Class 12th -

CHEMISTRY
chats - Amines
Board Exam -2021

By : - Bharat Panchal
( chemistry Guruji 2.0)
St Name
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↳
 Amines
By Bharat Pancha /Sir . .

These are alkyl or

aryl derivatives of Ammonia

H-iii-ier.in?-Hr-niR-ier-ni-r
Ammonia tiamine 2. amine Famine

Structure Of Amines
Ñ Structure -

trigonal pyramidal
A-
N☒iÑr 3 Bond

Hybrid . -7 Sps
Pair -11 lone Pair

•
Nomenclature
CHz-CHy.CH, NHL 1- amine
-

Propan -

CH
; NH CH CH N
Metnylethanamine
-
- -

, ,

Aniline Hs 2- Amino toluene

NCERT Ques .

p.Y.cl
(12-2016)
c.
,B€FBr 2,46 -

Tribromo
aniline
b.

C)
CHIN Ctf CH3(A-
-

)
-

I -2013

CH
,

N,N -
Dimethyl
ethan amine

C) CH __ CH -
CH - NH -2014
, ,

£113
But -3 en - -
2- amine .

Preparation of Amines :>

:(z.iq?YJM
•

-
Reduction of Nitro compounds -

R NO
-

, ±É
Pd
R -

MHz
or
H2 /
FH
gigs
,

s
re / HI
aniline
Nitrobenzene

-
Reduction of Amides →

R - É -
NH
,
NÉE R Ctf
- -

NH
,
¥4115 -
OH
/ Na
 MHz É→ Ctf MHz
↳ Hs
§ ↳ Hs
-
- -

Youtube -

Chemistry Guruji 2.0

Hoffmann Brom amide

•

Degradation
Trick -

Baby art Base utici £1

^→ R MHz
R-CO-NHgl-B.rs -14 KOH
-

-2K Br
-

Kzcoz -

21120

↳ Hs -
CO -

NH , + Bra -14 KOH ↳ Hs - NH

,
2K Bo
-211,0
-

Propanamide
,
Ethan amide
Kzcoz
-

• Gabriel phthalimide synthesis : -

Trick -
stoat Basement I r ✗ -
out
tho UTÑI I

EI-EF-ni-T-iion-EI.EE :niÉ+ñ -

110
-
✗
¥ .

¥-8
R-NHzp.FR
NR -12110 → +

Aromatic 1. amines can't be prepared by this

method because aryl halides do not undergo
nucleophilic sub with the anion .
formed by
pnthalimide .

• Reduction of Nitriles :
-

R -

CEN + ACH] É→ R CH NH, -

,
-

GHS -
CEN + in] É ↳ Hs Ctf MHz -
-
•
Hoffmann Ammonolysis of Alkyl Halide

1- R X R N H + R X R N R 1- R X
H N H ¥
-
- - - -
- -
- -

t.FR?L-Rqoam-ine-7pean-ieueH-N-HtGHs--U-TkeGHs-
te te
ie1
-
N -
H + ↳ Hs U -

The
4
thiamine .

The ↳ Hs
N ↳ ↳ Hs U Nl
↳ Hs
Hsh
+
↳ Hs
-
-
- -
-

emits &H Eam

Physical Properties of Amines : -

Physical State : -

lower amines are

gases and
liquids
but higher amines are solids .
The lower aliphatic
amines are with fishy odour
gases
.

Aryl amines are

usually colourless
but coloured
get on
storage due to atmospheric
oxidation .

Solubility : -

Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in

water because they can form H -
Bond with water
in

Npi
'

o
-
H
-
- -

o -

H -
-
-

in -

H -
-
- -
u

H R is

Primary and Secondary amines are soluble in

due ze amines
water to H
bonding arewhile
-

insoluble in water .
 -

The
solubility decrease with increase in size
of hydrophobic alkyl part .

P.FR is less
The solubility of amines than that

of alcohol
of comparable molecular mass
because alcohols are more polar than amines
and form stronger H - Bond .

By -
Bharat Panchal Sir
Point
Boiling
-

The order of b.pt isomeric amines

1° amines > 20 amines > 3 amines
'

④ 3° amines have intermolecular

do not H
Boding
-

because no H -

is attached to N -
atom .

④ 1° amines hair maximum amount of H

Bonding
-

because two H - atoms are attached to N atom -

.

mm
Ñasic
Character of Amines}
Lunch menu
→ Amines are basic in nature due to the presence
lone
of pair of eo on
nitrogen atom .

→
Aliphatic amines stronger bases
are than ammonia
due to +I
effect of Alkyl group .

→ Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia

to
due I
effect or
Ange group
-

→ Besides inductive effect , effects like

steoié effect , solvation effect , resonance
effect also affect the basic
strength of amines .
 Amines are basic in nature and seats with
acids to form salts .

R -
ÑH✗ → B- Ñ①HsX°
Ammonium salt .

Order of basic character of amines in

gaseous phase
→

C Acc .
to +I effect ]

3° amines > amines > Famines 7MHz

'
2
R
R - NF :
7 R - N :
> R -
Ñ :
> a-
Ñ :
' '
'
r
n n he

However in aqueous phase : -

There is subtle
interplay of Inductive effect, steric effect and
solvation effect

(yMe¥¥ @ ↳ Ctf )

@ Hs)
2
e
-

NH > ¢1S CHIN >

30
CH
,

le
CH Nn
, ,
> Mtg

,
NH 7 CH, -
NU
,
> ¢11BN > MHz
20 10 30

Resonance in Aniline
⑦ ④ NH
11MHz ,
"
:* → →

③
?⃝
•
Carbylamine
- --
Reaction
nm

R NH
-

,
+ CHU, -13 KOH ^→ R NIC -13 KU -

-13110
→^
↳ Hs NH + CHU, -13 KOH ↳ Hs Nc
-131<6+3110
- -

-
NH -1 CHU, -13 KOH →A - NC +3 KU -1311,0
,

EEEnwdzfrignanddeage-t-i.is?snaYancndR-NH
,
+ CH
,
-

MGI → Cha + R NU
- -

MGI
PENH +
cuz -

MGI → CHA t
Rs -
N -

Mg I

cgtf-I-NU.mgl-P.T.RS
NH -1
↳ Hs Mg I →
- -

Tertiary amines do not react with

Grignard
reagents as
they do not contain
active

H-atoms.ALCYLATIONLDG.us
-

NII -14115
-
Br -8 ¢211s? -

NH

+ GHS -

Br
¥ ,
¢2115bn +4115 -
Br

¢211s ↳ Nt Br Tetra ethyl ammonium bromide

-

-
-

NH, + CHI ↳ cHzI →

-
NH -

Ctf +

^→
Nfc Hs ) ,
+ Ctf I
-
Nt @
HII
 Acylation
'

NH
Nth +
-

con → -
co
☒ +116
-

CHS -
NH
,
+ ☒ cod → CHINH -

-17 + HCl
-

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction -7

Immune
-

Brominate
] on -

MHz
¥1k
%-
"
# +311 Br
¥ 1- 3. Bra
'
Br

P.FR For monobsomi nation treat aniline with

,
acetic anhydride @ the 0120
MH2 H RI COCH,
MU COCH}
É
-

""
-

, 3B¥ 4¥ +
Br
CHGCOOH
-

+ Hao ± ¥ Br

'
Br

dis Nitration

i ÉÉ+É¥mg+É%ⁿ%
-

Ei
Pyridine '
NO, @ %) @7- %) (2% )

E% É%"÷%:Et÷:E%
↑/Hcoctg 1^144
pyridine
02 .

GeB@0G-oBharatPaneha1-ChemistryGuruji2.o
?⃝
 NIE Sul phonation
H2
→ ʰ
" "£

-455.475$
¥43
Aniline
-11150-
Anilinium
¥
Hydrogen Sulphate 505
' twitter ion )
↑ H2

son

Hinsberg Test ( benzene sulbhonyl Chloride

so ce ( Hinsberg ]
-
)
,
Reagent
I Amines
☒ Sog -

Cl -111N R - → -

so
,
- NH R -
( soluble in alkali )

stamina
2 Amines
'

-502cL + HN Ra →
-

SO
-

NR Cinsobk in alkali )
, ,

Qeamine
3. Amines

soil + N -
R] → No Reaction
3◦Am_ine

P.t.RO Frieda craft

because it form
Rxn are not
salt with anhy
possible for
.
Alas
that is in
used as
catalyst the reaction .

É Aids due to
(charge
+ we

→ Akers → it act
as
strong deactivating
920Wh)
µ@B⑨②@ Panchal Chemistry Guruji
.

Bharat -
2.0
?⃝
DIAZONIUM SALT -

Diazonium salts are written

as R Mix where
-

R =
aryl group
✗
-

ion can be CIT BT HS Oci and

,
Bfi
Nat group is called diazonium salt
Mia
-

Hsoñ
e.g
,
↳ benzene diazonium benzene diazonium
↳
chloride hydrogen sulbhate

STABILITY OF DIAZONIUM SALT

Arenediazonium salts
are stable than the alkyl diazonium salts
more .
This can
be accounted on the basis
of 1- R effect

Preparation ( Diazotization Rxn -

)
N=N Ll-

€ᵗʰ+ NANO
,
-12ha F + Nall -12110

Diazonium salts are prepared and used only in

an
aqueous solution because in solid state
they explode
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Benzene diazonium chloride is a
colourless crystalline solid and is readily soluble
in water It is stable in cold water but reacts
.

with water when warmed It also decomposes easily .

in the dry state .

•
Benzene diazonium fluoro borate is water insoluble
and stable at room temperature .

CHEMICAL REACTION -

cut Hs Port
,
+ N< ↑ + Hypos + HU
CHIH
+ N, + HCl + CHINO
cuBrM%
¥, + Ma

]
sand Meyer

CUUIHU Reaction
.

, +µ,

É¥
"

KCN
us

/
, ¥%¥+n + Nz

.
Galtesmann
R"

% nitrite)+
"
c. benzo
KI
> f + N, -1 KU
if
↑2CBFd
_

H Bfa
-
HU
>
Bak Schliemann
-
, ¥1
Ren

↑
Hi/ Has "
> HU
,

+ N2 -1
Boiling
?⃝
 AZO DYE TEST

¥7 Nil + H -1¥ -

OH IF -

Nz -5-7 OH
-

b-hydroxy azobenzene
C orange]
-
Nill -1 H -

☒ -
NH → FINE -

NH
,

b- amino benzene
Cyellow )
USES OF DIAZONIUM SALT
→
Diazonium salts
Ceg benzene diazonium chloride )
can be used for the production of dyes and
are thus used in paints and
pigment industry .

→
They are also very useful for synthesis ing many
reagents

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