SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

A. Reading from a Manuscript

This kind of speech delivery requires the speaker to prepare/ write his speech ahead of time for the
occasion. It is usually speaking in broadcasting over the radio, school reports, presenting seminar papers
or research. It deprives the audience with eye contact but gives less worries for the speaker (fear of
forgetting important details). Because the speech is read, there might be a situation of boredom and loss
of attention. To avoid such, an oral reader should have a dry run / practice on the requisites of proper
reading in front of an audience. Using hand gestures, eye movements and facial expressions is also
necessary. In addition, Itis a must for the reader to maintain the vocal clarity of the quality of facilities
used the delivery.

B. Memorized Speech
This kind of speech delivery is not always advantageous. This may result to forgetting and loss of
more realistic expression of the ideas of the speech. It must assured that the speaker has memorized the
speech word for word. There might also be a fear of feedback from the audience due a controlled flow of
ideas.
C. Impromptu Speech
An impromptu speaker is deprived of ample time to prepare for his speech. He
organizes his thoughts right before the actual delivery. The speech is composed even during the delivery.
The speaker is expected to possess self-confidence which is enough to sustain the time required for the
speech delivery.
D. Extemporaneous Speech
The extemporaneous speaker should be very knowledgeable in organizing his ideas in a very limited
time. He prepares an outline of the given topic and ready to expound on the details while delivering the
speech. He can always adjust to the reactions of his audience, whether they understand him or not.
The speaker should have an ample stock of appropriate words to avoid gaps during the delivery.
Such delivery must be spontaneous and naturally appealing.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH

DELIVERY
Effective Speech Delivery:
 Makes full use of both the visible and audible codes.
Posture, movement, gesture, and facial expression comprise the visible code,
while voice which is transformed into language is the audible activity. Communication becomes more
emphatic and meaningful with adequate use of both codes. The speaker’s voice can stress significant
ideas through variations in intensity, duration, and pitch.
Emotional texture maybe conveyed by means of proper pausing and stressing, modification of timbre and
changes in pitch.

 Is adapted to the total speaking situation.

To make a speech effective, one has to bear in mind always four major components of the speaking
situations, namely, : the audience, the occasion, the subject, and the speaker. The speaker’s adaptation to
the audience necessitates his knowledge of the kind of listeners he will have including his intellectual,
academic and cultural background, age group, sex, occupation, interests and special groups represented,
size of audience. What the audience knows about the speaker and its attitude towards him and what the
audience knows about the subject and its corresponding attitude help a lot in the preparation of the
speech. The kind of occasion should be considered also in preparing for a speech delivery. Formal
occasions call for formal speeches characterized by solemnity and dignity in the same manner that
informality in a speech is preferable if the occasion is an informal one. For example, speeches at rallies
and campaigns are addressed with more relaxness and informality; convocations, seminars and
conferences have more formal speeches.
The subject of a speech influences the kind of delivery in such a way that an
informative speech has to be rendered more slowly, distinctly and with much life. On the other hand, a
speech designed to entertain is to be delivered with more
informality and with a generous use of the visible and audible activities. The speech to persuade needs
more sincerity and directness. It should be noted nevertheless that a speech can be a conglomeration of
information, entertainment, and persuasion, in which case the speaker has to be very flexible in the use of
voice, gesture, and movement.

Audience expectations vary according to the speakers. Young speakers are

expected to be more informal and have more verve than older ones, female speakers have softer voices,
more restraint in delivery, and less bodily movement. Teachers, preachers, medical doctors and other
professionals exercise more formality and restraint than others coming from different trades and
occupations.

 Is sincere.
The sincere speaker believes in what he is saying, his values play an important
interaction with the audience. The more reputable the speaker is, the more credibility
there is between him and the audience.
  Is modest and unassuming.

Modesty is an asset to a speaker. The over confident speaker may only invites
audience indifference and repulsion. Hence, the speaker must avoid display of intellectual
superciliousness and too much superiority over the audience.

 Is confident and assured.

While a little amount of nervousness is necessary so that the speaker will do his
best, it is important that nervous tension should be controlled through preparedness,
physical exercises, and exposure to constant public speaking.

 Does not attract attention to itself.

The speaker should avoid distracting mannerisms, outlandish attire, and over
resonant voice in order that the audience would be attracted to what he is
communicating and not to what he is doing or wearing.

 Is enthusiastic and animated.

The speaker must be full of life and this happens most especially when he believes
in his own ideas and is desirous of sharing such ideas with the listeners.