PROGRAMES D’ACTIVITAT FÍSICA I SALUT

Glossary of key concepts:

Physical activity, Sedentary
behaviour and Health

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i Esport FETEP

 To start…

Make 4 groups.

Open the activity “Subgroup A/B – Definitions” on the virtual

campus.

Discuss with your group the definition of each concept.

Then write down your definition in the shared word according to
your group.
 Activity 2
Keeping the 4 groups…

Each group should have to explain the following concepts to

the rest of the class.

Group 1 – Health and determinants of health

Group 2 – Public health
Group 3 – Lifestyle
Group 4 – Physical activity, physical inactivity, exercise,
fitness and sedentarism
 Health:
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
WHO, 1947

Determinants of Health:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Yb3B75eqbo&t=5s

The main determinants of health. Source: Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991)

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP
 Public health

“The art and science to promote health, prevent disease and

prolong life expectancy through the efforts of society”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_eWESXTnic

Acheson Report, London, 1988

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Lifestyle:

“Lifestyle is a way of living based on identifiable patterns of behaviors

which are determined by the interplay between an individual’s personal
characteristics, social interactions and socioeconomic and
environmental living conditions.”

q Smoking
q High alcohol intake
q Physical inactivity
q Sedentary behavior (sitting too much)
q Long or short sleep duration
q Poor diet

WHO, 1998; Ding 2015

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Lifestyle/Health Behaviour Risk Factors

(HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.82–2.06)

Smoking

(HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29– 1.38)

Lifestyle risk
factors

(HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.07– 1.15) (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.27–1.36)

Physical
inactivity
(HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.66–1.77)

(Ding et al. 2015)

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Physical activity is defined as any body movement produced by the
contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure
above (<1.5MET).

Sedentary behavior is any waking behavior characterized by an

energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), while in a
sitting, reclining or lying posture.

Owen et al. 2009, Riddoch & McKenna, 2003; Caspersen et al. 1985

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

Exercise is defined as “physical activity that is planned, structured,
repetitive, and purposive in the sense that improvement or
maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is the
objective”

Physical Fitness: A set of necessary qualities that relate to the ability

of people to make physical activity.

Qualities related to motor Qualities related to health

skills
- Aerobic capacity
• Agility - Muscle strength
• Coordination - Muscular endurance
• Velocity - Flexibility
• Balance - Body composition
Caspersen et al. 1985; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

Differences between physical inactivity & sedentary behaviour

Sedentary VS Physical
behaviour inactivity

Sitting for too long without Not doing enough

breaking sitting time: Watching moderate-to-vigorous
TV? Playing computer games?... physical activity

Sedentary Bheaviour Research Network, 2012

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 https://www.coursera.org/lecture/get-active/what-is-physical-activity-CyvKV

Owen et al. 2009, Riddoch & McKenna, 2003; Caspersen et al. 1985

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Vigorous Physical Activity (>6 METS)
High intensity exercise: Breathing hard, sweating.
e.g. running, fast cycling etc.
Physical Activity Intensity

Moderate physical activity (3 - 5.9 METS)

You may sweat, but you are still able to carry on a conversation.
e.g. fast walking, heavy gardening, swimming etc.

Light physical activity (< 3 METS)

e.g. light housework, strolling.

Sedentary Time (< 1.5 METS)

e.g. Sitting Watching TV, Reading a Book, STANDING ACTIVITIES.

Basal Metabolic Rate (1 METS)

e.g. The moment the wake in the morning.

Watch this video to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ANsRhR8fHE

learn about physical
Owen et al. 2009, Riddoch & McKenna, 2003; Caspersen et al. 1985
activity intensities
FETEP
 Light 1.5 - 3.0 METs Moderate 3.0 – 6.0 METs Vigorous >6.0 METs

These are some

examples of physical
activities at different
intensities Adpated from Ainsworth et al. 2000
Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP
 Active living is a broader concept that incorporates exercise,
recreational activities, household and occupational activities, and
active transportation.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKslI5xSETc Sallis et al. 2006

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 What can we do as GCAFE within the
physical activity and health field?

Physical Activity prescription

&
Physical Activity promotion

"Process in which physical activity is recommended

through a systematic and individualized design to each
person"
Skinner, 1993

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 ®
ACTIVITAT FÍSICA
Departament de Salut

"3 times / week before meals"

If you want to improve health by doing physical activity,

refer to your PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROFESSIONAL (GCAFE)

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Who can we prescribe PA to improve
health?

Amateur athletes to prevent

injuries

Patients with
diseases

Apparently healthy people with

inactive and/or sedentary lifestyles Balke, 1974
Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP
 Patients with diseases: Physical activity programs as therapy

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

Apparently healthy people who are inactive and/or sedentary & amateur
athletes: Physical activity programs as prevention and improvement of
quality of life (QoL)

35 Kenyan nomads

30 London civil
25 servants

20
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130
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150
160
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systolic bp

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Interventions of GCAFE in physical
activity and health
• Rehabilitation and functional recovery of injured athletes or
general population

– Maintaining the fitness level during injury

– Prepare the person to the previous fitness level
– Introduce the technical elements of the sport, the most frequently
performed gestures during work or in everyday involving the area of injury

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Interventions of GCAFE in physical
activity and health
• Physical activity prescription & promotion:

– Integrate PA into daily life and help people to increase light, moderate
and/or vigorous PA levels and reduce SB among population.

PREVENTION or QoL TREATMENT

McKenna & Riddoch, 2003

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Where can we prescribe PA?

Geriatrics Sport centres

In communities

Fitness centres/clubs Schools

Work setting
Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP
 Where can we prescribe PA?

Lesiure centres Councils

PA consultors

University
Medical centers

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 https://www.consejo-colef.es/post/comunicado-competencias-sanidad

29/10/2019

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

https://www.consejo-colef.es/post/illes-balears-servicio-salud

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09/06/2023

Ciències de l’Activitat Física i esport FETEP

 Think about…

What have you learnt today?

In your own words, what do you think GCAFES can do to
improve people’s health? Write down a few examples.

What is that I don't understand? Make a list and ask to

the lecturer on the weekely small group tutorial