Chapter 1 Algebraic Methods

1 Algebraic fractions

simplify

2 Diving polynomials

XZ 5 2
3
31
2
X 2 17 6 3
3 2 3 112
3
2
9
5 22
if 2 I
522 152
2 6
2X 16
O

2 3 XZ 8 4
2 11 14 4
4
0
3
17 40 14 3
XZ 8 14
4 2 3 fix 12 11712
3 2
2
3
17
2 XZ
2
16 07
2
16 89
8 4
8N 14
O

3 The factor theorem

 2
b fix X3 1 4 4
f 2 23 22 8 4 0
2
So ex 2 is a factor of 73 4 4

3 2
at fuk 2 1 18 9
HX 7 3112 111 131
Factors
of9 Il I3
Ig
b
fuk 21 1 18 9 10 l m 3

iiiItiii.gfhIa.m
Mz
f137 2 27 19 18 39 0

x.sn
Gx 7x2
2X3
H 7X2
2lX
3 9
3 9
O

4N 114 3 1 114 a O

4 3 19 0
a I

4 The Remainder Theorem

f txt ex
pip tr

fCpk r
 8 1 214 4 1 2131 al IT I 3

d It a 1 3

4a 3 a 12

5 Mathematical Proof YAGO

bz

6142 442 0
RHS OF LHS
Keo LHS_2
9kt 840
149k 81co o Ig
oak

31h2 Gh 110
z 4
3 In 53 3 1 0
3in 51456 SO

Cn 51230 so

6 Proof by exhaustion yeven

odd

2142 422
2kt112 410 41211 4142 14 11

All square numbers are either squares of ovennumbers or odd numbers

Therefore
 Disproof by counter example

Chapter 2 Coordinate Geometry

1 Midpoints and perpendicular bisectors

X Yi X2142

midpoint KIK 41242

2 Equation of a circle
Ya
r
X a ft ly b 2 r2
ab

O X

2 1471 t Hy 12 0
x 42
X 7
2
141812 72 82 12 0

X 7ft by1812 125 centre 17 81

radius Ft 555

3 Intersections
of straight lines and circles
no intersection
intersections
2

I intersection atangent
I

4 Use tangent and chord properties

Tangent
a X40 4 0 to 25 10 65 64 36 100
Therefore the point p lo o lies on C
b
G O
12,61 Mr

10,01 MT
o
y 0 15 X Io

y Ex E
4 34 40 0

5 Circles and triangles

r
i

a
mac fi g fz
MBc z
5I94 4
g

MAC x MBC I ACB 900

Therefore AB is a diameter of the circle
b
centre I l 2.31
extzftly 35 40
F IAB d 2510
Chapter 3 Exponentials and Logarithms

1 Exponential functions

a
y
a 1 o Act

Un 4I

I
O Z
t
O

increasing decreasing

0,1 0 1
Asymptote X axis x axis
Asymptote

2 Logarithms

x
y a logay

5 9 2 logs9

3 Laws of Logarithms

toga a I
logax logay logalxy
begat o
logax begay ooga I

I toga logax
toga Keogax
 logjam logs 5 eogg3
t
logs23 logo3 logo It
logs72 logo48

bogart logay t logaZ3 zeogaxteogay t 3logaz

b
logax begay's logax 3logay
c
logaxtlogady logaZ logaxt logay log.az
d 4
logax logaa logax
I
4logaa

2
boycottlog0 2

logo 14 21 2

4
2 10
2
25
x 15
X O X 5

4 Solving equations using logarithms

X
Y b YZ Ry 120 0 5X z x log52 0.431

y y 101 0
logsto 1,43
2 5 40 X

Y Z or 10

54 2 or 10
 11
3 2X
t
l
logo3 logo
x logo3 Htt logo2
Xlogo2
x
logo3 logo2
D logozy 1.7095
oT
logos eog

5 Changing the base of a logarithm

logay
log y logax
x y
m logxy toga x logay
xm y
logaxm logay
meogax logay
me legally
logax

Chapter 4 The Binomial Expansion

is Pascal's triangle

2 Factorial notation

n nx n i x n 2 x n 3 x x I

3 3 2 1 O I
5 5 4 3 2 Xl
 n
Cr F r n n

3 The Binomial Expansion

32 15 35 15,1 34 1 2X E x33 1 2 12 531 32 1 2 13

1 541 3 1 2x t I 2 15
3 5
1240 4 32
2
243 810 11080 720

4 Solving binomial problems

a 041 26 13 14 1088640 4
coefficient 1088640

b 3
2 I x3 t2xPt x 131 35 1 2 5 24948 coefficient 24948

17x Kx 3 3
f x 15 K 2

al is 9 i'get E l4qx5t
Hqx
2
It
8qX 12882
b r 2884568 0
8q
7r
L 2882 7 c gq
7814g181 0
q 2
28g
 5 Binomial Estimation

at 110 110,1 19 1 1 t 21 18 1 El't 181 17 1 EP

2 31
I 25 12,8125 1.875
b
1 0.975
X 0.1

I 25 0.1 12.8125 0.12 1.875

0.13 0.77625 20.7763

Chapter 5 sequences and series

1 Arithmetic sequences and series

First term a common difference d

Un Attn 1 d
Sn E Zatch lid

Proof Sn at Atd t atzdt 1 at Cn nd

Sn at Cn Ild 1 Attn 21 dt Attn 3 dt 1 A

25N Zatch nd xn

Sn E 2A 1 Child

a 4 D 5

Sn E 2 4 1 n 17 5 2000

n 3 15N I 4000
5h43m 4000 O

n 27.99 ne 28.59 n 28
2 Geometric sequences and series

first term a common ratio r

convergent
Un arm
allIn a
Sn I r
Sx Fr Irk1
1
Proof Sn atarftarft tarT I I
rsn a ar z

Sn rsn a ar

I risen all M
All rn
Sn I r

n
a
Ig D 31 6
2
321 18 0
X 611 131 0
x 6 or 3 X 6

b a 3 r 2

UN 3 29 1536

Irks

Ar 3 1.08
a f 3 0,216
Arb 0,233328
r 0.6
Irl I this series is convergent

b AX 0163 1,08
a 5
5
Six I 0,6 12,5
 act r l a
a
Fr 15 Fr Hb b r s
a
1611 r 1 15 16 9 8
i r
4 45
r to
r 1

3 Sigma Notation

f r flit flat f131 t fin

n
r It 2 3 1 n

I It it I n

w
Ctr111 5 19 113 t 81

2 5 19 4 860

5 3 5 115 45 1 t 5 3
bx l 312
I 3
1328600

C5r 31 444 1492 t 5 30 3

g
2 44,5 121 5

2134

4 Recurrence relations
Ui 3 Unt Zun 13
Anti f Un Uz 2 4 13 2 33 9
U3 2 421 3 2 913 2
a Az af I p2 i
a3 ai l Cp 112 I p4 zp211 I p't 2ps
b 1 0 p 11
p
pco I
p
Ai I Az 0 Az I 94 0
C zero
I Ar I 10 I 10 I 10 t 100
FI

d aigg 1

Chapter 6 Trigonometric identities and equations

1 Angles in all four quadrants

since I
1
X YI 1 y
i x
ft s WSO T x
1 I

I
and gradient

sin O sin 1800 O SINO1368k

sin All
WSO cost 01 cos1013600KI
Tan cos tanto 118001
tand tanto1180k

Osx go
 A
a b c a
fort 138
I 1300

Sint 1000 Sin80 cos3300 005300 tan5000 tanto

The
d1 sin sin e cos 6 fl tan I

2 Trigonometric identities
since 10050 El
Sind
Tano WSO

a sin30 1005230 1
b 5 55h20 50050
c Single since
Tange
cosine coszo

costetsino WSH SMO

LHS WSO
0050 since
0050
L tank RHS
180 0 3600

90 0 1800

at sTnO
Fts ft
b cos2 FET
0 300 1500

2
STAX F
X 0,4115

X 0.4115 121T TL C0.4115

x 5.87 3.55

tan0 53
a E