QAMAR-E-BANI HASHIM HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL (23-24)

Ions, Radicals and valancies

Subject: Science Grade: VIII
No. of Days: 3-4 days Duration of Period: 50 mins

Objectives:
1. Define ions
2. Define types of ions
3. Explain positively and negatively charged nature of the particles and describe the changes in the size
of cations and anion
4. Explain atom is neutral particle while an ion is charged particle
5. Differentiate between atom and ion
6. Explain reasons and way to form ions
7. Explain the concept of valencies
8. Describe duplet and octet rule
9. Classify cations and anions on the basis of periodic table
10. Identify types of ions in the following substances/formulas (H2O....etc)
11. Define radicals; identify different types of radicals e.g OH, CO3 etc
Resources:
 LED  Picture of ORS ingredients  Texts and Worksheets
Audio-Visuals:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axWb_yS3Y_I
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900dXBWgx3Y
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UinagAaUxOU

Interactive Websites:
 https://www.nagwa.com/en/worksheets/493174894808/
Engage: (15 minutes)

Ask learners: You may have heard about your mother telling
you to drink oral rehydration salts when you are experiencing diarrhea
to replenish the ions your bodymayhave lost. Have you ever
wondered what the things that your bodymayhave list? Or whatare
theseoral rehydration salts contain that prevent you from
beingdehydrated every time you are havinga severe case of diarrhea?
Youmayhave also seensome electronic gadgets that shows Li-ion on
their batterypacks. What does Li-ion mean?

(stdsmayremember the concept of ions fromprevious grades. Tr needs to probe stds towards definition of ions.)

Announcement of Topic: Ions, Radicals and

Valencies

Recall: AV-Aids (Pre-questions: whyion is charge particle) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axWb_yS3Y_I

MS. FAKHRA KHATOON 1

 QAMAR-E-BANI HASHIM HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL (23-24)

Feedback: tr will ask questions about charge of atom, ions and why ions are formed.

MS. FAKHRA KHATOON 2

 QAMAR-E-BANI HASHIM HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL (23-24)

Stds will solve Ex #1 of worksheet.

Explore: (30 minutes)

DART:

Stds will read the text about ions, radicals and Valencies. Feedback: what is ion? Why atom formsion? How both
aredifferent? Whatrules are followed when atom gain/lose electrons? Whatare radicals? How radicals are different from
ions?

Read thegiven text and answer the following questions.

1. Write down at least 2 differences between atom and ion.

2. Whatrules atom follow to become ion.
3. Write down at least 3 differences betweenion and radicals.

Name of element Electronic structure Valency Name of element Electronic structure Valency
Sodium ( Z=11) Chlorine ( Z=17)
Oxygen ( Z=8) Beryllium ( Z=4)
Aluminum ( Z=13) Phosphorous ( Z=15)
4. Define valencyand completethe following table

Explain: (30 minutes)

AV-Aids: (Pre-question: whyions are formed?) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900dXBWgx3Y

Feedback: tr will ask questions about why ions are formed, what is electronic structure. What is valence
shell. What is valence electron. Which groups in periodic table form cations and anions. Do metals gain or
lose electroncs. Do non-metals gain or lose electroncs. Stds will solve Ex #2 of worksheet.

Evaluate: (30 minutes)

Stds will solve the worksheet #2.

Extend: (15 minutes)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UinagAaUxOU

Feedback: what are radicals? How radicals are different from ions. Name few radicals.

MS. FAKHRA KHATOON 3

 QAMAR-E-BANI HASHIM HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL (23-24)
THE LEARNING HOUSE
Subject: Science
Worksheet
Class: VIII
Ions, Radicals and Valences

Ex: Draw neutral atom in 2nd column. Then in the 3rd column remove or add electrons based on given rule:
 If there are less than 4 electrons in valence shell, remove electrons to complete its valence shell.
 If there are more than 4 electrons in valence shell, add electrons to complete its valence shell.

Element Draw neutral Draw added/removed Chrage Cation/anion Size of ion

atom electrons (use colors) more/less than
neutral atom
Hydrogen
(Z = 1)

Helium
(Z = 2)

Lithium
(Z = 3)

Beryllium
(Z = 4)

Boron
(Z = 5)

Carbon
(Z = 6)

Nitrogen
(Z = 7)

Oxygen
(Z = 8)

Flourine
(Z = 9)

Neon
(Z = 10)

Home Task: Draw the same table for following elements in copy.

1. Sodium 2. Magneisum 3. Aluminium 4. silicon 5. Phosphorous

6. silphur 7. Chlorine 8. Argon 9. Potassium 10. Calcium
3
QAMAR-E-BANI HASHIM HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL (23-24)