Chapter 9 Lesson 1 Name: __________________

(246) The other picture shows the national symbol of India. What animal is it? 2. __________
Lesson 1: Early Civilizations
I. Geography of India – The Indian _____________ is part of the continent of Asia.
a. India is ____________ from the rest of Asia by rugged mountain systems.
i. Mount ________ - the highest peak in the ___________
b. Plains owe their _____ soil to the three great rivers
c. West & east coast are lush ______ lands – the ________ Plateau is dry, __/rds of India
d. Seasonal winds called _________ have a large influence on India’s climate
e. During Winter, monsoon winds blow cold, ____ air from east to west across India
i. Summer monsoon blow west to east, bring warm, _____ air and pouring rains
f. can grow large amounts of food. But, very heavy rains sometimes cause _______.
g. If the rains come late, there may be a long dry period called a _______
II. Indus Valley Civilization. - The Indus Valley civilization is called the _______ of ancient India
a. Like early civilizations in ___________ & _____, developed near a river system
b. First settlements about 5000 years ago, in an area that is now _________
c. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa - Flourished between _____ BC and ______ BC
d. > than ______ citizens. Designed almost exactly ______. At west end of each city stood
a __________ built on a brick platform and surrounded by strong, thick _____
e. People used oven-baked ______ to build their houses
f. Large buildings stored ______ for entire population - Wells supplied water, and every
house had at least one indoor _________
g. Ruins show cities’ ______ palaces and ________ may have been enclosed in a fortress
h. Made and sold _______ and _______ tools, clay ______, and cotton cloth
i. Indus valley merchants traveled as far as ___________ to trade
III. Aryan Migrations and Settlements. - ~ _____ BC, people began to _______ their cities
a. Could be - Severe _____ that lasted for 100s of years, Earthquakes & ______ killed many
people, changed course of Indus River. Groups of people called ______ migrated to India
b. Aryan’s language family is known as ____________. Includes ______.
c. Lived in central Asia, but migrated to many places; _____, Iran, India. Raised _____ for
meat, milk, and butter. Expert _____ riders and hunters, as well as fierce warriors
d. From ~ _____ - _____BC, moved throughout India. Created a new ______ - became
farmers. . Eventually, saw herds as ______ and banned the use of cattle as _______.
a. Began to make ______ tools to clear forests, built irrigation systems.
b. Lived in tribes, each led by a _____, or prince
c. Developed a written language called _______. Hymns, stories, poems, prayers collected
into sacred texts called ______ .
I. Ancient Indian Society. - Four social classes of ancient India –
a. Brahmins were the______ , Kshatriyas were _______ who ran the government and army
b. The Vaisyas, or ________, were usually farmers, craftspeople and merchants. Below
Vaisyas came the Sudras, manual ______ and servants who had few rights.
c. Refer to varna system as a ______ system, where people remain in same group for life
d. Lowest level of society were the ___________ . Did work like collecting ____, skinning
animals, and carrying _____ bodies
e. men had _____ rights than women. a boy had a ____, or teacher, until he attended school
f. In India, parents arranged _________ for their children.
Chapter 9, Lesson 2: Religions of Ancient India
I. Hinduism - ______ largest religion, Developed from the faith of the _______.
a. Sacred writings called the Vedas, written down in _________.
b. A core belief of Hinduism is there is one universal spirit called _______
c. Ancient texts known as the ________; At death, ____ leaves body ^ joins with Brahman
d. Many different Deities; 3 most important; Brahma the _______, Vishnu the ________,
and Shiva the __________.
e. Belief in __________, or the rebirth of the soul. Strive for ______, the ultimate peace
f. Another idea known as ______, status is based on what they did in past ______
g. To earn a better existence, must follow _______, or personal duty,
h. Reincarnation made many Indians more __________ of the varna system
II. Rise of Buddhism - During 500s BC, some Indians felt _______ with the Hindus religion
a. Trained minds to focus, a training called _________.
b. One teacher was ______________, became known as the ______, founded _________
c. ____ Buddhists live in SE Asia & East Asia, only a ____ live in India, Buddhism’s birthplace
d. Siddhartha Gautauma was born around the year 563 BC. Grew up as a _____.
e. As a young man, had everything; he was ____, handsome, & happily married. One day left to
explore life of ______ people. 1st time - understood world was filled with ________
f. Siddhartha gave up all he had and became a ______
g. Felt one reason people ________ in life was they _____ too much about the wrong things
h. Four _____ ______ - believed would help people seek spiritual truth
i. Believed people can end suffering by following eight steps, the _________ _______
j. When people were finally free from all earthly concerns, they would reach ______
k. Buddhism spread because it welcomed people from ____ walks of life
l. Like Hindus, believe in ___________ , but in a different way; - end the cycle of _____ by
following the Eightfold Path rather than dharma
m. Many people accepted the Buddha’s message, especially ___________
n. After his death, Buddhists divided into ____ groups
o. Followers of ________ view the Buddha as a great teacher, not a ____ - spread into five
countries; Sri Lanka, Myanmar, _______ , Cambodia, Laos
p. Mahayana Buddhism - Teaches Buddha is a ____, Eightfold Path is too ________ for most
q. __________ are enlightened people who do not enter heaven, stay on earth to do Good
r. Mahayana Buddhism spread northward into _____, and from there to Korea and _____
s. Special kind arose in Asian country of _____ - Buddhist leaders called _____ led gov’t
t. Today, few Buddhists live in India. There are an estimated ____ million worldwidetoday.
II. Jainism - Arose about 500 BC. Today, there are __ million followers. Most live in India
a. Mahavira - Lived in India about the _____ time as Siddhartha Gautama
b. Like Siddhartha, came from a wealthy ______ family, gave up his wealth
c. Both taught that people needed to stop _______ worldly things, practiced strict poverty
d. The key value of Jainism is Ahimsa; means practicing ________ towards all living things.
Example; Used brooms to sweep away ______ so they would not step on them
e. Influenced culture; 1900s, leader Mohandas ______ wanted to free India from UK
f. In the US, Dr. Martin Luther King was able to use ________ to bring about great change
Chapter 9, Lesson Three: The Mauryan Empire
I. Origins - By 500s BC, India was divided into many small kingdoms. Open to foreign _______.
a. ______ armies conquered the Indus Valley. The Greeks, under _______ the Great, then
defeated the Persians. Turned back in ____ BC, when homesick troops threatened to rebel
b. ________________ built a strong army. In 321, he set out to conquer northern
c. Major achievement was an efficient _________ system
d. Powerful army _______ any resistance. Also used _____ to report any disloyalty.
e. Height of its glory under Chandra Gupta’s grandson, ______, from about 273 to 232
f. Began rule with fierce _____ of conquest. After one battle, looked at fields covered with
dead & wounded - Decided to follow _______ teachings and become a man of _____.
g. Made laws that encouraged people to do good deeds, practice ________, & respect
others. Created _______ for people & animals. Built fine _____, with rest _______.
h. First ruler to promote ________. Sent teachers to ________ religion throughout Asia
i. Had thousands of _____ built throughout India – Buddhist ______ shaped like a dome or
burial mound. Although he was a devout Buddhist, Ashoka was _______of all beliefs
j. India’s good roads helped it become the center of a large _____ _________.
k. Kings who came after Ashoka _______ his kindness and skills - _____ last was murdered
II. Gupta Empire - For ____ years, the small warring kingdoms fought one another
a. AD _____, the Gupta dynasty came to power. Chandra Gupta I had the ______ name as
the first ruler of the Mauryan dynasty.
b. Under his son, Suamudra Gupta, India entered a ______ age
c. Gupta rulers practiced the _______ religion like many of their subjects did
d. Merchants traded with ______ and lands in Southeast Asia and the _____________ area
e. _______ used the trade routes to _______ to holy sites
III. Culture in Ancient India –Vedas were among the first works written in the ______ language
a. The ____________ is an ancient religious epic - describes struggle to control a kingdom
b. best known section - ________ ____. The _____ does not want to fight because
members of his ________ are on the other side.
c. Krishna reminds the prince to obey his _____ as a warrior.
d. Ancient Hindus believed that ______ was a gift from gods
e. Most important structure were the rulers’ ________ & the ______ used for religion
f. Aryabata – first scientist to have used ________. Explained the idea of _______,
something without an end. Also invented symbol “__” & connected it with idea of nothing
g. Gupta developed symbols for the numbers ___ to ___ that we use today – Arab traders
adopted these, Europeans later borrowed– today known as _____-_____ numeral system
h. Astronmers – proposed the theory that the Earth was _____ & revolved around the ____
i. Doctors during the Gupta era were advanced - Could set broken bones, sew wounds, and
perform complicated _______.
j. Shushruta repaired damage noses in an early type of _______ surgery.