CHAPTER 4

PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
MODELS
• Milestone Schedule
• Work Break Down Structure(WBS) & Organization
Breakdown Structure (OBS)
• GANTT chart (horizontal bar chart)
• Network System (Network Diagram)
 1. Milestone Schedule
• Indicate the main phases or activities of the project
(tasks/events) with start and finish dates
November December
Time

Tasks 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Complete the Communication plan

and POSM
Make Documents to ask for
approval to submit the government
Organize the Press Conference to
announce the project
Examine online and offline
communication
Recruit and train volunteers

…
Milestone 1 Complete the Communication plan and POSM

Milestone 2 On air - the Press Conference to announce the project

Milestone 3 Recruit and train volunteers

 2. Work Break Down Structure (WBS)
• The work breakdown structure diagram describes the
entire work of the project, assigns specific tasks to
each management level, clearly outlines the
responsibilities and powers of each working group, and
evaluates the time and cost to complete the project,
complete the assigned work.
• Steps to build a work breakdown structure:
i. Divide the project into large chunks of work based
on the end goal.
ii. Analyze and break down each piece of work into
tasks, these tasks are divided into more detailed
activities.
iii. Put tasks into task groups.
iv. Review and present the structure.
• Organisation Breakdown Structure (OBS): This represents a
hierarchy of the company managing the project. By linking the
OBS with the WBS, this will identify who is responsible for
performing the work packages .
• The OBS could contain any of the following sub-divisions
üDepartment or discipline
üContractor or supplier
üProject team or person.
PRACTICE ON YOUR PROJECT

• Work on your project, make the milestone

schedule, OBS and WBS
3. Critical Path Method with Network
System (Network Diagram)
• Critical path method uses the methods of sequential organization,
parallel organization, and chain organization.
• The critical path method uses a directed graph network in graph
theory to organize work activities and tasks in a project in the form
of a network diagram.
• This project management focuses on capturing one or more
project-wide chains of time-critical (determining) tasks, which are
called critical path, for project time management (schedule
management).
• The network diagram may be defined as a graphical
presentation of the project’s activities showing the planned
sequence of work. In its simplest form only two items of
information are required:
üList of activities
üLogic constraints, also called logical links, logical
dependency or logical relationships between the activities
How to build network diagram?

• You have to decide

üwhat activities must be done before?
üwhat activities can be done at the same time?
üwhat activities can be done next?
• Assign duration for each activity.
Code TASKS Only possible Duration Number of
After (day) person in
charge
A Brief the project big - 5 1
idea and concept
B Research & Analyze - 5 1
Buz Situation and
market place
C … B 4 1
D … A 7 1
E D 3 1
F A 5 1
K D 7 1
G E 3 1
H E 2 1
CODE TASKS Only possible Duration (day) Number of RESERVE DAYS
PRACTICE after person in
charge

A Brief the - 1 1 8
project big
idea and
concept
B Research & - 8 2 7
Analyze…
C - 8 3 0
D C 7 4 0
E A 7 1 13
F A 6 1 8
G F, B, D 11 4 0
H E 5 1 13
K C 4 1 14
Critical Path: 26 days
TASKS POSSIBLE NUMBER OF DURATION
AFTER PERSON IN (DAY)
CHARGE

C
7
F
• Activity float, also called slack, is a measure of flexibility, or
inherent surplus time in an activity's scheduling. This indicates
how many working days the activity can be delayed or
extended before it will effect the completion date of the project
or any target finish dates (milestones).
• Float is calculated by either of the two equations.
üFloat = Late Start (Latest date the activity can begin) - Early
Start (Earliest date the activity can begin)
üFloat = Late Finish - Early Finish
CODE TASKS ONLY NUMBER OF WEEKS FLOAT
POSSIBLE PERSON-IN- (RESERVED
AFTER CHARGE WEEKS)

A --- - 1 1 8
B --- - 2 8 7
C === - 3 8 0
D C 4 7 0
E A 1 7 13
F A 1 6 8
G F, B, D 4 11 0

H E 1 5 13
K C 1 4 14
4. GANTT CHART
How to create Gantt chart in project management
• Step 1: Determine the required tasks
• Step 2: Identify the relationships among tasks: which jobs
are the basis for the other jobs, how they affect the other
jobs, arrange them in sequence, or parallelly
• Step 3: Present the Gantt chart
• Step 4: Update project management progress
• Some tasks are not on the critical path à we can
move within the allowable limit without affecting the
project completion time. Therefore, we can arrange
these jobs by early start or late start.
• https://mdo.com.vn/blog/4-cach-ve-so-do-gantt-de-dang-nhanh-gon:-
trong-excel-microsoft-project-canva-va-phan-mem-quan-ly-cong-viec
• https://www.pace.edu.vn/tin-kho-tri-thuc/so-do-gantt
• https://clickup.com/blog/free-gantt-chart-software/