POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

Mechanical Engineering Department

LAB SHEET

Programme Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Course Code DJJ40163-Mechanics of Machines

Title Balancing of Multiple Mass in Single Plane

LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO):

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:-
1. Apply the fundamental of mechanics of machines to solve related problems in the
theoretical and graphical aspects. (C3, PLO1)
2. Analyze problems related to the mechanics of machines in relation to the
theoretical aspects. (C4, PLO2)
3. Perform experiments in groups according to the Standard Operating Procedures. (P4,
PLO5)

ACTION NAME & DESIGNATION SIGNATURE DATE

Prepared by:

Checked by:

Approved by:
EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this laboratory, students should be able to:
1. Perform experiments and write appropriate reports related to mechanics of machine.
2. Use appropriate apparatus for the experiment
3. Conduct experiment on:
a) Balancing in same plane
4. Analyze experiment data and discuss the results

THEORY:
In most of the machineries, rotating components are very common. For any given rotating
component, it is required that the centre of gravity coincide with the axis of rotation. However, this
may not always the case due to various factors such as manufacturing defects, wear and tear,
environmental conditions, addition of parts etc., and causing eccentricity. The eccentricity results
in vibrations within the component and may finally cause failure. This eccentricity in the rotating
component is considered to be unbalance in force and moment, and needs to be balanced by
additional forces and moments leading to minimum vibration.
The balancing of rotating mass in single plane along the length of a shaft is a particular case
of unbalance. An experiment is carried out to calculate additional mass required for balancing the
unbalanced force and their angular position. The purpose of the experiment is to take an
unbalanced system with rotating masses and adjust the radius of the outer mass, calculate the mass
and angular position in order to achieve a balanced system.
Consider four masses of magnitude m1, m2, m3 and m4 at distance of r1, r2, r3 and r4 from the
axis of the rotating shaft. Let , , and be the angles of these masses with horizontal line
ox, as shown in left hand side figure. Let these masses rotate about the axis through O and
perpendicular to the plane of paper, with a constant angular velocity of rad/sec.

The amount of balanced mass is the resultant of square root of sum of square of horizontal and
vertical forces, which is acting in plane.

So, the magnitude of resultant centrifugal force

The sum of horizontal component of centrifugal force

The sum of vertical component of centrifugal force

Resultant force vector making inclination with horizontal, which is equals to

The magnitude of balancing centrifugal force is equal to magnitude of resultant centrifugal force
and direction is opposite to the resultant centrifugal force.

APPARATUS: Balancing of Multiple Mass in Single Plane Simulator (Virtual Labs)

Click here:
https://dom-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/dynamics-of-machine/exp/multiple-mass-in-single-
plane/simulation.html
PROCEDURES:

Follow these procedure steps on the simulator

1. In simulation window top of two masses rotating on a shaft is displayed.

2. There are pointers given on right side of the screen for choosing the values of input
variables, viz., two unbalanced masses on the shaft (m1, m2), their radii of rotation (r1, r2)
and relative angular position (theta1). After setting these variables, it is required to move
on to the next pane by clicking on navigation button at the bottom right corner.
3. After moving on to the next pane, the radius and positions of the balancing masses have to
be entered by adjusting the slider. After setting the values, it is required by the user to
calculate the values of balancing mass.

4. Click on submit to submit the results and press play/pause button to pause the simulation.
 5. Compare analytically calculated results and the error in the result with the
simulation results, displayed in the bottom of the simulator page.

RESULT:
Draw mr polygon. The closing vector gives the mr value for the balance weight and its angular
position. Enter calculated value and compare to value with simulator.
Note: Students may also use analytical method to identify the balancing weight and angular
position.

DISCUSSIONS:
Discuss the error between calculated value and simulator value.

CONCLUSION:
Conclude the practices

REFERENCES:
List all of the references