Chapter 14, Section 1: Islam, A New Faith Name:____________

I. Arab Life - Beginning in the AD 630s, people called ______ created a new empire in SW Asia.
The driving force behind their empire was the religion of ______.
a. _______ is a huge wedge of land between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Very dry
plains and ______ cover most of the land. Water is only available at scattered springs and
water holes – called an ______.
b. Was surrounded by many different civilizations – the ___________ civilization to the
west, the _____________ & ________ civilizations to the north and east, and farther
north were the civilizations of the Israelites, Greeks, and _______.
c. Arabs were ______ who herded animals and lived in tents – called Bedouin.
d. Arabs formed _____ whose members were loyal to one another – leader called a _______.
e. Bedouin enjoyed camel and horse races and other games that improved their ______ skills.
f. Merchants carried goods by ______ across desert – for protection, made journeys in
________.
g. Most important town Mecca – town became a __________ of trade.
h. In the center of the city was the ______ - a low, block-like building surrounded by statues
of Arabian _____ & goddesses. Worshiped many deities, but most important was _____.
Arabs believed that a large _____ inside the Kaaba came from heaven.
II. Muhammad (M.) and his message - _______ increased contact between Arabs & civilizations
a. M. was born into a ___________ family in Mecca in 570. He was _______ at the age of 5
b. M. was troubled by things he saw around him, including the ________ of Mecca’s wealthy
citizens. He spent time alone praying in a _____ outside the city.
c. In 610, M. had a vision. Islam means “_______________ [to the will of Allah]”. In the
Arabic language, Allah is the word for “_____”
d. M. told people – they must destroy their _______ of fake gods
e. Preached people were ______ in God’s sight, & rich should ______ their wealth w/poor.
f. The first people to become _________, or followers of Islam, were M. family members.
g. In 622,they moved to Yathrib – departure became known as the _______. People accepted
M. as God’s propher – renamed city __________, which means the “city of the prophet”.
h. M established the foundation for an _________ ________
i. In a series of battles, M’s soldiers regained _______ and made it a holy city. When M died
in ____, the entire Arabian Peninsula was part of the Islamic state.
III. Beliefs and Practices of Islam - Likes Jews and Christians, Muslims are ____________ -
believe in _____ all-powered God
a. Believe God spoke to people through ______ - include Adam, Abraham, Moses, ______, &
M. M is seen as the ______ & the greatest of these prophets.
b. Written collection became the _______, or holy book of Islam.
c. The Quran provides guidelines for how to _____
HW Check
d. The Five Pillars are ______, ________, ______, _______, & _________
e. Over centuries, created a code of law called the ________ - Muslims may not game, eat
______, or drink ____________ beverages.
Chapter 14, Section 2: First reading (14-2A)
I. Founding an Empire: After M died in AD ____, a group of Muslim leaders chose a new type of
leader called the ______ or successor
a. 1st Four Caliphs were close ______ or ________ of M. Their military forces carried Islam
beyond the Arabian Peninsula – by 660s, included all of SW ______ & NE ________
b. Umayyads – governed from the city of __________ in Syria, ruled from From 661 to 750 .
Extended farther into _______ & ________.
c. Arabs Believed they had a _______ duty to spread Islam.
d. Byzantine and Persian rulers had tried to unite their peoples under an official ________ -
often _________ those who practiced other faiths. Many willing to accept Muslim rule
e. After Arabs gained control – they usually let peoples practice their own _______. As time
passed, many became Muslims and learned the _____ language.
f. Muslim warriors entered ______ from North Africa in early 700s – made the city of
_______ a center of Islam.
g. Ibn Rushd, also known as _________, practiced law and medicine – best known for writings
based on the works of the Greek philosopher ___________
h. In some schools, Muslims, ______, & Christians studied medicine and philosophy together
i. Jewish scholar, Solomon ben Gabirol, most famous book of ___________ - Well of Life
j. Moses Maimonides had to leave Spain at a very toung age because it was conquered by a
Muslim group that was not as ____________ of other cultures
k. Some Muslims used preaching - A group called ______ won followers by teaching Islam
l. Muslim _________ built trading posts throughout SE Asia and taught Islam there
m. Some Muslim merchants crossed the _______ to trade w/West Africa. In 1300s, the
West African city of __________ became a leadering center of Muslim culture/learning.
Read the paragraphs on Sunni and Shia (up to A New Dynasty) And put the following in the right box;
a) Most Muslims Sunni Shia
b) Most Iran and Iraq Muslims
c) Believe Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, rightful heir
d) All future caliphs are Ali’s descendants
HW Check
e) Umayyad caliphs no right to rule
f) Umayyad are rightful rulers
I. A New Dynasty - During 800s, opposition grew. Many non-Arab Muslims were angry Arab
Muslims had best _____ & paid lower _____. Discontent especially strong in Mesopotamia &
______, where _____ Islam was popular.
a. 750, rebelled, overthrew the Umayyads, and the _______ dynasty came to power till 1258
b. Made ________ their capital city. One of world’s most beautiful/prosperous ______
c. Under Abassid rule, enjoyed a _________ age. Appreciated ________ culture
d. Over time, territories broke free – In ______ & ______, Muslims set up own caliphs
e. 1055, Seljuks seized Baghdad. Took control of the gov’t, but allowed the Abbasid caliph to
manage ________ maters. The Seljuk ruler called himself ______
f. For 200 years, ruled. 1200s, people from Central Asia known as the _______ swept into
the empire. In 1258, they stormed into _______, killed more than ________ people.
Chapter 14-2 – Second reading (14-2B) Three Empires - Gunpowder Empires (409)
I. After Arab Empires, other ______ groups created own empires
a. Late 1200s, Turkish clans settled part of Asia Minor – called themselves ________ _____
Conquered much of the ___________ Empire. In 1453, the Ottoman ruler ________ II,
known as “The ____________” seized the Byzantine capital, _____________. The
Otomans renamed the city ___________ and made it their capital.
b. Ottomans then pushed into SE ________, SW ______, & North ______. Controlled much
of the ______________ region until the late 1500
c. The most famous Ottoman sultan was __________ - ruled during the 1500s. He was called
“The __________” because he organized Ottoman laws.
d. Because their empire was so large, the Ottomans ruled many peoples who practiced many
_______. _____ was the empire’s official religion, and Muslims enjoyed special privileges.
For example, non-Muslims had to pay a special ____ - then free to practice own religion
e. After Suleiman, the Ottoman Empire began to break down – finally crumbled in early ____
f. In 1501, a _____ leader named Ismail proclaimed himself _____ or king of Persia. Founded
the ________ dynasty, which ruled Persia until 1700s.
g. During 1500s, the ______ set up a Muslim empire in _____. Under _____, the Mogul
empire prospered – he allowed people to practice their religions. Later Mogul rulers,
however, persecuted ________ & Sikhs
h. Sikkhs practice the ______of Sikhism, which arose in the 1500s. Believe in ____ God.
Rely on one holy book. Today, is the world’s ______ largest religion

Chapter 14, Section 3: Life in the Islamic World (411)

I. Daily Life and Trade HW Check
a. Muslim merchants controlled trade in much of _____ & _____ from 700s-1400s. Caravans
traveled from ______ & Mesopotamia to ______.
b. Muslim trade flourished for several reasons – Muslims spread the religion of Islam along
with the _______ language. Muslim rulers helped traders by providing them with _____ to
use for buying & selling goods. Muslim merchants kept detailed _______ of their business
dealings & earnings – in time, practices created a new industry, ________.
c. Increased trade led to the growth of _______ throughout Islamic world.
d. The main buildings were _______ & palaces - Muslim houses of worship
e. Another important feature of every Muslim city was the ______ or marketplace.
f. Most Muslims, however, lived in villages and ________ the land.
g. Most of the productive land was owned by _______ landowners
h. People in Muslim world were divided into _____ groups based on their power & wealth
i. _______ was common in Muslim lands. Although they faced hardships, enslaved people had
some _______ under Islamic law – mothers & young children could not be separated, and
enslaved people could buy their ________
j. Men were in ______ of gov’t, society, & business. Women managed their ______ & houses
II. Muslim Contributions
a. In 830, Abbasid caliph founded the House of _______ in Baghdad. At this research
center, Muslim, Jewish, & Christian thinkers translated ______, Persian, & Indian works
into ______
b. From 700s-1400s, scholars in Muslim lands preserved _________ of the ancient world.
EUs had lost many ancient _______ writings. In ______, however, Jewish & Muslim
scholars translated some Greek writings into Arabic – when thesew ere translated into
______, western Eus learned about ancient Greek thinkers
c. Muslim ___________ studied the skies. Correctydescribed sun’s eclipses & proved that
the ______ affects ocean tides. Gave many _____ names that are still used today
d. Muslim astronomers improved the Greek _______ - used this tool to determine their
_______ at sea. Based on measurements, they confirmed that the Earth is ______
e. Muslims are considered the founders of ________
f. The Persian scholar al-_____________ invented ________. He and the Arab scholar Al-
Kindi borrowed the symbols __ through __ from Hindu scholars. These numbers were
passed on to EU – today, they are known as “_______ numerals”.
g. Arab doctors discovered that blood ___________, or moves, to & from the heart
h. Arabs created the first medical _______ & pharmacies
i. One of best known works is the _____________________ also called Arabian Nights -
__________ is one of the work’s well-known characters.
j. Another Muslim wrote the Rubaiyat, considered one of the finest ______ ever written
k. Opposed to ______ worship, Muslim leaders discoraged artists from creating images of
_______ creatures. Instead, Muslim ____ included designs entwined with flowers, leaves,
stars, & beautiful __________
l. The most prominent features of a ________ are its ______ - towers from which an
announcer calls Muslims to ________ 5 times a day.
m. One famous example of a Muslim palace is the __________ in Granada, Spain.
n. Another famous building is the ____ _______ in Agra, India. The Mogul ruler Shah Jahan
built it as a tomb for his _____.

HW Check