‬ ‫ُﺷ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻙ َﻭﺍﻟ ِﻘ َﻴﺎﻡِ ﺑ َِﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﺃَ ْﻋﻄَ ْﻴ َﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ َﺗ َﻜﻠﱠ ْﻤ ُﺖ ﻓَ ِﺒﺎﻟﻨﱡ ْﻄ ِﻖ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ َﺁﺗ ْﻴ َﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺒ ْﺪ ُﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻜ ُﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﺃُ ِﺿﻴ ُﻔ ُﻪ ﻟِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴﻲ؟! ﻓَ ِﺈ ﱠﻥ‬‫ﻓَﺒِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺪ َﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ ﺃَ ْﻭﻟ َ ْﻴ َﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺄَ ْﻳ َﻦ ﱡ‬
‫َﺟ ِﻤ َﻴﻊ َﺫﻟِ َﻚ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻟ َ َﻚ َﻭ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ>‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ‪) ،‬ﺹ ‪(١٧٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٧٤‬‬

‫‪ ٣٥ ‬‬
 ‫ْف‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪]{= <; :9 } :‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[١٧٥ :‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪< :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ َﺗ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻤﻮ َﻥ َﻣﺎ ﺃ َ ْﻋﻠَ ُﻢ ﻟَ َﺒ َﻜ ْﻴ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﻛ ِﺜﻴ ًﺮﺍ‬
‫َﻭﻟَ َﻀ ِﺤ ْﻜ ُﺘ ْﻢ ﻗَﻠِ ًﻴﻼ> )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑ َِﻤﺎ ﻳُ َﻼ َﺣﻆُ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﺬ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ُﻑ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻮﻗ ُﱡﻊ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻷَ ْﺳ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮ ِﻋﻴ ِﺪ َﻭ َﻃﻠَ ِﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ ِﺓ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ُﻑ‪ :‬ﻳَ َﺘ َﻮﻟ ﱠ ُﺪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺫ ْﻛ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﺃَ ْﻭ ُﻭﻗُﻮ ِﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ :‬ﺍ ْﻧ ِﺨ َﻼ ُﻉ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻮﻗﱡ ِﻊ ﻓَ َﻮ ِ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺱ َﻭﻗُﻨُﻮ ٌﻁ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈ ْﻥ ﻗَ َﺎﺭﻧَ ُﻪ َﺭ َﺟﺎءٌ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ َﺧ ْﻮ ٌﻑ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻳَ ْﺄ ٌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺛِﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ِﻘ َﻴ ُﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺮ ُﻙ َ‬ ‫ﻑ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺲ َﻋ َﻼﻣ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪< :‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ُﻜﻮ ُﻥ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒ َﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪﺍﺋ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠ َﻮﺍ ِﺯﻡِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪» :µ‬ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺻﺎﻧِﻲ ﺃُ ْﺳ َﺘﺎ ِﺫﻱ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺧ ْﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﭐﺣ َﺬ ْﺭ ﻗَﻠ َْﺒ َﻚ ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳَ ْﺄ َﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺧ ْﻮ ًﻓﺎ َﺗ ْﺄ َﻣ ُﻦ ﺑِﻪ ِ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ َﺷ ْﻲء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٦٦٣١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٩٠١‬‬

‫)‪َ (٢‬ﺯ ﱡﺭﻭﻕ‪) :‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻵﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻕ‪/١٦٦‬ﺃ(‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻵﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻕ‪/١٦٥‬ﺏ(‬

‫‪ ٣٦ ‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ﻟِ ْﻸ َْﻣ ِﻦ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫َﺷﻲ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻼ َﻣ ْﻌ ًﻨﻰ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء«)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٨٤‬‬

‫‪ ٣٧ ‬‬
 ‫ا ﱠ ُء‬
‫}‪ÊÉÈÇÆÅÄÃÂÁ‬‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪]{Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î ÍÌ Ë‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪.[٢١ :‬‬
‫} ¡ ‪¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫§¨© ‪]{¬ « ª‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢١٨ :‬‬
‫ﻮﺗ ﱠﻦ ﺃ َ َﺣ ُﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻭ ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻳ ْﺤ ِﺴ ُﻦ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﻤ َ‬
‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈ ﱠﻦ>)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ ْﺣﻤﺔِ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ¦‪< :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ َﻳ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻢ ﺍﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ ُﺮ ِﺑ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﱠﺔِ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻟَ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻴﺄَ ْﺱ ِﻣ َﻦ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺟﺎء‪ُ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻤ ُﻊ ِﻓﻴﻤﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﷲ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮ ُﺻﻮ ِﻝ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺑ َِﺸﺮ ِﻁ َ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ﻓﻲ َﺳ َﺒ ِﺐ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺗ َﻌﻠﱡ ُﻖ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ ﺑ َِﻤﻄ ُْﻤﻮ ٍﻉ ﻳَ ْﺤ ُﺼ ُﻞ ِﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ َﺒ ِﻞ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱢﺼ ِﻞ ﻟ َ ُﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ ﺍﻷَ ْﺧ ِﺬ ِﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٨٧٧‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٦٤٦٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٧٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪(٢٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ )ﺹ‪(١٤٧‬‬

‫‪ ٣٨ ‬‬
‫ِﺎﻟﻮ ْﻋ ِﺪ َﻣ َﻊ َﻃﻠَ ِﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺟ ُﺎء ﻳَ َﺘ َﻮﻟﱠ ُﺪ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺼ ِﺪﻳ ِﻖ ﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺽ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ِﻌ َﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪َ :µ‬ﻟﻴ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻠ ُﺒ َﻚ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﻠﱢ ًﻘﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ ًﺪﺍ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻻ ﻳَ ْﻨ َﻔ ُﻌ َﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻳَ ُﻀ ﱡﺮ َﻙ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠَ ْﻢ ﺃَ ﱠﻥ َ‬ ‫ﺱ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟ ِﺘ َﻬﺎﺩِ َﻙ ﻓﻠ ْﺴ َﺖ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻠ ُﺒ َﻚ َﻣﺘ َﻌﻠﱢ ًﻘﺎ ﺑ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ َﻚ ﻭﻗُ ْﺪ َﺭﺗِ َﻚ َﻭﻗُ ﱠﻮﺗِ َﻚ َﻭ ِﺟ ﱢﺪ َﻙ ْ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺮ َﺟ ِﺎء ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ِﻓﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺮﺍ ٍﺝ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺗ ْﻴﺄَ َﺱ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺘ َﻌﻠﱢ ًﻘﺎ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻧَ َﻔ ٍ‬
‫ﺼ ُﻴﺘ َﻚ ﻧَ َﺎﺩ ْﺗ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ µ‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺩﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻟ َ ِﻬﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﻔﻲ ﺃَﻳ ﱢ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﺃَ َﺧﺎﻓُ َﻚ؟ َﻭ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻋ ُﺘ َﻚ ﻧَ َﺎﺩ ْﺗ ِﻨﻲ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻃ َ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠ َ‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺔِ ﻗَﺎﺑَﻠ َْﺘ ِﻨﻲ ﺑِ َﻔ ْﻀﻠِ َﻚ ﻓَﻠَ ْﻢ َﺗ َﺪ ْﻉ ﻟِﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺃَﻳ ﱢ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﺃَ ْﺭ ُﺟﻮ َﻙ؟ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻗُ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺔِ ﻗَﺎﺑَﻠ َْﺘ ِﻨﻲ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﺪﻟِ َﻚ ﻓَﻠَ ْﻢ َﺗ َﺪ ْﻉ ﻟِﻲ َﺭ َﺟﺎ ًء‪،‬‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻮ ًﻓﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻗُ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠ َ‬
‫ﻓَﻠَ ْﻴ َﺖ ِﺷ ْﻌﺮِﻱ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ﺃَ َﺭﻯ ِﺇ ْﺣ َﺴﺎﻧِﻲ َﻣ َﻊ ِﺇ ْﺣ َﺴﺎﻧِ َﻚ؟ ﺃَ ْﻡ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ْ‬
‫ﺃﺟ َﻬ ُﻞ‬
‫ﻓَ ْﻀﻠَ َﻚ َﻣ َﻊ ِﻋ ْﺼ َﻴﺎﻧِ َﻚ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮ ﱠﺗ ُﺐ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ْﺇﺑ َﺮﺍ ِﻫ ُ‬
‫ﺼ َﻴﺔ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺣ ﱡﻲ‪ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻮ ُﻑ ﻧَ َﻈ ًﺮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓَ ْﻀ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺗﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ‪» :‬ﻻ َﻛ ِﺒ َﻴﺮ َﺓ ِﺇ َﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺑَﻠَ َﻚ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻵﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ )ﻕ‪/١٦٦‬ﺃ(‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ‬

‫‪ ٣٩ ‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺎء؛ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠَ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮ ﱠﺗ ُﺐ َ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻔ ْﻀﻠِﻪ ِ«‪َ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻋ ُﺔ ﻻ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﺭ ُﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺣﻴﻨَ ِﺌ ٍﺬ ﻻ ﻳَ َﺨ ُﺎﻑ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤ َﺨﺎﻟ َ َﻔﺔِ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ ﻳُ ْﻈ ِﻬ ُﺮ َﻫﺎ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺪﻝُ ﺑِ ُ‬
‫ﺲ‬‫ﻼﺣ ﱠﻴ ِﺘ َﻬﺎ َﻟﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻧَ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔِ ﻟِ َﻌ َﺪﻡِ َﺻ ِ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻴﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳَ ْﺮ ُﺟﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌ ِ‬‫َ‬
‫ﻑ َﻛ ْﻮ ُﻥ َﺧ ْﻮ ِﻓﻪ ِ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻧَ َﻈ ًﺮﺍ َﻟﻬ ْﻴﺒ ِﺘﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻼﺋِ ُﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮِ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻭﺭ َﺟﺎﺋِﻪ ِﻓﻴﻪ ﻧَ َﻈ ًﺮﺍ ﻟ َﻜ َﺮ ِﻣﻪ ِ ﻭﻓَ ْﻀﻠِﻪ ِ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻼﻟِﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ٤٠ ‬‬
 ‫ﱠ ﱡ‬
‫ا‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪]{| { z y xw} :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.[٣ :‬‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪]{Õ Ô Ó Ò ÑÐ Ï } :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٢٣ :‬‬
‫} ‪]{K J I H G F E D C B A‬ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[١٥٩ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﱠ َﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺃ ُ ﱠﻣ ِﺘﻲ َﺳ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ َﻥ ﺃ َ ْﻟ ًﻔﺎ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪َ < :‬ﻳ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ َ‬
‫ﺎﺏ‪ُ ،‬ﻫ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺮﻗُﻮ َﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﻳ َﺘ َﻄ ﱠﻴ ُﺮﻭ َﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺭ ﱢﺑﻬ ِْﻢ‬ ‫ِﺑ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِﺣ َﺴ ٍ‬
‫َﻳ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﻛﻠُﻮ َﻥ> )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﺏ‬‫ﺍﻻﺿ ِﻄ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ُﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺍﻋ ِﺘ َﻤ ُﺎﺩ ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ َﻣ َﻊ َﻋ َﺪﻡِ ْ‬
‫ﺱ ﺃَ ْﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﻋﺔِ ِﻓﻲ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟ َﻢِ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ِﺘﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﺄ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱡ ُﻔﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻮ ُﺿ َ‬
‫ﺎﺏ َ‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﻓَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ﺍﻷَ ْﺳ َﺒ ِ‬
‫َﺗ ْﺮ َﻛ َﻦ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺃَ ْﺣ َﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ َﻄ ٍﺎء )ﺕ‪٣٠٩‬ﻫـ( ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِﺌﻞ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺏ َﻣ َﻊ ِﺷ ﱠﺪ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺎﺝ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺍﻷَ ْﺳ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺘﻮ ﱡﻛﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ْ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳَ ْﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ِﻓ َ‬
‫ﻴﻚ ﺍ ْﻧ ِﺰ َﻋ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪(٦٤٧٢‬‬

‫‪ ٤١ ‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻝ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ُﻜﻮ ِﻥ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﻓَﺎﻗَ ِﺘ َﻚ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺗ ُﺰ َ‬
‫ُﻭﻗُ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻓ َﻚ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺘ َﻤﻜ ُﱢﻦ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﻛ ُﱡﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠ ُْﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ َﺯ ﱡﺭ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﺪ ِﺭ ﺑِﺄَ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷُ ُﻣ َﻮ َﺭ ُﻛﻠﱠ َﻬﺎ ـ َﺩﻗِﻴ َﻘ َﻬﺎ َﻭ َﺟﻠِﻴﻠَ َﻬﺎ ـ ﺑ َِﻴ ِﺪﻩِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﻌ ِﻄﻲ َﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱢﻘ َﺐ ﻟِ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻤﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻻ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ ْﻤﻨَ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ ﻳُﺮِﻳ ُﺪ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَ َﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﺎء َﻣﺎ ﻳَ َﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻳَ َﺸ ُ‬
‫َﺭﺍ ﱠﺩ ِﻷَ ْﻣﺮِﻩِ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪َ :µ‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ِﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﺮ ُﻑ ﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬
‫َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ِﺳ َﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ :‬ﻧِ ْﺴ َﻴﺎ ُﻥ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ ُﺩﻭ َﻥ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء َﺗ ْﻠ َﻘ ُﺎﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺳ ﱡﺮ ِﺳ ﱢﺮﻩِ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻠ ٌﻚ‬ ‫ﻮﺩ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﺳ ﱡﺮ ُﻩ‪ُ :‬ﻭ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻚ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱡﺒ ُﻪ َﻭﻳَ ْﺮ َﺿﺎﻩٌ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫َﻭ َﺗ ْﻤﻠِ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤١٠‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﻳﻘﺪﺡ ّ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ّ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮ ّﻛﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺑﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﺲ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮ ّﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﻴﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻡ ٌ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺪﻭﺡ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ّ‬
‫)ﺗﺤﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺦ‪/‬ﺹ‪(١٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٣‬‬

‫‪ ٤٢ ‬‬
 ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻌﻠﱠ َﻖ ﺑ َِﺸ ْﻲ ٍء ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﻛ َﻞ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﺃَ ِﻭ ْﭐﺳ َﺘﻨَ َﺪ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﺃَ ِﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﻞ‬
‫ﺲ َﻭﺍﻟ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ َﻭ َ‬ ‫ْﭐﻋ َﺘ َﻤ َﺪ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ ِ ﻓَ َﻘ ِﺪ ﭐ ﱠﺗ َﺨ َﺬ ُﻩ َﺭ ‪‬ﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﻛ ُﱡﻞ ُﻭﻗُﻮ ُﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭ ِﺡ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱢﺴ ﱢﺮ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪ُ ،‬ﺩﻭ َﻥ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻧِ ْﺴ َﻴﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠﻖِ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ِ :µ‬ﺻ ﱠﺤ ُﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮﻛ ﱡﱡﻞ ﺑِﻬ ِْﺠ َﺮﺍ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﻣ َﻼ َﺯ َﻣﺔِ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ْﻛﺮِ )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻚ َ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻤﻠِ ِ‬
‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﻠﱡ ِﻖ ﺑ َ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺪ ﱠﻭ ﻓَ َﻌﻠَ ْﻴ َﻚ ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ِ :µ‬ﺇ ْﻥ ﺃَ َﺭ ْﺩ َﺕ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺗ ْﻐﻠِ َﺐ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩِﻳﱠﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘ َﻌﺎ َﺫﺓ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ َﺰ َﻏﺎﺗﻪ ِ؛ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﷲُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻮ ﱡﻛ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺻ ْﺪ ِﻕ ُ ُ‬
‫}‪~}|{zyxwv‬‬ ‫َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪:‬‬
‫¡{]ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.(٣)[٩٩ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺹ‪(٤٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٤‬‬

‫‪ ٤٣ ‬‬
 ‫ا ﱠ‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‪]{y(١)xwvut} :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٥٤ :‬‬
‫}> ? @ ‪]{E D C B A‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪. [٣١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦‪< :‬ﺃ َ ِﺣ ﱡﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﻟ ِ َﻤﺎ َﻳ ْﻐﺬُ ﻭ ُﻛ ْﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ ِﻧ َﻌ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫َﻭﺃ َ ِﺣ ﱡﺒﻮ ِﻧﻲ ِﺑ ُﺤ ﱢﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ>)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﺑِ َﺤ ﱠﺒﺔِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﺧﺬُ َﺟ َﻤﺎ ِﻝ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺤ ُﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻣﺎ ِﻓﻴﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻻ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﻜﻨُ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﭑ ْﻟ ِﺘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﺃَ ْﻥ‬
‫ﺖ َ‬ ‫ِﺭ َﺿ ُﺎﻩ؛ ِﺇ َﻳﺜﺎ ًﺭﺍ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻗِ َﻴﻞ‪» :‬ﺃَﺑَ ِ‬
‫َﺗ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ُﻣ ِﺤ ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﺒﻮﺑِﻪ ِ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪َ :‬ﻣ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪ِ :‬ﺭ َﺿ ُﺎﻩ‪َ .‬ﻭ ِﺭ َﺿ ُﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻗَ ُﺒﻮﻟُ ُﻪ‪َ .‬ﻭﻗَ ُﺒﻮﻟُ ُﻪ‪ :‬ﺇِ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ ُﻧ ُﻪ‪َ .‬ﻭﺇِ ْﻗ َﺒﺎﻟُ ُﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻼ ﻳُ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ َﻀ ُﺎﻑ ﺇِﻟَ ْﻴﻪ ِ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺙ َﻭ ُﻃ ُﺮ ﱢﻭ ﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﺮﺍ ِ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺇِ ْﻛ َﺮ ُﺍﻣ ُﻪ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳَ َﺘ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻋ ْﻦ ِﺳ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻖ‪) .‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُﻑ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺻ َﻔ ِ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (٣٧٨٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺎﻧﻲ )ﺕ‪٧٣٤‬ﻫـ(‪» :‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺣﺴﺎ َﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔِ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺤﺒﺘﻪ ِ‬‫ﺤﺒﺔِ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻤ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺣ َﺴﺎﻧِﻬ ِْﻢ‪ْ ،‬ﻓﻬ َﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﻘ ُﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻨﻴﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ ‪‬؛ ﻷﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﺧﺎﻟِ ُﻖ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺤ ِﺴ َ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﭐﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝُ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮِﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺒﺘﻪ ِ ﺃﻳ ً‬ ‫ﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻭﻟِ ﱟﻲ ﻭ َﻏ ْﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ َﻠ ٍ‬‫ﺃﺣﺒ ُﻪ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻧﺒ ﱟِﻲ‪َ ،‬‬‫ﻣﺤﺒ ُﺔ َﻣ ْﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺒﺔِ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺼ ﱡﺢ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐ ﱢﺗﺒﺎ ُﻉ ُﺳﻨﱠﺔِ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ¦ ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﺗ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻭﭐ‬
‫)ﺭﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﻷﻓﻬﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪/٢‬ﺹ‪(٣١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫‪ ٤٤ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪َ < :µ‬ﻻ ﻳَ ْﻌﺮ ُِﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﭐﺟ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺎﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺣ َﺎﻝ ﺑَ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻭﺑَ ْﻴ َﻦ ﻧَ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ ِ َﻭ َﻫ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ>‬
‫ﭐﺻﻄَ َﻔ ُﺎﻩ َﻭ ْ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻻ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱡﺒ ُﻪ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ َﻣ ِﻦ ْ‬
‫)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ :µ‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﻟِﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻘ ْﺪ َﺗ ﱠﻤ ْﺖ ﻭ َِﻻﻳَ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔِ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻻ ُﺳ ْﻠﻄَﺎ َﻥ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒﻪ ِ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﺒﻮﺑِﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ُ‬
‫َﻭ َﻻ َﻣ ِﺸﻴ َﺌ َﺔ ﻟ َ ُﻪ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ َﻣ ِﺸﻴ َﺌ ِﺘﻪ ِ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﻟ َ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ :µ‬ﻗَ ْﺪ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻻ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﺒ َ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻦ َﻻ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻟِ َﻬ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﻟِ َﻘ ُﺎﻩ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺫ َﺍﻕ ﺃُ ْﻧ َﺲ َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ ُﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‬‫ِﺎﻟﻮ ْﺣ َﺪﺍﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ َﻦ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ :µ‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﺒ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻢِ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠ ُْﻢ ﺑ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ َﺤﺎﺑَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﭐ ْﻋ ِﺘ َﻘ ُﺎﺩ َ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺤﺒ ُﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻟِﻪ ِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ ِﻓﻲ َﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﻷَ ْﺣ َﻮﺍ ِﻝ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒﺔِ‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺘﺎﺑَ َﻌ ُﺔ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺤ ُﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔِ‪َ .‬ﻭ َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻟِﻠ َْﺠ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﻈ ْﺮ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪]{E D C B A @ ? >} :‬ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﭐ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.(٢)[٣١ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٧٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٥‬‬

‫‪ ٤٥ ‬‬
‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪» :µ‬ﻗِ َﻴﻞ ﻟِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃَ ُﺗﺮِﻳ ُﺪ ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳُ ْﻐ ِﻨ َﻴ َﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳُ ْﻐ ِﻨ َﻲ ﺑ َِﻚ‬
‫ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ﻟِﻲ ﺑ َِﺬﻟِ َﻚ؟ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻦ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺳ َﻞ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺩ َﻋﺎ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﺳﺄَ َﻝ؟ ﻗُﻠ ُ‬
‫َﻻ َﺗ ﱠﺘ ِﺨﺬْ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋ ﱡﺪ ًﻭﺍ َﻭ َﻻ َﺣﺒِﻴ ًﺒﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻭﭐ ﱠﺗ ِﺨ ِﺬ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﺣﺒِﻴ ًﺒﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﺃَ ْﺧ َﺬﺓ ٌ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻟِ َﻘﻠ ِْﺐ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪﻩِ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ » :µ‬‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ِﺘﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﻘ ُﻞ ُﻣ َﺘ َﺤ ﱢﺼ ًﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻲء ِﺳ َﻮ ُﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﺘ َﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ُﺲ َﻣﺎﺋِﻠَ ًﺔ ﻟِﻄَ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ﱡﺮ َﻣ ْﻐ ُﻤﻮ ًﺭﺍ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺡ َﻣ ْﺄ ُﺧﻮ َﺫ ًﺓ ِﻓﻲ َﺣ ْﻀ َﺮﺗِﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑ َِﻤ ْﻌﺮِﻓَ ِﺘﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ْﺒ ُﺪ ﻳَ ْﺴ َﺘﺰِﻳ ُﺪ ﻓَ ُﻴ َﺰ ُﺍﺩ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳُ َﻔ َﺎﺗ ُﺢ ﺑ َِﻤﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺬ ُﺏ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻟ َ ِﺬﻳ ِﺬ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺪﺗِﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺸ َ‬
‫ِﻳﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺑ َِﺴﺎ ِﻁ ﺍﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﺑَﺔِ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻳَ َﻤ ﱡﺲ‬ ‫ﺎﺟﺎﺗِﻪ ِ ﻓَ ُﻴ ْﻜ َﺴﻰ ُﺣﻠَ ًﻼ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨَ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠُﻮﻡِ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺎﺕ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻖ َﻭﺛَﻴﱢﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺑ َﻜ َﺎﺭ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ µ‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺩﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ ْﺍﻣ َﻸْ ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒﻲ ﺑِ َﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ِﺘ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ‬
‫َﻻ ﻳَ ُﻜﻮ َﻥ ِﻓﻴﻪ ِ ُﻣ ﱠﺘ َﺴ ٌﻊ ﻟِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﻙ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(١٤‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪(٥٢‬‬

‫‪ ٤٦ ‬‬
 ‫ا ّ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎﻟ َﻰ‪]{ ä ã âá à } :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[١١٩ :‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﺎ ِﻥ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺭ ِﺿ َﻲ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﺭ ُﺳﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﷺ‪َ < :‬ﺫ َﺍﻕ ﻃ َْﻌ َﻢ ﺍ ِﻹ َ‬
‫َﺭ ‪‬ﺑﺎ> )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪ µ‬ﻓَﺄَ ْﻧ َﺒ َﻬ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨَ ْﻴ ُﺪ ‪ُ » :µ‬ﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ ﻧَﺎﺋِ ًﻤﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮِ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ُ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎ ُﺟﻨَ ْﻴ ُﺪ‪َ ،‬ﺭﺃَ ْﻳ ُﺖ َﻛﺄَﻧﱢﻲ ﻗَ ْﺪ َﻭﻗَ ْﻔ ُﺖ ﺑَ ْﻴ َﻦ ﻳَ َﺪ ْﻳﻪ ِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻘ َﺎﻝ ﻟِﻲ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎ‬
‫ﻱ َﺧﻠَ ْﻘ ُﺖ ﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ َﻖ ﻓَ ُﻜﻠﱡ ُﻬ ُﻢ ﭐ ﱠﺩ َﻋ ْﻮﺍ َﻣ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ِﺘﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺧﻠَ ْﻘ ُﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻓَ َﻬ َﺮ َﺏ‬ ‫َﺳﺮِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﱠ َﺔ ﻓَ َﻬ َﺮ َﺏ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺸ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺧﻠَ ْﻘ ُﺖ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ ُﺔ ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺸﺎ ِﺭ ِﻫ ْﻢ َﻭﺑَ ِﻘ َﻲ َﻣ ِﻌﻲ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺸﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﺴﻠﱠ ْﻄ ُﺖ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ َﺫ ﱠﺭ ًﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺸﺮِ َﻭﺑَ ِﻘ َﻲ َﻣ ِﻌﻲ ُﻋ ُﺸ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ ُﺔ ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺸﺎ ِﺭ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌ ُﺸﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﻗِ َ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒ َﻼ ِء ﻓَ َﻬ َﺮ َﺏ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ ُﺔ ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺸﺎ ِﺭ ُﻋ ُﺸﺮِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻦ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﱠ َﺔ ﺃَ َﺧﺬْ ُﺗ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﺭ َﻫ َﺮ ْﺑ ُﺘ ْﻢ‪،‬‬
‫َﻣ ِﻌﻲ‪َ :‬ﻻ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﺃَ َﺭ ْﺩ ُﺗ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َ‬
‫ﻓَ َﻤﺎ َﺫﺍ ُﺗﺮِﻳ ُﺪﻭ َﻥ؟ ﻗَﺎﻟ ُﻮﺍ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻧﱠ َﻚ َﺗ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻢ َﻣﺎ ﻧُﺮِﻳ ُﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﻟ َ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻧﱢﻲ ُﻣ َﺴﻠﱢ ٌﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﻭ ِ‬‫ﻮﻡ ﻟ َ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ِﺠ َﺒﺎﻝُ ﱠ‬‫ﺎﺳ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﺗ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﺒ َﻼﻳَﺎ ﺑِ َﻌ َﺪﺩِ ﺃَ ْﻧ َﻔ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﺒ َﺘﻠِﻲ ﻓَﭑ ْﻓ َﻌ ْﻞ َﻣﺎ ِﺷ ْﺌ َﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻬ ُﺆ َﻻء ِﻋ َﺒﺎﺩِﻱ‬ ‫ﻗَﺎﻟ ُﻮﺍ‪ِ :‬ﺇ َﺫﺍ ُﻛ ْﻨ َﺖ ﺃَ ْﻧ َﺖ ُ‬
‫َﺣ ‪‬ﻘﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٥٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ )ﺕ‪٤٦٣‬ﻫـ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻕ )ﺹ‪(١٠٧‬‬

‫‪ ٤٧ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﱢﻖ‬‫ﻮﺩ َ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﻰ‪ُ :‬ﻭ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ‪َ < :µ‬ﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ُﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺃَﺑُﻮ َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺲ َﻭﺍﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻖ>)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِﻋ َﻮ ً‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧ َﺮ ِﺓ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺻ ِﺤ َﺐ َﻣ َﺼﺎﺋِ َﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻐﺒﻮ ُﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧﻴﺎ َﻭ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ُ َ :µ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﻰ َﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﺧ ِﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺟﻬ َِﻞ ﺃَ ﱠﻥ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷُ ُﺟﻮ ِﺭ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻜﺮ َﺍﻫﺔِ َﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺜﺒﻮ ِﺭ َﻭﻣﺴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺽ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﻳَ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ﺽ َﻋ ْﻨ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﻰ ﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ْﻥ َﺗ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺛَ َﻮﺍﺑُ ُﻪ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﻳَ ْﺴ َﺨﻂْ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻚ؛ } ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﺴ َﺨﻂْ‬
‫‪]{À‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪.[٩ :‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻓَﭑ ْﺭﻓَ ْﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ًﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ِ :µ‬ﺇ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ َﺭ ْﺩ َﺕ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺗ ْﺴﺄَ َﻝ َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎ ﻟ َ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻓَﭑ ْﺷ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ‪ ‬ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺃَ ْﻥ َﺗ ْﺮﻓَ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈ ْﻥ ﻗَ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺽ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺗ ْﻨ ُﺴ ْﺐ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻭ ْﺍﺷ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﻫ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ ﻟ َ َﻚ ﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻓَﭑ ْﺭ َ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ ِﺇﻟ َ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺗﺬُ ﱠﻣ ﱠﻦ ﺃَ َﺣ ًﺪﺍ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َﺫ ﱠﻣ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺗ ْﻤ َﺪ َﺣ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﺃَ َﺣ ًﺪﺍ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َﻣ َﺪ َﺣ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓَﺄَ ْﻣ ِﺴ ْﻚ ﻓَ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺃَ ْﺳﻠَ ُﻢ ﻟ َ َﻚ َﻭﺃَ ْﻫ َﻴﺄُ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻦ ُﺗ ْﺮﻓَ ْﻊ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟِ ﱢﻠﺮ َﺿﺎ ﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻨ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﺍﻋ ُﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠَﻰ َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ ﻗَ ﱠﻞ ﻟ َ َﻚ َﻋ َﻤﻠُ َﻚ‪.‬‬‫ﺎﺕ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ َﺭ َﺟ ِ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩ ُﺓ َﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﻳُﺮِﺩِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤ ْﻜﻢِ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ ْﺨ ِﻂ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ‪ :‬ﺣ ﱡﺪ ﱡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ َ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪(٧٦‬‬

‫‪ ٤٨ ‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪َ :µ‬ﻻ َﺗ ْﻄﻠُ ْﺐ َﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻟ َ َﻚ ﺑ َِﻤﺎ ﻟ َ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ َ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﻻ َﺗ َﺘ َﻤ ﱠﻦ َﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻮﻝ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ َﻭﺍﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ َ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﻭ ﱢ‬‫ﻓَ ﱠﻀ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﺑِﻪ ِ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ْﻟ َﺘ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻋ ُﺒﻮﺩِﻳﱠ ُﺘ َﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺴﻠِ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﺗ ْﻠ َﻘﻰ‪f e d c} ،‬‬ ‫ُﺗ ْﺆ َﺗﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻭ َﺣ ﱢﺴ ْﻦ ﻇَﻨﱠ َﻚ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ ﻓ َ‬
‫‪]{k j i hg‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪.(١)«[٤٠ :‬‬
‫َﻭﻗَ َﺎﻝ ‪ :µ‬ﺇ َﺫﺍ َﺳﺄَ ْﻟ َﺖ ﻓَ ْﺎﺳﺄَ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ِﺈ ْﻥ ﺃَ ْﻋﻄَﺎ َﻙ ﻓَ ْﺎﺷ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻮء ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈ ﱢﻦ‬ ‫ﺲ َﻭ ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻳﱠﺎ َﻙ َﻭ َﻛ َﺰﺍ َﺯ َﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﺇ ْﻥ َﻣﻨَ َﻌ َﻚ ﻓَ ْﺎﺭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻐ ِﻔ َﺮ َﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ َﻭ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ َﺔ َﻭ ﱢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ ْﻌﺮِﻓَ َﺔ َﻭ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻬ َﻮ ِﺓ ﻓَ ُﺘ ْﺤ َﺮ َﻡ َ‬
‫َﻭ َﻏﻠَ َﺒ َﺔ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻷَ ْﻋﻠَﻰ ِﺇﻟ َﻰ ﺃَ ْﺳ َﻔ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﻭ ُﺗ ْﺤ َﺠ َﺐ َﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ُﺗ ْﻄ َﺮ َﺩ َﻋ ِﻦ َ‬
‫ﻴﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺣ ُﺪﻭﺩِ َﺳ ِﺎﻓﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺫﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻭﻟ َ ْﺴ َﺖ َﺗ ْﺪ ِﺭﻱ ﺃَ ْﻳ َﻦ ﻳَ ْﺮ ِﻣ َ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺹ‪(٤٧‬‬

‫‪ ٤٩ ‬‬
 ٥٠ 