Experiment #5: Solubility of KNO3

Aim: To determine the effect of temperature on the solubility of Potassium Nitrate in water

Apparatus: 5 test tubes, test tube rack, spatula, electronic balance, thermometer, stirring rod,
measuring cylinders, water bath

Materials: Potassium Nitrate crystals, distilled water

Procedure:

1. Label 5 test tubes 1 – 5

2. Weigh out five sets of potassium nitrate – 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g and 5g and place them in the
respective test tubes
3. Add 10 cm3 distilled water into test tube 1.
4. Warm the test tube in a water bath and stir until the KNO3 dissolves
5. Remove the test tube from the water bath, place a thermometer in it and leave to cool.
Use a cold water bath if there is no crystallization at room temperature.
6. Record the temperature at the first sign of crystallization. Use a black background to aid
in seeing the crystals.
7. Repeat the experiment from steps 3 to 6 for test tubes 2 – 5.
8. Tabulate your results.
Draw a setup for the apparatus

Results: Put in a suitable title for the table

Test tube number 1 2 3 4 5

Mass of KNO3, g

Solubility, g/100cm3
Temperature of
crystallization, oC

Use the following relationship to determine the solubility at each temperature –

Solubility in g of solute per 100g of water = Mass of solute used x 100 = solubility per 100g
10
Plot a graph of Solubility of KNO3 Vs Temperature.

Precaution/Source of Error/Conclusion/Reflection
Experiment #6: Separation of immiscible liquids

Aim: To separate a mixture of petrol and aqueous iodine solution using a separating funnel

Apparatus: Retort stand, separating funnel, 2 measuring cylinders, 3 beakers, stirring rod

Materials: Aqueous iodine solution, petrol

Procedure:

1. Measure 25 cm3 of iodine solution and 25 cm3 of petrol using separate measuring
cylinders
2. Make observations of both liquids and record them
3. Pour the two liquids into a beaker, stir gently using a stirring rod to prepare the mixture
4. Add the mixture to the separating funnel, ensuring the tap is closed, stopper the funnel
and shake gently
5. Clamp the separating funnel securely onto the retort stand, remove the stopper and allow
the mixture to sit undisturbed until 2 distinct layers are formed
6. Collect the first layer in beaker, the middle layer in another beaker and the top layer in a
third beaker. Record observations.
Draw a setup for the apparatus

Results: Put in a suitable title for the table

Petrol Iodine

Before mixing

After mixing

Include in your discussion:

- What is an immiscible mixture?
- Discuss the principles involved when using a separating funnel
- Apply the principles to the experiment carried out with the two liquids
- Explain the change seen in the appearance of the two liquids before and after mixing

Precaution/Source of Error/Conclusion/Reflection