INTRODUCTION

CETS464 - ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS & EQUIPMENT

INTENDED Learning
outcomes
ILO 1
Define a construction project and
its three components

ILO 2
Recall the five stages of
construction project cycle

ILO 3
Learn what is a bid package, how to
prepare a bid package, and the
processes and requirements in
bidding
THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

CETS464 - ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS & EQUIPMENT

The construction industry is a key sector within the Philippine economy,
contributing a gross value added of about 336 billion Philippine pesos
during the fourth quarter of 2020. In terms of capital formation, which
refers to the total construction expenditures by private and public firms,
the sector reported significant contractions in 2020, largely due to the
disruptions caused by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Because construction is an exciting, dynamic process which often

provides high income for workers and contractors, it is an appealing
career opportunity. However, the seasonal and sporadic nature of
construction work often serves to significantly reduce the annual income
of many workers. In addition, construction contracting is a very
competitive business with a high rate of bankruptcy.
It is widely recognized that construction as a discipline is a combination
of art and science. While understanding the technical aspects of
construction is extremely important, it is also essential that construction
professionals have knowledge of the business and management
aspects of the profession. Close observation and participation in actual
construction projects are very valuable in obtaining an understanding of
the construction process as well.

While construction has traditionally been a very conservative industry,

the increasing rate of technological development and growing
international competition in the industry are serving to accelerate the
development of new construction methods, equipment, materials, and
management techniques. As a result, coming years will see an
increasing need for innovative and professionally competent
construction professionals.
 CONSTRUCTION
Companies and individuals engaged in
CONTRACTORS
the business of construction are
commonly referred to as construction
contractors (or simply contractors)
because they operate under a
contract arrangement with the owner.
Construction contractors may be
classified as: General contractors or
Specialty contractors.
 CONSTRUCTION
General contractors:
CONTRACTORS
engage in a wide range of construction
activities and execute most major
construction projects. When they
enter into a contract with an owner to
provide complete construction
services, they are called prime
contractors.
Specialty contractors:
limit their activities to one or more
CONSTRUCTION
construction specialties, such as CONTRACTORS
electrical work, plumbing, heating and
ventilating, or earthmoving. Specialty
contractors are often employed by a
prime contractor to accomplish some
specific phase of a construction
project. Since the specialty
contractors are operating under
subcontracts between themselves and
the prime contractor, the specialty
contractors are referred to as
subcontractors.
The major divisions of the construction
CONSTRUCTION
industry consist of building construction INDUSTRY DIVISIONS
(vertical construction) and heavy
construction (horizontal construction).

Building construction, as the name implies, involves the construction of

buildings. This category may be subdivided into public and private,
residential and non-residential building construction. While building
construction accounts for a majority of the total new construction market ,
many of the largest and most spectacular projects fall in the heavy
construction area. Heavy construction includes highways, airports,
railroads, bridges, canals, harbors, dams, and other major public works.
Other specialty divisions of the construction industry sometimes used
include industrial construction, process plant construction, marine
construction, and utility construction.
THE CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS

CETS464 - ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS & EQUIPMENT

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND CONTRACT PROCEDURES
Recognizing the need for the project.
Determining the technical and financial feasibility of the
project.
Preparing detailed plans, specifications, and cost estimates
for the project.
Obtaining approval from regulatory agencies. This involves
ascertaining compliance with zoning regulations, building
codes, and environmental and other regulations.
 HOW CONSTRUCTION IS ACCOMPLISHED

Construction employing an owner construction force.

Owner management of construction.
Construction by a general contractor.
Construction using a design/build (turnkey) contract.
Construction utilizing a construction management contract.
 CODES AND
REGULATIONS

CETS464 - ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS & EQUIPMENT

 BUILDING CODES
The National Building Code of the Philippines is a law that aims to
answer the growing demand for urbanization. As more economic
activities move towards the real estate and industrial sector, there is a
growing need for a standardized set of rules and regulations
governing the appropriate building design for safety purposes.

The National Building Code of the Philippines aims to ensure that

developers conform to the implementation of modern technical
knowledge on construction, building design, occupancy,
maintenance, and use.
 PROVISIONS under the
What is a BUILDING PERMIT?
national building code
Before demolishing, repairing, or constructing a
building, the owner must secure a building
permit from the building official assigned to that
area. A building official has the authority to
conduct site inspections to determine if the
building work adheres to the provisions of this
code.

If the building official finds any faults in the

construction process or a breach of law, he has
the right to order a cease of operation and
prescribe the appropriate actions and
requirements for the building work to continue.
 PROVISIONS under the
How to apply for a BUILDING PERMIT?
national building code
To receive a building permit, the applicant must submit to
the building official’s office a written application along
with the following requirement:
A detailed work description to be covered by the
requested permission;
A copy of the transfer certificate of title (TCT) of the
parcel of land where the building work will be carried
out;
A copy of the lease contract (suppose the applicant is
not the registered owner)
The planned use or occupancy for the proposed work;
The proposed work’s estimated cost
 PROVISIONS under the
What is the Building Permit
national building code
Processing Like?
The building official and their technical staff shall have
overall administrative control and oversight over the
processing of building permits. They will ensure that the
applicant satisfies and conforms to approved standard
requirements on lines and grades, zoning and land use,
sanitary and sewerage, environmental health, structural
design, electrical and mechanical safety, and other rules
and regulations prescribed in the provisions of the
code.
The building owner who is authorized or granted a
building permit must hire a licensed architect or civil
engineer to oversee and inspect the construction
activity full-time. This architect or civil engineer may or
may not be the same as the architect or civil engineer in
charge of the building’s design.
 PROVISIONS under the
What is the Building Permit
Processing Like?
national building code

If you decide to hire a separate architect or civil

engineer from the designing team, the designing
architect or engineer still holds the right to inspect the
construction site to check the construction’s
compliance with the national building code.
A logbook containing the actual progress of
construction, including tests conducted, weather
conditions, and other essential data, must be kept on
the project.
 PROVISIONS under the
What is the Building Permit
national building code
Processing Like?
Upon project completion, the licensed architect or civil
engineer shall present the logbook, fully signed and
sealed, to the building official. They must also create
and submit a Certificate of Project Completion
declaring that the building was constructed with
adherence to the provisions of the National Building
Code of the Philippines along with the authorized plans
and specifications.
The logbook is an essential requirement for final
inspection, determining if the building is ready for
occupancy. Once the building is approved for
occupancy, a Certificate of Occupancy shall be issued
within 30 days after the final inspection. The building
shall be left unoccupied until the date of effectivity of
the Certificate of Occupancy.
 PROVISIONS under the
Why a Building Permit may be
national building code
Revoked, Suspended or Not Issued

The building official has the authority to order or

cause the suspension, non-issuance, or revocation
of a building permit based on the following
grounds:
Errors in the plans and specifications;
Incorrect data or information; and
Failure to comply with the provisions of the
National Building Code of the Philippines.
Revocation, non-issuance, or suspension of
building permits is always communicated in a
written notice that explains the grounds behind
revocation, non-issuance, or suspension.
 PROVISIONS under the
What are Exemptions to the Code?
Indigenous people’s family dwellings and public
national building code
buildings shall be exempted from building fees.
Family dwellings refer to houses used solely for
family occupancy, regardless of materials used for
the construction of the said dwelling.

Why Comply with the National Building

Code of the Philippines?
The National Building Code of the Philippines
ensures that all buildings can survive the natural
calamities that often occur in this country. Strict
compliance with the technical requirements is
implemented, especially in high-risk areas.
 PROVISIONS under the
Requirements for Getting a
national building code
Building Permit in the Philippines

1. Completed application forms duly signed by your

engineers

2. If the applicant is the legitimate owner of the

property, the following documents must be
prepared:
Tax Declaration
Certified True Copy of Original Certificate of
Title (OCT) or Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT),
on file with the Registry of Deeds
Current Real Property Tax Receipt
 PROVISIONS under the
Requirements for Getting a
Building Permit in the Philippines
national building code
3. In the event that the applicant is not the legal
owner of the property, the following documents
must be prepared in addition to the ones
mentioned above:
Duly Notarized copy of the Contract Lease
Contract of Sale
Affidavit of Consent of the Lot Owner for the
construction of building/house, or Deed of
Absolute Sale.

4. Complete sets of Detailed Plans

 PROVISIONS under the
Requirements for Getting a
national building code
Building Permit in the Philippines

5. For the construction of two-storey buildings, you

will need to prepare a Structural Design Analysis
which is signed by Civil Engineer at every page.

6. For the construction of more than two-storey

buildings, you will need to prepare a Boring and
Plate Load Test as well as a Seismic Analysis.

7. Permit Billboard (0.60 x 0.90 Plywood)

 steps in securing a building permit

1. Get the requirements checklist.

2. Submit the requirements to the Office of the Building Official.
3. Get your Order of Payment.
4. Pay the building permit fees.
5. Present the Official Receipt to the Office of the Building
Official Releasing Section.
6. Claim your Building Permit.
 L Y
O N
P L E
S A M
 L Y
O N
P L E
S A M
 END
THANK YOU

CETS464 - ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHODS & EQUIPMENT