1

Chemical Bonding

Paper 2

2
 1
GPF BE

in
electron

I
Y
2 1

7 3 10

18 8 2
4
13 3 102 17
4 µ
1
10
10
CH

Tes

Gp4
carbon 4 Hffrogen

3
 4 a At
5

i 0 0

G
O

O 0

o
8

O a 4
9

A10
10

0
11
b HX 420
0
12
b

0 x

5
 13
b

14
b

15
16
bb

16
b

6
 17
b

18 Ionic compound
b

wt

19
b

0
20
b

electrons

0
21
b
C 6 0 8 2 10
F 9 1 10
Na 11
O K 19 1 18 S 16 2 18
Mg Na X 1 10
7
22
b If

x
23
b

is
24
b

metal refetal

PQ
0
em P Q
8
 25
b

graphite
Dior

metal point Iom'cB

26
b

GP

Ion.CC
IPO
0
27
b

0 c
I

484 10
A 74
1 4 2 4 2
H I
0 56 2
9
28
b

29
b

0
lose 2
Gain I

30
X2
b

see
0 5 0

31
b

0
10
32
b

X X

XX
33
b

34
b
Entstructure

35
b

Nonmetal
gain I lose Metal

metal nonmetal
p Q

Fetal 11
Chemical Bonding

Paper 4

12
1

6 gainz
XX XX
C 4 gaint
Box

Metallic Bond
3

Isotopes

0
3 3
3 1 2
63 3 73 4
3 2
4

18
19 1 18 2 10 19 1
8
2

of 8 8s

Xx
13
5

2
8

a
888
xx
Na loses

Nazo
Tx

x̅ a

14
 Because of the strongforffettraction between
positive ions negative ions as well as it needs
requires a large amount of energy to overcome
that attraction force

Intermolecular force
6

35 35
44 46
35 36

15
 7

8 0

27

Alumminium

16
9

12 2 10
4 If at 1 10

Mg F

Mgf
2X

Melting

17
 o

to

XX XX

Xx

Molecules

Covalent Bond
Each silicon atom iscovalently bonded to
Four oxygen atoms with a strongbond
Arraged in a Giant covalent structure
18
 F Gp 2 12
C Gp 7 17

high Melting Boiling Point

Conducts electricity when molten or aqueo

19
10

same
as
above

8 0

20
11 (a)

2 more proton than electron

Not At
2
C 3 0 F

Neon
(c)

xx
(d)

xx xx

XX

21
12

é
e

positive ion in a sea of delocalised electrons

Arrangement between positive ion negative
electrons

Free Mobile electrons carry charge

Ionic Bond
Free Mobile electrons to
carry charge
22
 x
xx xx
x̅
xx

lid is an Ionic Bond has a

strong
attraction force between ions
Nel is a covalent Bond has a weak
attraction force between molecules particles

23
13

has 2 more electrons than proton

3
d p

eat K

14

covalent bond

Because of the weak Intermolecular

attractionforce between molecules

No Free mobile electrons

24
15

8 no

16

positive ions in a sea of delocalised

electrons
Arrangement between positive ions
any negative electrons

25
17

Metalic
positive ion in a sea of Selocalised
electrons
Arrangement between positive ions
negative electrons

conducts electricity when molten or equ

high melting boiling point

000 xx 2

XX

26
18

Giant covalent bond

Sillison oxide

each carbon atom is covalently bonded to

3 carbon atoms in a linked layers of hexagon

Free mobile electrons

BMF 720 7252 600

each carbon 12
19

2
x̅

xx

27
20

S L G

E
H

conducts electricity when solit

very high melting point

doesn't conduct electricity when solid or
Liquid

I
conducts electricity when liquid but
not when solid

28
 21

xx xx
x

22 (a)

2 13
29 27
c

29
(c)

(d)

S L G

75

Liquid
75 is between them P BP

KCI IonicBond
strong attraction Tsetween Potassium
Chloride ions

92 covalent Bond
weak attraction force between
molecules 30
 XX

XX

S C
G
195

Liquid
195 is between M.P BP

Naf Ionic Bond

strong attraction force between Na
F ions

Fz Covalent Bond
weak attraction force between molecules
31
23

of

xx

24

Metalic Bond
positive ions in a sea of delocalised
electrons
Arrangement between positive ions negative
electrons
25 (i)

inert
conducts electricity

Electrons
32
26 (a) Call

Ca has 2 est in outter shell loses 2 es and

became the ion
Cl hast es in outtershell gain I es and became
ve ion
chemical Formidae cad

(b)

(c)

strong electrostatic force of attraction

between the ions reions
high M.p
conducts electricity when molten or aqueous

33
 27

cL Efaint
it 1

Neon
(b)

contains 2 or more substances that are

28
not chemically bonded can be separated by
physical means
2 or mortelements that are chemically bonded
can not be separated by physical means

is the of
arrangement the ions ve ions

in solid ions don't move

when molten ions move mobile
34
35
Chemical formula
and equations

Paper 2

36
1

0 56

56
24
2C
2

X Q X 0
3

X Q O arnot
4
0 99
Farina

2 14 4 1613 80
5

23 1 35.5 16 3
166.5

37
 7 27 2 16 3 102

0
8

16 24
84 40
0 ax
109
24 14 2 16 6
148
10

16 2 32

64 32 32

11

0 120 24
12

Gog

38
12

13

14 2 6 6
48
0
14

1 11
11 111

H 10

a
15

24 40

48 fog
39
16

5
0 125
17
30
27 2 16131 102 129

16 27

to
18

5 4

o.EE
I

19
Gpf
T

0 0 00
I I 01 2 Br 3

40
20

00 00 0 0

21

26 16 2
12 184 1
274

22 A

X O
23

ME

24

2 14 4 16 3
80
41
25

16 40
2
40
0 9
26 T lo og

27
609

28

24 14 2 16 6
148
O
29

O
2 747 4 46 3
42 80
 Kx
30
1h20
X 0
31
14 2 96 6
24
148
0
32

16 2

164 32 32

33

0 0 Yoo Yoo
34
516
144 16 28 64
12

43
 35

t
c 8
2

I
o 0 a
36 14 2 1 8
32 1614
132
37

19 2 38
F
38 32
70
mass
32

38 1412 16
24
148

39
4073 131 2 116 8

310

44
 40

23 35.5 1613

106.5
41 753

56
17 1 11 1
13 3
14
10
8 2 10

42

43

44
00
o o
AX
AW

AO
45
45

46
Zn Nos 7T I 2
Na 2504

46
Chemical formula
and equations

Paper 4

47
1

NH 2504
2
3

4 3 2 4
12
4 6 2 I 0

6 8 7

2 3 2
4 4 S 2 1 3 0 2
5 0 2

1 59
4 124
411

48
6

5 60
10 10

102
7

2 2

gas
liquid

(b)

2 5

49
 8

6 6
2 71

113
9

6 2

10

2 3
11

2 4

12

3 2

50
13 (a)

2 2
6 96

150

2 2
14

2 3

15

3 2

51
 16

4 1 4
2 32

Go

17

Mg3180412
19 7

52
18

pop Phosphate

Nitrate

4 2
10004 1.05
250
1 05

ammonium phosphate

53
19

O
o
0

5042 sulfate

sulfate

1000 28.0
20 5.6
5.6

ammonium Nitrate

54
(b)

Ca N
3

Ca 0372

2 2

5 2

(e)

544606

4 48

6 96

150

(f)

2 2

55
20

I 32 32
4 16 64

160

21

2 3

22

2 2

23

2 3
24

1 131 131

2 19 38
217

56
25

4 2
26

57
27

I
a

Nat sodium

sulfate

1 12
8 3
3

assails
36.3

calcium hydrogencarbonate

58
 28

M9 z
Ex
29

K N
3

K
X
30
NG

ca Br

Cabra X
31

2 3

32

2 2

33

2 6

59
60