MECHATRONICS CONTROL III RECITATION 1

2024
1. Assume an arbitrary number system having a radix of 5 and 0, 1, 2, L and M as its
independent digits. Determine:
i. the decimal equivalent of (12LM.L1);
ii. the total number of possible four-digit combinations in this arbitrary number
system.
2. Determine the floating-point representation of (-142)10 using the IEEE single-precision
format.
3. Determine the equivalent decimal numbers for the following floating-point numbers:
i. 00111111 01000000 00000000 00000000 (IEEE-754 single-precision format);
ii. 11000000 00101001 01100 : : : 45 0s (IEEE-754 double-precision format)
4. Represent the following in the IEEE-754 floating-point standard using the single-
precision format
i. 32-bit binary number 11110000 11001100 10101010 00001111;
ii. (-118.625)10.
5. Show that:
i. (13A7)16 = (5031)10;
ii. (3F2)16 = (1111110010)2.
6. What is meant by the radix or base of a number system? Briefly describe why hex
representation is used for the addresses and the contents of the memory locations in the
main memory of a computer.
7. What do you understand by the l’s and 2’s complements of a binary number? What will
be the range of decimal numbers that can be represented using a 16-bit 2’s complement
format?
8. Briefly describe the salient features of the IEEE-754 standard for representing floating-
point numbers.
9. Why was it considered necessary to carry out a revision of the IEEE-754 standard? What are
the main features of IEEE-754r (the notation for IEEE-754 under revision)?
10. In a number system, what decides (a) the place value or weight of a given digit and (b)
the maximum numbers representable with a given number of digits?
11. In a floating-point representation, what represents (a) the range of representable numbers
and (b) the precision with which a given number can be represented?
12. Why is there a need to have floating-point standards that can take care of decimal data
and decimal arithmetic in addition to binary data and arithmetic?
13. The 7’s complement of a certain octal number is 5264. Determine the binary and
hexadecimal equivalents of that octal number.
14. Distinguish between weighted and unweighted codes. Give two examples each of both
types of code.
15. What is an excess-3 BCD code? Which shortcoming of the 8421 BCD code is overcome
in the excess-3 BCD code? Illustrate with the help of an example.
16. What is the Gray code? Why is it also known as the binary-reflected Gray code? Briefly
outline some of the important applications of the Gray code.
17. Briefly describe salient features of the ASCII and EBCDIC codes in terms of their
capability to represent characters and suitability for their use in different platforms.
18. What is the Unicode? Why is it called the most complete character code?
19. What is a parity bit? Define even and odd parity. What is the limitation of the parity code
when it comes to detection and correction of bit errors?
20. What is the Hamming distance? What is the role of the Hamming distance in deciding the
error detection and correction capability of a code meant for the purpose? How does it
influence the information throughput rate?
21. With the help of the generalized form of the Hamming code, explain how the number of
parity bits required to transmit a given number of data bits is decided upon
22. Write the excess-3 equivalent codes of (6)10, (78)10 and (357)10, all in 16-bit format.
23. Determine the Gray code equivalent of (10011)2 and the binary equivalent of the Gray
code number 110011.
24. A 16-bit data word given by 1001100001110110 is to be transmitted by using a fourfold
repetition code. If the data word is broken into four blocks of four bits each, then write the
transmitted bit stream.
25. Write (a) the Hamming (7, 4) code for 0000 using even parity and (b) the Hamming (11,
7) code for 1111111 using odd parity
26. Perform the following operations using 2’s complement arithmetic:
(a) (+43)10 - (-53)10. (b) (1ABC)16 + (1DEF)16. (c) (3E91)16 - (1F93)16.
27. Subtract (1110.011)2 from (11011.11)2 using basic rules of binary subtraction and verify
the result by showing equivalent decimal subtraction.
28. Find out whether 16-bit 2’s complement arithmetic can be used to add 14 276 and 18 490.
29. Perform the following addition operations:
i. (275.75)10+ (37.875)10
ii. 2. (AF1.B3)16+ (FFF.E)16

End…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………