CHEM 124- Problem Set 1

Thermochemistry

Liwanag, Aneska Xyra O. May 16, 2022

BSCE-1E

Coffee-cup calorimeter

1. (6 points) When a 6.50 g sample of solid NaOH dissolves in 100 g of water in a

coffee-cup
calorimeter, the temperature rises from 21.6 °C to 37.8 °C. Calculate the ∆H per
mole of NaOH
for the solution process. Assume the specific heat of the solution formed is 4.18 J
g−1°C−1.

SOLUTION:
msoln = 6.50gNaOH + 100gH2 O
msoln = 106.50g

qsoln = msoln Cssoln ∆T

qsoln = 106.50g(4.18
\
J
g°C
)(37.8°C
\ − 21.6°C)
\
J
qsoln = 106.50g(4.18
\ g°C\ )(16.2°C)
\
\
qsoln = 7211.754J
qsoln = −qrxn
qrxn = −7211.754J
1kJ
qrxn = −7211.754J\ x 1000J\
= −7.211754kJ

Solve for ∆H per mole of NaOH:

Molar Mass of NaOH:

CHEM 124- Problem Set 1 1

 Na= 22.99 g
O= 15.99 g

H= 1.01 g
= 39.99 g/mol NaOH
Mole of NaOH:
1mol
6.50g x 39.99g = 0.1625 mol NaOH
−7.211754kJ
∆Hrxn = 0.1625mol
= −44.38 mol
kJ
NaOH

Hess’ law

2. (6 points) From the following enthalpies of reaction

H2(g) + F2(g) → 2HF(g) , ∆H = −537kJ

C(s) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) , ∆H = −680kJ
2C(s) + 2H2(g) → C2 H4(g) , ∆H = −52.3kJ

Calculate ∆H for the reaction of C2H4(g) with F2(g) to produce CF4(g) and HF(g).

SOLUTION:
Balanced Equation: C2 H4(g) + 6F2(g) → 2CF4(g) + 4HF(g)

2(H2(g) + F2(g) → 2HF(g) ) 2(∆H = −537kJ )

2(C(s) + 2fF2(g) → CF4(g) ) 2(∆H = −680kJ )
C2 H4(g) → 2C(s) + 2H2(g) ∆H = 52.3kJ

2H\ 2(g) + 2F2(g) → 4HF(g) ∆H = −1074kJ

2C\ (s) + 4fF2(g) → 2CF4(g) ) ∆H = −1360kJ
C2 H4(g) → 2C\ (s) + 2H\ 2(g) ∆H = 52.3kJ

∆H = −2381.7kJ

CHEM 124- Problem Set 1 2

 C2 H4(g) + 6F2(g) → 2CF4(g) +
4HF(g)

Heat of formation

3. (6 points) Many cigarette lighters contain liquid butane C4H10(l), which has a heat
of formation
of ∆H◦f = −147.6 kJ/mol. Using enthalpies of formation (refer to Appendix 4 of
Zumdahl),
calculate the quantity of heat produced when 1.0 g of butane is completely
combusted in air.
Write the balanced chemical equation first.

SOLUTION:
Equation: C4 H10(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2 O(l)
13
Balanced Equation: C4 H10(l) + 2
O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2 O(l)

13
∆H°rxn = 4 (-393.5 kJ/mol) + 5 (-286 kJ/mol) - [1(-147.6) + 2
(0)]
∆H°rxn = -2856.4 kJ

Molar Mass of C4 H1 0

C4 = 4(12.00g)
H10 = 10(1.01g)

58.1 g/mol

1mol
∆H°rxn = (−2856.4kJ )( )(1.0g)
\ = −49.164kJ
58.1g\

Free Energy.

4. (7 points) For the following reaction

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)

CHEM 124- Problem Set 1 3

 Calculate ∆H and ∆S and determine whether the reaction is spontaneous at 25.0 °C.
Refer to
Appendix 4 of Zumdahl for the standard thermodynamic values.
SOLUTION:

Solve for ∆H

∆H°rxn = 2(−46kJ /mol) − [1(0kJ /mol) + 3(0kJ /mol)]

∆H°rxn = −92kJ
Solve for ∆S

∆S°rxn = 2(193J /Kmol) − [1(192J /Kmol) + 3(131J /Kmol)]

∆S°rxn = −199J /k
J\ 1kJ
Convert kJ: -199 K x ( 1000J )= -0.199 kJ/K
\
Solve for ∆G

∆G°rxn = ∆H − T ∆S
∆G°rxn = −92kJ − (25°C + 273)(−0.199 kJ
K
)
kJ
∆G°rxn = −92kJ − 298K(−0.199
\ K\ )
∆G°rxn = −32.698kJ
Hence, the reaction is spontaneous at 25.0°C .

CHEM 124- Problem Set 1 4