GATHERING INFORMATION

THROUGH TEXT STRUCTURE

 LESSON OBJECTIVES
1 2
Differentiate each Gather information
structure of by analyzing the
academic texts; structure of a text
3
Question ideas and
concepts through the
understanding of
academic structure.
 STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Text structure refers
to how the
information within a
written text is
organized.
 FIVE STRUCTURES
01 OF ACADEMIC
TEXTS
SEQUENTIAL/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Often used in
biography,
autobiography and
procedure and
processes.
SEQUENTIAL/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
It is also used in
giving the step-by-
step procedure in
doing something.
 1. They followed the breadcrumbs but get lost.
2. They escape, and reunite with their father and
live happily ever after.
3. The witch captured them and was planned to
be eaten.
4. Hansel and Gretel was abandoned by their
stepmother in the forests.
5. They found a gingerbread house owned by a
witch.
6. Gretel tricks the witch and pushed her in the
oven.
 4. Hansel and Gretel was abandoned by their stepmother in
the forests.
1. They followed the breadcrumbs but get lost.
5. They found a gingerbread house owned by a witch.
3. The witch captured them and was planned to be
eaten.
6. Gretel tricks the witch and pushed her in the
oven.
2. they escape, and reunite with their father and live
happily ever after.
1 2 3

4 5 6
SEQUENTIAL/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
You can use the following
signal words: first, next,
later, after, before,
following, then, in addition
to, followed by, and final.
 DESCRIPTION
This is used to tell what
something is, to present
an item’s attributes or
properties, to show what
an item or place is like.
 DESCRIPTION
You can use the following
signal words: tastes like,
looks like, sounds like,
smells like, feels like.
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION
-Tells about a problem
then gives one or more
possible solutions
SOLUTION TO LACK OF MONEY?
SOLUTION ON BEING ALONE?
BUT IS BEING ALONE REALLY A
PROBLEM?
YOU HAVE A
QUIZ AND YOU
FORGOT TO
REVIEW YOUR
NOTES.
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION
Signal Words:
Question is... Dilemma is...
Puzzle is... To solve this...
One answer is...
One reason for the problem is...
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
-An explanation telling why or
how something happened.
Describes how two or
more events are related or
connected
POSSIBLE EFFECT OF LITTERING?
POSSIBLE EFFECT OF PROTESTS?
POSSIBLE
CAUSES OF
FAILING AN
EXAM OR
TESTS?
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF SADNESS?
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
Signal Words for Cause: for,
because, since, as, to result
from, to be result of, due to,
because of, the effect of, the
sequence of, as a result of, as
a consequence of
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
Signal Words for Effect: as a
result, as a consequence,
therefore, thus, consequently,
hence, so, to result in, to cause, to
have an effect, to affect, the
cause of, the reason for, thereby
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Signal Words for Effect: as a
result, as a consequence,
therefore, thus, consequently,
hence, so, to result in, to cause, to
have an effect, to affect, the
cause of, the reason for, thereby
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
-It draws the reader’s attention
to similarities and differences.
-Shows how two or more
things are alike and/or how
they are different
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO?
DO THEY HAVE SIMILARITIES?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO?
DO THEY HAVE SIMILARITIES?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO?
DO THEY HAVE SIMILARITIES?
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Signal Words:
Same as, Similar, Alike, As well
as, Not only...but also, Both,
Instead of,
Either...or, On the other hand,
Different from, As opposed to
SEATWORK
____1. Shows how two or more
things are alike and/or how
they are different

____2. Starts with something

that needs to change, and then
proposes a solution or "fix".
____3. It shows how to do
something or make
something, or to relate a
series of events that
happen over time.
____4. It tells what
something is, to present an
item’s attributes or
properties, to show what an
item or place is like.
____5. It explains
why or how
something happened.
THANK YOU