Solid and structural mechanics 1

Tutorial 1

1. A railway is laid so that there is no stress in the rails at 30 oC. The rail are 30m long.
a. Calculate the stress in the rails at -6 oC if all contraction is prevented. Ans 64.3MPa
b. if however there is 6mm allowance for contraction per rail, what is stress at -6 oC. (Take
E=206Gpa and α=12X10-6/ oC.) Ans 18.5Mpa
2. Show that volumetric strain of a rectangular body subject to axial load P is given by ɛ (1-2ʋ)
3. Given that a steel bar 2m long ,20mm wide and 15mm thick is subjected to a tensile load of30KN
.Find the increase in volume if poisons ratio is 0.25 and young modulus is 200Gpa .
4. A load of 270KN is carried bya short concrete column 250mmX250mm in size. The column is
reinforced with 8 bars of 16mm diameter .Find the stresses in concrete and steel ,if the modulus
of elasticity for the steel is 18 times that of concrete.

If the stress in concrete is not to exceed 5Mpa .find the area of steel required so that the column
may carry a load of 500KN

Ans Stress steel 54Mpa stress concrete 3Mpa Area steel 2206mm2
5. Two parallel wall 6m apart are stayed together by steel rod 25mm diameter passing through
metal plates and nuts at each end.The nuts are tightened home, when the rod is at temperature
of 100 degree Celsius .Determine the stress in the rod when the temperature falls down to 60 oC
if
a. The ends do not yield
b. The ends yields by 1mm
Take E=200Gpa α=12X10-6/k
Ans stress 96Mpa; 62.6Mpa
6. A rigidly fixed circular bar 1.75m long uniformly tapers from 125mm diameter at one end to
100mm diameter at the other end.If maximum stress in the bar is not to exceed 108MPa,Find
the temperature through which it can be heated .take E =100Gpa α=18X10 -6/k Ans 48K

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7. A flat steel bar 200mmX20mmX8mm is placed between two aluminum bars
200mmX20mmX6mm so as to form a composite bar shown below

6mm
aluminum

Steel
Steel
steel 8mm

aluminum
6mm

200mm 200mm

All the three bars are fastened together at room temperature .Find the stresses in each bar where
temperature of when assembly is raised through 500C .assume (E Steel =200GPa;EAluminum=80Gpa; α
-6 -6
Steel=12X10 /K; α Aluminum=24X10 /K) Ans steel 45Mpa,AL 30Mpa

8. A composite bar made up of aluminum bar and steel bar is firmly held between two unyielding
support.

Steel bar area

100mm 150mm 1500mm2

An axial load of 200KN is applied at B at 320K.Find stresses in each material when the
temperature is at 370K. (Take α Aluminum=124X10-6/K and α steel=12X10-6/K E Steel =210GPa;
E Aluminum=70Gpa ) Ans steel 173.5Mpa; Al (-60.3Mpa )

9. A 12 mm diameter steel rod passes centrally through a copper tube 48mm external and 36mm
internal diameter and 2.5 m long. The tube is closed at each end by 25mm thick steel plates
which are secured by nuts .The nuts are tightened until the copper tube is reduced in length to
2.4995m and the whole assembly is then raised in temperature by 60 oc .Calculate the stresses in
the copper and steel before and after the rise in temperature assuming the thickness of the
plates to remain unchanged (Take α Copper=17.5X10-6/K and α steel=12X10-6/K E Steel =200GPa; E
Copper=100Gpa ) Ans Steel 188.4Mpa; copper -26.92Mpa

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 10. A square bar 20mm side is held between two rigid plates and loaded by an axial force P equal to
450KN as shown .Find the reaction at the ends A and C and extension of portion AB .Take E
=200GPa

A
300
mm

B
200
mm p

Ans RA180KN RC=270KN; 0.675mm

11. Find the load shared by each part of the bar and displacements of point B and C .Take E for steel
200GPa
C D
B
A

25 dia 75
50
dia
dia

Ans PAB 29.4KN,P BC 20.6KN,PCD 120.6KN def AB 0.9 mm; def CD 0.07mm

12. A block shown below weighing 35KN is supported by three wires. The outer two wires are steel
and have an area of 100mm2each, whereas the middle wire of aluminum and has an area of
200mm2.If the elastic modulus for steel and aluminum are 200Gpa and 80Gpa respectively
,then calculate the stress in aluminum and steel wires.

Steel Al Steel

35KN
3
 Ans stress AL 50Mpa steel 125MPA

13. A mild steel rod of 20mm diameter and 300mm long is enclosed centrally inside a hollow copper
tube of external diameter 300mm and internal diameter 25mm .Teh ends of the rods and tubes
are brazed together and the composite bar is subjected to an axial pull of 40Kn as shown below
.If E for steel and copper are 200Gpa and 100Gpa respectively .Find stress developed in the rod
and tube
Copper tube

40KN
40KN 25mm

30mm

Copper tube
Steel rod
Ans copper 47.4Mpa steel 94.8Mpa
14. A composite bar ABC is rigidly fixed at A and 1mm above the lower support is subjected to an
axial load of 50KN as shown below .If the cross sectional area of section AB is 100mm 2 and that
of section BC is 200mm2 .Find the reaction s at both ends .Also find the stresses in both the
sections .Take E=200Gpa

A
1m

2m

1mm

Ans P A 35KN Pc 75KN stress AB 350Mpa stress BC 75Mpa

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 15. A solid steel bar 500mm long and 50mm diameter is placed inside an aluminum tube 75mm inside
diameter and 100mm outside diameter. The aluminum tube is 0.5mm longer than the steel bar. An
axial load of 600KN is applied to the bar and a cylinder through rigid plate as shown below .Find the
stresses developed in the steel bar and aluminum tube .Take E steel 200Gpa and E aluminum 70Gpa.

Aluminum tube

Al

600KN 600KN 100

75mm mm
Al Steel

500mm Steel bar 50mm

Aluminum tube

Ans Stress steel 113.8MPa Stress Al 109.6Mpa