Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
Unidad de Educación a Distancia
Names and surnames: Nogales Travez Jenniffer Estefania, Pijal Maldonado Aracelly
Esmeralda, Padilla Males Ricky Israel, Paucar Criollo Holger Fabián, Ochoa Lema
Sofia Victoria
Independent study methods
TOPIC: Elements of Speaking
QUESTIONS/KEY POINTS.
 How many components
are generally used to
analyze speech
performance?
 What is the
transactional function?
 What do students
develop thought the
use of discourse
markers?
 what is used for
adjacency pairs and
fixed phrases?
 What are adjacency
pairs and fixed phrases?
 What techniques to use
to speak fluently?
 What is the objective of
the transactional
function?
NOTES
They need to be able pronounce phonemes
correctly, use appropriate stress and intonation
patterns and speak in connected speech.
Has as its main purpose convening information and
facilitating the exchanges of goods and services.
We would expect them to develop their
conventional ability and skills as their English
improver.
o Adjacency pairs are used to start or close a
conversation.
o Combination of words that form a meaning
different from the individual words that
from it.
A significant part of language consists of expressions
that adhere to a defined pattern of conversation, for
example: yes, thank you; and others forms that arise
more frequently example: see you later.
I. Pronounce phonemes correctly.
II. Proper accentuation and pronunciation.
III. Speak and used a variety of conversational
strategies.
Transactional function has as its main purpose
conveying information and facilitating the exchange
of goods and services.
 Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
Unidad de Educación a Distancia

Names and surnames: Nogales Travez Jenniffer Estefania, Pijal Maldonado Aracelly
Esmeralda, Padilla Males Ricky Israel, Paucar Criollo Holger Fabián, Ochoa Lema
Sofia Victoria
Independent study methods

QUESTIONS/KEY POINTS. NOTES

 What are the three I. Conversational rules and structure

elements of II. Survival and repair strategies
conversational III. Real talk
strategies?

 What should we make When teaching speaking, we need to make students

students aware of when aware of fixed phrases, functional sequences and
we teach them to adjacency pairs. We can do this by teaching
speak? functional exchanges.

Summary

To speak English fluently, students need to master phoneme pronunciation, stress patterns, and
intonation. Conversations can be spontaneous or planned, serving transactional (information
exchange) and interpersonal (relationship maintenance) functions. In various speech events,
students should use strategies like structuring conversations, employing repair methods like
paraphrasing, and enhancing skills with fixed and semi-fixed sentences for effective communication.