Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

Equivalence at Word Level

Cheat sheet
Lexical meaning of a word or lexical unit is _____________________________
________________________________________________________________
4 main types of meaning in words and utterances (Cruse)
1. Propositional meaning:________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Expressive meaning:___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. ____________ meaning:
a. Selectional restriction:____________________________________
_______________________________________________________
b. __________________:____________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. ____________ meaning: _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________
a. Dialect:_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
b. ______:________________________________________________
i. Field of discourse: ___________________________________
ii. Tenor of discourse: __________________________________
iii. Mode of discourse: __________________________________
Compare and contrast propositional meaning and expressive meaning
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Semantic fields___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Lexical sets_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Equivalence above Word Level
Cheat sheet
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

Collocation (Definition & features) ____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Collocation range & Factors that affect the range_________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Collocational meaning & examples_____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Marked collocations are _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
How to identify idioms and fixed expressions____________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
List one problem translating collocations, idioms and fixed expression (with an
example). ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
List a strategy to deal with the mentioned problem (with an example)________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Grammatical Equivalence
Cheat sheet
Grammar is______________________________________________________
and is organized along 2 main dimensions: _____________________________
________________________________________________________________
Grammatical choices are____________________________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Major categories of grammar that can challenge English-Vietnamese translators:
Number_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Persons_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Tense & aspect____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Voice___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Textual Equivalence: Thematic & Information Structures
Cheat sheet
A text is_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Text vs non-text___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A Hallidayan overview of Information Flow
Thematic structure:
Theme is________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

Rheme is________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A marked theme is_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3 main types of marked theme in English:
Fronted theme____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Predicated theme_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Identifying theme_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Textual Equivalence: Thematic & Information Structures (Cont’d)
Cheat sheet
Information structures_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Given___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
New____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The principle of end-focus (Greenbaun & Quirk)_________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How are given and new signaled in discourse___________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The Prague School position on Information flow: Functional Sentence
Perspective_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Linear arrangement and marked structures in FSP________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Textual Equivalence: Cohesion
Cheat sheet
5 main cohesive devices in English:
1. Reference______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Co-reference_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Pattern of reference (anaphora)______________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Substitution____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Ellipsis________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Conjunction____________________________________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. Lexical cohesion_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
List one problem & one strategy to deal with maintaining cohesion__________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Pragmatic Equivalence
Cheat sheet
Pragmatics________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Coherence vs. Cohesion_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Coherence & Implicature:
Supplemental coherence____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Explanatory coherence______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Implicature_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4 maxims of the Cooperative Principle
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
Semantic prosody__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Student’s name: __________________________________________

Student’s ID: ____________________________________________

Translation Methods & Functions of Text

Cheat sheet
Newmark’s translation methods include:
SL-focused:_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
TL-focused: ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Buhler’s 3 main functions of text:
Informative______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Expressive_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Vocative_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Personal components in an expresive text include: _______________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Equivalent effect is________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________