QUIZ-4 (Chapter 9+10)

Economic Geology-GEO-415
BS-7 Geology/Geophysics

Name and Roll # ---------------------- Date: 27-01-2022

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A) Multiple choice questions. Select the correct answer.

------------ is the largest coal field of Pakistan.

 Makarwal
 Thar
 Hangu
 Chakwal

Brown coal (lignite) is ----------affected by burial or tectonism.

 Little
 Highly
 not

Seyler’s classification is based on -------------- contents.

 hydrogen-carbon
 hydrogen-oxygen
 calorific values-moisture

Lignite coals are higher in ------------

 Hydrogen
 Carbon
 Oxygen
 nitrogen

------------is a leached, silica-pure sandstone or siltstone underlying the coal seam.

 Ganister
 seat earth
 ironstone bed

------------- is the overburden to coal ratio which determines the need for open pit or
underground mining methods.
 20:1
 10:1
 20:2

1
  20:20

------------- is added to the mined area to reduce the acidity of the mine water.
 Sandstone
 Limestone
 Shale
 Gypsum

Total reserves of Thar coal are ----------- tons.

 1.75 Mt
 1.75Bt
 17.5 Mt
 17.5 Bt

The first discovery at Khor was made by----------------------

 OGDCL
 MOL
 POL
 OMV

Crude oil is a mixture containing 80% of -----------------

 Cycloalkanes
 Alkanes
 Aromatics
 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Gas containing----------------------- is termed as sour gas.

 Ni
 H
 He
 HS

The benzene base HC are called----------------

 Paraffin
 Naphthene
 Aromatics
 Alkanes

The most valuable oils are---------------------

 Naphthene based
 Paraffin based
 Aromatic based
 Asphalt based

2
The API is measured in -----------------------
 Percentage
 Grams per cubic centimeter
 Degrees
 Kilojoule

Heavy oils have an API value -----------------------

 >30
 >22
 <22
 <30

The pour point of an oil is related to its--------------------------

 Temperature
 Pressure
 Refractive index
 Composition

Gas found on its own (not mixed) is called----------------------

 Wet gas
 Dry gas
 Cap gas
 Dissolved gas

Gas condensates have API----------------------

 <50
 >50
 <30
 <22

Type-I kerogens are----------------------- prone.

 Gas
 Oil
 Oil and Gas
 Gas condensates

To become source rock the lower limit of ------------------ % of organic carbon in

kerogens is considered necessary.
 0.8
 0.4
 2.0
 10

3
In asymmetrical folds, the ----------------- limb often contains the most oil.
 Steeply dipping
 Gentler dipping
 Vertical dipping
 Horizontal dipping

Reef traps are the variety of ---------------------- traps.

 Structural
 Stratigraphic
 Combined
 Salt dome

Oil can be generated by direct coal ------------------- method.

 Oxidation
 Carbonization
 Hydrogenation
 Purification

The oil that does not flow is known as -------------------

 Tar or bitumen
 Tar sand
 Petrol
 Diesel

4
B) True (T) false (F) questions. Circle the correct answer.

 Sapropelic coals are non-banded coals. T/F

 The organic matter forming the coals is called minerals. T/F

 Boghead and cannel coals are formed by alginites. T/F

 Over half of the world’s coals are Tertiary in age. T/F

 Contour method is the common method of mining coal, underground. T/F

 Aerobic conditions are necessary to avoid oxidation and decomposition

of the peat. T/F

 The mining method used around the side of hills is called strip mining. T/F

 The emission of CO2 during burning of coal can cause acid rain. T/F

 Foliation process converts plant material into coal is called T/F

 Alginite forms boghead and cannel coal. T/F

 The inert variety of coal macerals is termed as vitrinite. T/F

 In modern coal mines limestone added to reduce the ground water acidity. T / F

 In room and pillar method the roof is deliberately allowed to collapse. T/F

 Hydrocarbons can be produced from coal by degradation process. T/F

 Sulfur also occurs as pyrite and marcasite in coals. T/F

 SO2 produced during burning of coal is combined with limestone to form

gypsum. T/F

5
6