Unit11B The limits of lying

cheat 欺骗
• He was accused of cheating on his taxes by hiding his income.

• They cheated their way to victory by using illegal drugs.

• He cheated death by surviving the plane crash.

• She cheated herself out of a good education by dropping out of school.

Assume means to suppose something without proof or evidence, or to take on a role or

responsibility. For example:

• Marianne assumed the position of CEO of Big Corporation, Inc.

• Eileen assumed that she would inherit all her parents' belongings.

• Anthony assumed the appearance of a monk, making it harder for the police to track him.

Presume means to suppose something based on probability or evidence, or to act

without permission or authority. For example:

• I presume that Mary will come here at about 3 o'clock.

• The jury must not presume guilt; instead, it should carefully consider all the evidence

presented.

• He presumed to speak on behalf of the whole group without consulting them.

Assumedly means in an assumed manner or according to an assumption.

• He left the party early, assumedly because he was bored.

• Assumedly, the new policy will benefit everyone.

• She was assumedly the best candidate for the job.

Presumably means very likely or according to an assumption based on evidence. For

example:

• He was late for the meeting, presumably due to traffic.

• Presumably, the new CEO will make changes to the company’s structure.

• The package was returned to the sender, presumably because of an incorrect address.

不是 A 而是 B，用英语怎么说？
Not A but B: This phrase means that A is not true or correct, but B is. It is used to correct a

mistake or a misunderstanding. For example:

• He is not my brother, but my cousin.

• She was not angry, but disappointed.

• It is not a dog, but a wolf.

Not A rather B: This phrase means that A is not true or correct, and B is more true or

correct. It is used to emphasize the contrast between A and B. For example:

• He is not a good leader, rather a tyrant.

• She was not surprised, rather amused.

• It is not a gift, rather a bribe.

A rather than B: This phrase means that A is preferred or chosen over B. It is used to

express a preference or a decision. For example:

• He wanted to be an actor rather than a comedian.

• Can we come over on Saturday rather than Friday?

• She chose quality rather than quantity.

would rather do A than do B: This phrase means that A is preferred or chosen over B. It is

used to express a preference or a decision. It has the same meaning as "A rather than B",

but it is less common and more formal. For example:

• He would rather die than surrender.

• I would rather walk than take the bus.

• She would rather read than watch TV.

words with a silent "h"

• At the beginning: hour, honor, honest, heir, herb (in American English)

• In the middle: exhausted, rhythm, vehicle (in most dialects), ghost

• At the end: Sarah, Hannah, Noah, stomach, psychopath

注意以不发音的 h 开头的单词，因为他的第一个音节是原因，所以冠词要用 an，不能

用 a，而且要连读

an hour

an honor

an honest man

an heir

Value 的用法及衍生词
Value as a noun means the worth, importance, or usefulness of something. For example:

• The value of the painting was estimated at $10 million.

• She learned to appreciate the value of friendship.

Value as a verb means to estimate the worth, importance, or usefulness of something, or to

regard something highly. For example:

• The appraiser valued the house at $500,000.

• I value your opinion and feedback.

• He values honesty and integrity above all else.

Values 作为名词还可指价值观

"Values" are the principles or standards of behavior that guide and motivate attitudes and

actions. They are the beliefs or ideals that people or groups consider good, desirable, or

proper.

• His values were shaped by his religious upbringing and his military service.

• They share the same values of honesty and integrity.

• The company's values include innovation, excellence, and customer satisfaction.

• He violated his own values by lying to his wife.

• She tries to live according to her values.

• They have different values and opinions on many issues.

• The school aims to teach students the values of respect and responsibility.

• He respects the values of other cultures.

• She challenges the values of the society she lives in.

试着翻译一下这一句出现在雅思阅读考试题中的句子

Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes
a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join,

they’re still at the company.

中国人总爱说三观一致，到底是哪三观，用英语如何表达？

• 世界观: world view, world outlook

• 人生观: outlook on life

• 价值观: values

我俩三观一致。这句话怎么翻译？

• We have the same views on life.

The word "undervalued"不被重视的 is an adjective that means having a lower value or

price than what is deserved or reasonable.

• He is looking for undervalued companies that have strong growth potential.

• The currency was undervalued by 20% according to the exchange rate.

• She felt undervalued and unappreciated at her job.

undervalued 不被重视的

unappreciated 不被欣赏的

unrecognized 不被认可的

under-前缀的意思是“在下面，不足够”

over-前缀的意思是“在上面，过多”
• He underestimated the difficulty of the exam and overestimated his own preparation.

• They underestimated the power of their enemies and overestimated their own strength.

• Many people think that the movie Titanic is overrated and not worth watching.

•The politician oversimplified the issue of climate change and proposed unrealistic

solutions.

“这很值”用英语怎么说？
Worth means having a particular value, especially in money, or being useful or important

enough to do something. For example:

• The house is worth $500,000.

• It is worth learning a foreign language.

Precious means very valuable or important, or loved very much. For example:

• Diamonds are precious stones.

• She is my most precious friend.

• The mother carried her newborn baby as a precious burden, feeling both joy and

responsibility.

Worthwhile means useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the

money or time spent or the effort made. For example:

• It was a worthwhile project that helped many people.

• He felt that his life was not worthwhile.

Valuable means worth a lot of money, or having great importance or benefit. For example:
• He inherited some valuable paintings from his grandfather.

• Your feedback is very valuable to us.

Rewarding means giving you a good feeling that you have done something valuable,

important, or useful. For example:

• Teaching can be a very rewarding career.

• I found the book very rewarding to read.

Some words with similar meanings are:

• Priceless: having such a high value that its price cannot be calculated.

• Invaluable: extremely useful or important.

• Beneficial: helpful, useful, or good.

• Satisfying: making you feel pleased or happy.

注意区分： worthless 的意思是毫无价值

而 priceless 则是无价之宝

Justify 的用法
The word "justify" means to show or prove that something is right, reasonable, or

acceptable. Here are some examples of how to use "justify" in a sentence:

• He tried to justify his behavior by saying that he was under a lot of stress.
• How can you justify spending so much money on clothes?

• She felt the need to justify herself to her critics.

• The benefits of this project justify the costs.

• The court will decide whether the police had sufficient grounds to justify the arrest.

附加练习题
• Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the list: undervalued, underestimated,

overestimated, oversimplified, or overrated.

1. He felt __________ by his boss and decided to quit his job.

2. She __________ the amount of time she needed to finish the project and missed the

deadline.

3. He __________ the complexity of the problem and gave a naive solution.

4. She thought that the singer was __________ and did not deserve the fame and awards.

5. He __________ the risk of investing in the stock market and lost a lot of money.

• Write a sentence using each word from the list: undervalued, underestimated,

overestimated, oversimplified, or overrated.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
• Match each word from the list: undervalued, underestimated, overestimated,

oversimplified, or overrated with its antonym 反 义 词 from the list: overvalued,

overestimated, underestimated, overcomplicated, or underrated.

1. __________ - __________

2. __________ - __________

3. __________ - __________

4. __________ - __________

5. __________ - __________