Artwork by Steve Ponio

i ii bIII iv V bVI vii +

8th
1 2 4
o o 1
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
4

1 3 4

q q
1 4
q
3
R 2
Cm Do
1
E b
+
2
Fm
2
G
1
A b
3
B o
1
q qbq q qb
Harmonic Minor

i bII biii IV V
b vi bvii
+
8th
1 2 4
o o 1
1
1
3
3
2
4
4
4

1 2 4

q q
1 2 4
R 1
C o
b
D+
2
Em b
2
F
1
G b
3
Ao
1
b
Bm
2
qbqbq qbq qb

+
B
I ii III IV v vi vii
1 3 4
8th

o o 1
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
1 3 4

q q
1 2

q
4
R 2
C+ Dm
2
E
1
F
3
G#o
1
Am
2
B o
1
qqqqBq

B
i II bIII iv v vi VII
b o o +
8th

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3 4
4
4
4
4

q q
1 4
q
3

q b
q qbqBq
R 2 1 3 1 2 1 2

Romanian Scale
Cm D E b F#o Gm Ao
b
B+

I bII iii iv v VI
b bvii
1
+
8th
3 4
o o 1
1
1 2
3
2
4
4
4

1 3 4

q q
1 2
q
4
R 1 3 1 2 1 2 2
q q q qb b
Phrygian Dominant C D b E o
Fm G o
b
A+ b
Bm qb

B B
I ii iii iv V vi VII
o o +
8th

1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
3
4
4
4
4
4

q q
1 4
q
3
R

C
3
D#o
1
Em
2
F#o
1
G+
2
Am
2
B
1
qBq qBq q

i bii biii bIV v

b VI b
b bVII
1 3 4
+
7th

o o 1 2 4
1 2 4
1 3 4
1 2 4

q q
1 2 4
R 1 2 1 2 2 1 3
qbqbqbqbqbqbb
Super Locrian bb7 b b b b b bb
o o
C Dm E F+ Gm A B

All Numerals are written in relation to the
Major Scale. A ii or II indicates the second
note of a major scale, while a bii or bII
indicates a flatted 2nd note. The size of
the numeral indicates whether it is
assigned a major chord or minor chord.
signalsmusicstudio.com
+ = Augmented Triad
Uppercase Numeral = Major Chord
Lowercase Numeral = Minor Chord
" o " Symbol = Diminished Triad
R = Root
b
1, 2, 3 = Semitones
c degrees 2, 4, b6, and 7, and an Aug Triad
Copyright
#, = Sharp/Flat
Jake Lizzio 2021
Dim Chords and Aug Chords are
symmetrical so several chords can be built
off the same note (though they will be
incorrectly spelled). In the first mode, a Dim
triad could theoretically be built from
on degrees b3, 5, and 7
Indicates that a minor triad could also
be built off this degree. In C Harmonic
Minor, we can construct the following
chords starting off the 6th note, A b:
b b b
A - C - E = A Major Triad
b
A b - B - E = Equivalent to A m b
b
Ab - B - D = Equivalent to A o