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;7 Ybpcs i` elsslg`e

<8 abc`j`trbhbili`

<7
C nbp`rcglrsec

1; Q`suec ils elocarls

I`s`ovcjvbe`otc
I`s`ovcjvbe`otc oc tlotrl

17
1
;8

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8
 C qu`
qu` s`rbl
s`rbl l elss
elsslg`
lg`e
e táotrb
táotrbhl3
hl3
[cr Csnc, ‚Jbvrc il Hurl―

Elsslg`e â ljgc qu` vchí hce`çl l lpr`oi`r, els vchí

ouohl t`reb
rebol. @jl lvloçl ` lvloçl ` l `xp`rbíohbl s` tcrol
hcotboule`ot` elbs prcfuoil ` elbs prcfuoil ` elbs ljtl ` elbs ljtl. L
elss
elsslg
lg`e
`e â ue
uell ils lr
lrt`
t`ss el
elbs
bs su
sutb
tbss ‘ ` `jl oèc â sce`ot` uel
qu`stèc
qu`stèc i` p`råhb
p`råhbl.
l. @jl â ue
uell qu`s
qu`stèc
tèc i
i`` lecr.
Lpr`oil l tâhobhl ‘ `otèc l `squ`çl. @otèc lp`ols sbotl `
ecvl
ecvl-s
-s`` p`
p`jc
jc s`
s`ot
otbe
be`o
`otc
tc.. \u
\ulo
loic
ic vc
vchí
hí lp
lpr`
r`oi
oi`` pr
prcf
cfuo
uoil
ile`
e`ot
ot`,
`,
ocv`otl pcr h`otc ic trlaljnc â f`btc p`jc lecr, i`z pcr h`otc p`jl
tâhobhl.
tâhobhl. Lp`ols ltrlvâs ic prøprbc
prøprbc tcqu`, ue tcqu
tcqu`` lecrcsc,
lecrcsc, r`jlxl-s`
r`jlxl-s`
c hcrpc.

X` vchí lel ` s`ot` hceplbxèc p`jl cutrl p`sscl ` s`ot` c

vljcrr supr`
vljc supr`ec
ec i`jl
i`jl44 s` vchí oèc l trlt
trltll hcec s` fcs
fcss`
s` ue e`hlobs
e`hlobsec
ec
plrl s`r hcjchlic `e cri`e, els uel `o`rgbl i` tr`e`oic vljcr4 s`
vchí
vchí `s
`stì
tì lg
lgrl
rli`
i`hb
hbic
ic pcr `jl hcof
hcofbblr `e vc
vchí
hí ` p`reb
p`rebtb
tbrr qu
qu`` vc
vchí
hí
arboqu` hce l sul `o`rgbl ‘ `otèc elbs ` e
elbs
lbs vc
vchí
hí

brì s`otbr hcec s` vchí `stbv`ss` tchloic ue ørgèc. Ycic hcrpc s` tcrol
ls t`hjls ic ørgèc
ørgèc ` vchí pci` s`ot
s`otbr
br qu` uel nlrec
nlrecobl
obl â hrblil i`ot
i`otrc
rc
ic hcrpc. Oèc sce`ot`
sce`ot` l p`sscl s`rì lmuilil
lmuilil,, els vchí tleaâe.

9
 L elsslg`e â o`h`ssìrbl oc euoic pcrqu` c lecr i`slplr`h`u.
Cutrcrl
Cutrcrl c prøprbc
prøprbc tcqu` ics
ics
lelot`s `rl sufbhb`ot`. Pel eè` tchloic c fbjnc, arbohloic hce c s`u
hcrp
hcrpc,
c, `rl
`rl elss
elsslg
lg`e
`e.. C elrb
elrbic
ic arboh
arbohlo
loic
ic hce
hce c hcrp
hcrpc
c il eujn
eujn`r
`r,, `rl
`rl
elsslg`e4 bstc `rl sufbhb`ot`, elbs ic qu` sufbhb`ot`. Bstc `rl prcfuoic
r`jlxle`otc ` plrt` ic lecr. Els bstc
bstc i`slplr`h`u
i`slplr`h`u ic euoic.
euoic. Elbs ` elbs
elbs
oøss `squ
oø `squ`h
`h`e
`ecs
cs coi`
coi` tchl
tchlr,
r, hcec
hcec tchlr
tchlr,, c qulo
qulotc
tc prcf
prcfuo
uoic
ic tchl
tchlr.
r. Ol
v`rili`, c tcqu` â uel ils jbogulg`os elbs `squ`hbils. Oøs ocs tcrolecs
quls`` i`shcofc
quls i`shcofcrtìv
rtìv`bs
`bs oc tcqu`, pcrqu` l prøprbl
prøprbl pljlvrl
pljlvrl fcr hcrrc
hcrrcepbi
epbill
p`jls
p`jls lssb
lssbe
e hnleli
hnlelils
ls p`ssc
p`sscls
ls r`j
r`jbg
bgbcs
bcsls.
ls. @jls jn` i`rle
i`rle uel
uel hcoctl
hcoctlçèc
çèc
s`xulj. L pljlvrl s` tcrocu s`xulj ` ls p`sscls s` tcrolrle le`ircotlils.

Ycic euoic
euoic `stì i` gulril
gulril plrl oèc s`r
s`r tchlic, l e`ocs qu` s` p`
p`rebt
rebtl.
l.
Lgcrl oc chbi`ot`
chbi`ot` c cutrc `xtr`
`xtr`ec
ec hn`gcu. Ycqu` ` elsslg`e s` tcrolrle
s`xulj. Lgcrl l elsslg`e â lp`ols uel hca`rturl, ue hca`rtcr plrl l
s`xuljbili`.
s`xuljbili`. Ol v`rili` o`e c tcqu` o`e l elsslg`e sèc s`xulbs. @j`s sèc
fuoçð`s ic lecr.
lecr. \uloic c lecr
lecr hlb i` sul ljturl
ljturl `j` s` tcrol s`
s`xc
xc ` `otèc
`j` s` tcrol f`bc.

Lssbe
Lssbe s`ml
s`ml i`vc
i`vchb
hbco
colj
lj.. \ulo
\uloic
ic vchí
vchí tchl
tchl c hcrp
hcrpcc i` uel
uel p`ss
p`sscl
cl s`ml
s`ml
i`vchbcolj ‘ hhce
cecc s` c prøpr
røprbc
bc I`us
I`us `stb
`stbv`
v`ss
ss`` jì ` vchí
vchí `stì
`stì lp`o
lp`ols
ls
s`rvboic-c.
s`rvboic-c. Fjul hce `o`rgbl tctlj. @ s`epr` qu` vchí ví c hcrpc fjuboic
fjuboic ` l
`o`rgbl hrbloic ue ocvc plirèc i` nlrecobl, vchí brì s`otbr ue i`sfrut`
qu` vchí ouohl s`otbu lot`s. Vchí brì hlbr `e prcfuoil
prcfuoil e`ibtlçèc.

0
 @oqulotc elsslgbstl, lp`ols elsslg`b`. Oèc p`os` `e cutrls
hcbsls
hcbsls pcrqu`
pcrqu` `jls sèc ibstrl
ibstrlçð`
çð`s.
s. @st`ml
@st`ml `e s`us i`ic
i`icss ` `e suls
suls eècs
eècs
hcec s` tcic c s`u s`r, tcil l sul ljel `stbv`ss` jì. Oèc i`bx` qu` s`ml
lp`ols ue tcqu` ic hcrpc. Ycil l sul ljel `otrl oc hcrpc ic cutrc,
p`o`trl
p`o`trl o`j`, r`jlxl
r`jlxl cs oøs elbs prcfuoics.
prcfuoics. @ flçl ibstc uel arbohli`b
arbohli`brl.
rl.
Oèc c flçl hcec ue trlaljnc4 tcro`-c ue mcgc ` flçl-c hcec uel ibv`rsèc.
Qbl ` i`bx` c cutrc rbr tleaâe.
L elsslg`e â `otrlr `e sbohrcobl hce l `o`rgbl ic hcrpc i`
ljguâe ` s`otbr coi` `jl `stì fljtloic, s`otbr coi` c hcrpc `stì
frlge`otlic ` tcroì-jc hcepj`tc... Â lmuilr l `o`rgbl ic hcrpc i` ecic
qu`
`jl oèc s`ml elbs frlge`otlil, oèc elbs hcotrlibtørbl. \uloic ls `o`rgbls
ic hcrp
hcrpc
c `stèc
`stèc ljbon
ljbonli
lils
ls ` s` tcrole
tcrole uel
uel crqu
crqu`s
`str
trl,
l, `otèc
`otèc vchí
vchí t`v`
t`v`
suh`ssc.
Lsssbe t`on
Ls t`onll eubtc
ubtc r`s
r`sp`b
p`btc hce
hce c hcrpc
crpc nue
nueloc.
oc. @j`
@j` â c
v`ri
v`rili
li`b
`brc
rc slot
slotuì
uìrb
rbc
c i` I`us
I`us,, c t`ep
t`epjc
jc i` I`us
I`us.. Lssb
Lssbe
e hce
hce prcf
prcfuo
uoil
il
r`v`ríohbl, pr`h`, lpr`oil l sul lrt`. @stl â uel ils grloi`s hcbsls plrl

lpr`oi`r.

6
Elsslg`os

Ls Elsslg`os Vbarlhbcolbs p`jc Eâtcic I`vl Obsncd lc qulj fub `osbolic

p`jc h`otrc
h`otrc e`tlecrfcs
e`tlecrfcs`` sèc ue hcomuotc
hcomuotc i` tâhobhls
tâhobhls qu` vèc eubtc ljâe
i` sbepj`s elsslg`os. Yrltl-s` i` ue eâtcic bot`grlic i` `xpl
`xplos
osèc
èc il

s`osbabjbili` ` i`s`ovcjvbe`otc ic crglsec t`rlpíutbhc,

t`rlpíutbhc, qu` pcssbabjbtle
uel hurl
hurl oc hcrpc,
hcrpc, ol e`ot`
e`ot` ` ols
ols `ec
`ecçð`s
çð`s..

 @xplos
@xpl osècèc il s`oss`osba
babj
bjbi
bili
li`=
`= Lu
Lue`
e`ot
otll c `sp`
`sp`ht
htrc
rc ils
ils s`os
s`oslç
lçð`
ð`ss
jchljbzlils ocs eýshujcs ic hcrpc ` ocs eýshujcs s`xulbs,
s`xulbs, cf`r`h`oic
cf`r`h`oic
uel lepjl glel i` ocvls s`oslçð`s ` prlz`r`s. Yrltl-s` i` ue
hcepj`xc sbst`el i` trltle`otc qu` ecibfbhl lsp`htcs
o`urcfbs
o`urc fbsbcj
bcjøgbhc
øgbhcss ic hcrpc,
hcrpc, `e `sp`hblj
`sp`hblj il hcoiutbvbil
hcoiutbvbili`
i` abc`jâtrbh
abc`jâtrbhll
ics eýshujcs ` il p`j`.

 I`s`ovcjv
I`s`ovc jvbe`
be`otc
otc ic crgls
crglsec
ec t`rlp
t`rlpíut
íutbh
bhc=
c= C tr
trla
lalj
ljn
nc tcob
tcobfb
fbhhl `
lsschbl
lssch bl cs eýshujcs
eýshujcs s`xulb
s`xulbss l tcils ls cutrls
cutrls hli`bls eushuj
eushujlr`s
lr`s ic
hcrpc, prcpbhbloic ocvcs ` bohråv`bs crglsecs pct`ohblbs, i` quljbili`
` bot`osbili
bot`osbili`` ibf`r`ot`s
ibf`r`ot`s ics usulje`ot`
usulje`ot` hcon`hbic
hcon`hbics.
s. Yrltl-s`
Yrltl-s` i` ue
trlaljnc i` p`rh`pçèc
p`rh`pçèc il Abc`j`trbhbili` ic hcrpc. Hcec r`sujtlic ic
Crglsec t`rlpíutbhc, uel uel bohråv`j
bohråv`j suh`ssèc
suh`ssèc i`i`shlrgls
i`i`shlrgls `jâtrbhls sèc
ibsplr
ibsplrlil
lilss pcr tcics
tcics cseýs
cseýshuj
hujcs
cs ic hcrpc
hcrpc,, prciu
prciuzbo
zboic
ic ue `stlic
`stlic
ljt`rlic i` p`rh`pçèc ` hcoshbíohbl qu` hnlelecs i`
Xuprlh
Xup rlhcos
coshb
hbíoh
íohbl
bl (@xp`
(@xp`rbí
rbíohb
ohbll Ch`áob
Ch`áobhl)
hl),, coi`
coi` â pcssåv
pcssåv`j`j lh`ss
lh`sslr lr l
sla`icrbl fcreltbvl qu` p`re`bl ` i`s`ovcjv`
i`s`ovcjv` c ocssc s`r.

7
@xbst`e qultrc oåv`bs i` Elsslg`e, oc Eâtcic I`vl Obsncd=

 Oåv`jj < - X`os

Oåv` X`osbt
btbv
bv`
` Elss
Elssllg`e
g`e= O`st
O`st`` oåv`
oåv`jj c t`rl
t`rlp`
p`ut
utll `x`hu
x`hutl
tl
`ståeujcs
`ståeujcs j`v`s
j`v`s ` sulv`s,
sulv`s, hce l pcotl ics i`ics,
i`ics, pcr tcil l `xt`osèc
`xt`osèc
ic hcrpc ic Bot`rlg`ot`. @st` `ståeujc prcvchl ue i`sp`rtlr s`oscrblj,s`oscrblj,
ue prch`ss
prch`ssc
c i` `splsecibh
`splsecibhlçèc
lçèc abc`jâtrb
abc`jâtrbhl
hl qu` s` `spljnl
`spljnl pcr tcics
cs grup
gruple
le``otcs
otcs o`ur
o`urc-
c-e
eush
ushujlr
ujlr``s ic hcr crpc
pc.. C r`s
r`suj
ujtl
tlic
ic â l
i`shca`rtl i` qu` c crglsec oèc â hbrhuoshrbtc lcs g`obtlbs, els qu`
tcic c hcrpc â crgìstbhc
crgìstbhc ` p`rebt`
p`rebt` uel quljbili`
quljbili` `ocre
`ocre`` i` prlz`r.
Chcr
Ch crr`
r` uel grloi`
grloi` qu`ar
qu`arll ic plrli
plrlibg
bgel
el i` qu`qu` c crgl
crglsesec
c `stì
`stì
hbrhuoshrbtc ë r`gbèc g`obtlj ` lc s`xc. Yrlaljnl-s` hce c hcrpc tcic
`e i`hýabtc
i`hýabtc icrslj,
icrslj, v`otrlj
v`otrlj ` jlt`rlj
jlt`rlj ` tleaâe hce l `stbeujlçèc
`stbeujlçèc i`
ue h`otrc i` `o`rgbl jchljbzlic oc p`råo`c (<½ Hnldrl
‘ Eujlinlrl). C r`sujtlic â l i`shca`rtl i` qu` s`u hcrpc tcic â
prlz
prlz`r
`rcs
csc
c ` pci`
pci` vbvbar
arlr
lr bobot`
t`os
osle
le`o
`ot`
t` i` prlz
prlz`r
`r.. Hce
Hce c lue`
lue`ototc c
suastlohbljj ics oåv`bs ncrecolbs
suastlohbl ncrecolbs i` @oicrfb
@oicrfbol,
ol, X`rctcobol ` Chbtchbol,
l p`sscl s`ot`-s` r`vbgcrlil, slhblil ` sltbsf`btl, j`vloic hcosbgc uel
s`oslçèc i` pj`obtui` ` lj`grbl.
lj`grbl. Â r`h
r`hce`oiìv`j
ce`oiìv`j bobhblr pcr `st` oåv`j.

 Oåv`jj 1 - Íxtl
Oåv` Íxtls`s` Yctl
Yctljj Elssl
lsslgg`e=L
`e=L elsslsslg`
lg`e s` bo bobh
bhbl
bl hce cs
`ståeujcs
`ståeujcs utbjbzl
utbjbzlics
ics oc oåv`j
oåv`j < ltâ qu` l `j`trbhb
`j`trbhbili`
ili` s` i`sp`rt`
i`sp`rt` oc
hcrpc ic Bot`grlot`, plrl `otèc s`r hcoiuzbil lcs g`obtlbs, i` fcrel
pct`ohbljbzlil, ltrlvâs il lpjbhlçèc i` elocarls `sp`håfbhls plrl c
Jbogle ([íobs)
([íobs) cu l Rcob (Hjbtørbs
(Hjbtørbs ` Vlgbol).
Vlgbol). @st` prch`s
prch`ssc
sc â r`p`tbic
r`p`tbic
p`jc e`ocs trís v`z`s, ljt`roloic-s` l lpjbhlçèc il X`osbtbv` Elsslg`
hce ls elocarls i` Jbogle ` Rcob. O`stl `tlpl lboil oèc chcrr`e
ecabjbzl
ecab jbzlçð`s
çð`s bot`rols
bot`rols ol vlgbol, lp`ols
lp`ols `xt`rols,
`xt`rols, ` ls ecabjbzlçð`
ecabjbzlçð`ss
p`ob
p` oblo
lolsls sèc sulv`
ulv`s,
s, i` `xt`
`xt`os
osèc
èc jco
cogb
gbtu
tuib
ibol
olj.
j. C r`su
r`sujt
jtli
licc â l
`xp`rbíohbl i` boi`shrbtåv`bs, sush`tåv`bs ` bot`osls vbarlçð`s ` coils
i` prlz`r.

>
  Oåv`j 8 ‘ Rcob/Jbogle Elsslg`=
Elsslg`= O`st`
O`st` oåv`j c trlaljnc
trlaljnc â ibr`hbco
ibr`hbcolic,
lic,
sup`ribe`osbcolic`
sup`ribe` osbcolic` bot`osbfbhli
bot`osbfbhlic c oc Jbogle ([íobs) cu olRcob (Hjbtørbs
(Hjbtørbs
` Vlgbol), tlotc p`jl i`ibhlçèc i` elbs t`epc, hcec p`jl botrciuçèc
i` ocvls elocarls. Â bepcrtlot` frbslr qu` `stls elobpujlçð`s sèc i`
hlrìht`r
hlrìht`r oèc- elsturaltør
elsturaltørbc, bc, `stuilils
`stuilils ` `sp`hbfbhle
`sp`hbfbhle`ot`
`ot` lpjbhlils
lpjbhlils
hce c cam`tbvc i` lue`otlr c tùous eushujlr
eushujlr ` c lsp`htc
lsp`htc s`oscrblj il
r`gbèc g`obtlj, prcpcrhbcoloic ue tbpc i` prlz`r ` `stlics ljt`rlics
i` p`rh`
p`rh`pçè
pçècc ` hcosh
hcoshbí bíohb
ohbll qu`
qu` oèc lhcot`
lhcot`h`
h`e
e ols elobpu
elobpujl
jlçð`
çð`ss
usulbs
usulbs elstur
elsturaltø
altørbl
rblss cu s`xul
s`xulbs.
bs.

O`st` oåv`j, chcrr`e i`shlrgls `o`rgâtbhls qu` r`v`jle l

pct`ohbljbili`
pct`ohbljbili` crgìstbhl
crgìstbhl ibf`r`oh
ibf`r`ohblil
blil ` bot`osbfb
bot`osbfbhlil,
hlil, plrl nce`
nce`osos `
eujn`r`s. Chcrr`e crglsecs eýjtbpjcs hce cu s`e `mlhujlçèc, s`e
i`hjåobc ic prlz`r ` uel `xplosèc ilil `o`rgbl `e ibr`çèc lc 7½ Hn
Hnldrl
ldrl
- Xlls
Xllsnl
nlrl
rl (ue h`ot
h`otrc
rc i` `o`rg
o`rgbl
bl jch
jchljbz
ljbzli
lic
c oc tcpc
tcpc il hla`
hla`çl
çl,,
vbohujlic lc slgrlic, lc lsp`htc ibvboc qu` `xbst` i`otrc i` oøs).
oøs).

Hce r`jlçèc lcs nce`os, c crglsec oèc â c cam`tbvc fbolj il Jbogle

Elsslg`e
Elss lg`e,, `eacrl `st` pcssl pcssl s`r ue lgrliìv`j
lgrliìv`j ` eubtc a`e-vboic
a`e-vboic
`f`btc i`stl elobpujlçèc. Â eubtc hceue ` `sp`rlic qu` cs nce`os
`mlhuj`e iuls, trís v`z`s iurlot` l s`ssèc, els, sèc `mlhujlçð`s
ib
ibf`
f`r`
r`ohohbl
blils
ils,, i` pct`
pct`ohohbl
bljj t`rl
t`rlpí
píut
utbh
bhc,
c, qu`
qu` olil
olil t`e
t`e l v`r
v`r hce
hce
elsturalçèc. Hce l fr`qúíohbl i`st` `ståeujc, nì uel euiloçl ol
qulj
qu ljbi
bili`
li` s`os
s`oscrcrbl
bljj ` ol bo bot`
t`os
osbi
bili
li`` ic prlz`
prlz`r.
r. Î pcss
pcssåv
åv`j
`j lboi
lboill
`xp`rbe`otlr eýjtbpjls `mlhujlçð`s, eýjtbpjcs ` suh`ssbvcs crglsecs
s`hc
s` hcss (oèc
(oèc-`
-`ml
mlhu
hujl
jltø
tørb
rbcs
cs),
), lue`
lue`ot otc
c ic t`ep
t`epc
c ol sust
sust`o
`otlç
tlçèc
èc il
`r`çèc,, elbcr fj`xbab
`r`çèc fj`xbabjbil
jbili`
i` ` lue`otc ic píobs (`xt`os
(`xt`osèc
èc ` jlrgurl)
jlrgurl)
`e fuoçèc il tcobfbhlçèc ics eýshujcs p`oblocs.

L Jbogle Elsslg`e â ue eâtcic `xh`phbcolj plrl l hurl i` @mlhujlçèc

[r`hch`, Bepctíohbl, ibfbhujili` `e ltbogbr c crglsec ` lusíohbl cu
albxl i` jbabic.

2
 Il e`sel fcrel, hce l Rcob Elsslg`e, oc hlsc ils eujn`r`s, c
glon
glonc
c ol quljbi
quljbili`
li` ic prlz`
prlz`rr â `xh`
`xh`ph
phbc
bcol
olj,
j, eubt
eubtc
c ljâe
ljâe il
`xp`rbíohbl s`xulj
s`xulj qu` ls eujn`r`s `e g`rlj pcssu`e ltrlvâs ils
elobpujlçð`s ic hjbtørbs ` il vlgbol. Chcrr` uel grloi` rupturl `
euiloçl i` plrlibgels
plrlibgels hce r`jlçèc
r`jlçèc lc prlz`r ` hce l fcrel i` jbilr
jbilr
hce c hcrpc.

C crglsec oèc â c cam`tbvc fbolj il Rcob Elsslg`e, `eacrl `st` pcssl

s`r ue lgrliìv`j
lgrliìv`j ` eubtc a`e- vboic `f`btc i`stl elobpujlçèc
elobpujlçèc.. C fchc
â l hubilicsl
hubilicsl elsslg`e i` tcic c ørgèc g`obtlj f`eboboc,f`eboboc, bohjuboic l
vbrbjnl, l vujvl, cs jìabcs bot`rocs ` `xt`rocs (tleaâe hcon`hbics hcec
'p`qu`ocs' ` 'grloi`s' jìabcs),
jìabcs), c hjbtørbs `, bot`role`ot`,
bot`role`ot`, c [cotc G oc
hloljj il vlgb
hlol vlgbol
ol (G
(G-X
-Xpc
pct,
t, l Gjáo
Gjáoiu
iujl
jl i` Gréf
Gréf`o
`oa`
a`rg
rg),
), p`re
p`rebt
btbo
boic
ic c
i`sfrut` i` ibf`r`ot`s fcrels i` prlz`r, hueujltbvls ` prcgr`ssbvls, l
qu` h`rtle`ot` oèc `stì nlabtulic.

Chcrr` `otèc
Chcrr` `otèc uel ljt`rlç
ljt`rlçèc
èc suast
suastloh
lohbl
bljj ol `stru
`strutur
turll s`os
s`oscr
crbl
bljj ic
hjbtørbs,
hjbtørbs, qu` ecibfbhl
ecibfbhl sbgobfbhlt
sbgobfbhltbvle`
bvle`ot`
ot` sbtulçð`s
sbtulçð`s jbglils lc prlz`r `
lc crgl
crglse
sec c hcot
hcotåo
åouc
uc.. L eujn jn`r
`r vlb
vlb lcs
lcs pcuhcuhcs s` larblarboi
oicc ` s`
`otr`gloic hce hcofbloçl,
hcofbloçl, ujtrlplssloic
ujtrlplssloic ` `jbeboloic
`jbeboloic e`ics, hujpls
hujpls
` r`pr`ssð`s
r`pr`ssð`s ` plssl l `xp`rbe`
`xp`rbe`otlr
otlr eýjtbpjcs
eýjtbpjcs ` suh`ssbvcs
suh`ssbvcs crglsecs,
crglsecs,
crglsecs p`r`o`s ` i` vlj` (crglsecs qu` `e`oile ue lc cutrc,
s`e
s` e qu
qu`i`ill ic hjhjåe
åelx
lx).
). Eubt
Eubtcc fr`q
fr`qu`
u`ot
ot`e `e`o
`ot`
t`,, l eujn`
ujn`rr tleaâ
tleaâe e
i`shcar` s`u pct`ohblj
pct`ohblj `mlhujltørbc,
`mlhujltørbc, tleaâe lhceplonlic i` bot`o bot`osc
sc
prlz`r.

L Rcob Elsslg`e â ue eâtcic `xh`phbcolj plrl l hurl il Locrglsebl

(lusío
(lu síohbl
hbl i` crglsec),
crglsec), ibf
ibfbhu
bhujil
jili`
i` `e ltb
ltbogbr
ogbr c crglsec, lusíohbl
lusíohbl cu
albbxl i` jb
al jbab
abic
ic,, lu
lusí
síoh
ohbbl, p`
p`ri
ril
l cu ibebebo
boub
ubçè
çècc i` s`o
s`osb
sbab
abjb
jbil
ili
i`
hjbtcrblol ` vlgbolj ` Vlgbobsec (hcotrlçèc bovcjuotìrbl ics eýshujcs
prøxbecs l vlgbol, ibfbhujtloic cu ltâ bep`iboic l p`o`trlçèc p`jc

píobs ol r`jlçèc s`xulj, hce pr`s`oçl i` icr).

<;
 Oåv`j 9 ‘ G-Xpct/[-Xpct Elsslg`= @st` â c ýjtbec oåv`j ic sbst`el i`
elss
el sslg
lg`o
`oss ic Eâtc
Eâtcic
ic I`vl
I`vl Obs
Obsncd,
ncd, coi`
coi` chcr
chcrr`
r` c `stå
`ståeu
eujc
jc ol
Gjáoiujl i` Grlf`oa`ri, cu [cotc-G (G-Xpct), plrl ls eujn`r`s, ` ol
[røstltl, cu [cotc-[ ([-Xpct), plrl cs nce`os. Xèc ìr`ls
`sp`hblje`ot` s`osåv`bs
s`osåv`bs l i`t`rebolics oåv`bs
oåv`bs i` pr`ssèc ` plirð`s i`
ecvb
ec vbe`
e`ot
otcs
cs,, qu`
qu` pci`
pci`e e j`j`vl
vlrr l ocvc
ocvcss ` bobe
bobelgb
lgboì
oìv`
v`bs
bs oåv`
oåv`bs
bs i`
crglsecs, eubtc `sp`hblbs.

Ols eujn`r`s, c [cotc G fbhl jchljbzlic ol plr`i` lot`rbcr il vlgbol,

vlgbol ,
uell ìr`l
ue ìr`l jch
jchlj
ljbz
bzli
lill `e uel gj gjáo
áoiu
iujl
jl qu` `ovc
`ovcjv
jv`` l ur`t
ur`trl
rl qu`,
qu`,
qulo
quloic
ic `stb
`stbeu
eujl
jlil
il hce
hce l pr`s
pr`ssè
sècc li`q
li`qul
ulil
il,, p`re
p`rebtbt`` tlea
tleaâe
âe l
p`rh`pçèc i` uel logujlçèc sljb`ot` ic cssc pýabhc, l h`rhl i` 8 l 0
he il `otr `otrli lill il vlgbo
vlgbol. l. X`u tleltlelonc
onc vlb s` ecibf ecibfbhbhlo
loic
ic hce l
bot`osbfbhlçèc ics `ståeujcs. @stl r`gbèc pci` vlrblr i` eujn`r plrl
eujn`r, tlotc ol jchljbzlçèc, oc tlelonc, ol t`xturl cu ol `sp`ssurl.
@stuics tleaâe r`v`jle qu` c `ståeujc `ståeujc i`ssl ìr`l ìr`l jba`rl suastáohbls
qu` ajcqu`ble l icr. Â eubtc hceue qu` ls eujn`r`s `xhr`t`e ue
jåqubic bohcjcr ` bocicrc, ës v`z`s `sarloqubçlic, hce ue vcjue` `e
tcroc i` <;; l 1;; ej. @e ocssc ocssc trlaljnc, v`rbfbhlecs
v`rbfbhlecs qu` â pcssåv`j
pcssåv`j l
eubtls eujn`r`s `xp`rbe`otlr l `mlhujlçèc crgìstbhl f`ebobol. Ol G-
Xpct Elsslg`e plrl eujn`r`s, eujn`r`s, `e hcomuoçèc hce cs `ståeujcs `ståeujcs f`btcs
f`btcs
oc hj hjbt
btør
ørbs
bs,, `j
`jll `xp`
`xp`rb rbe`
e`ot otll l ecabecabjbjbzlç
zlçèc
èc `o`r
`o`rgâ
gâtb
tbhl
hl `e pcotpcotcs
cs
`sp`
`s p`hbhblb
lbss jc
jchl
hljbjbzl
zlic
icss oc hlol hloljj vlgb
vlgbol
olj,j, oc lssclssclj
ljnc
nc pâjvb
âjvbhc
hc ` ol
Gjáoiujl i` Gréf`oa`rg,
Gréf`oa`rg, c i`ocebolic [cotc G f`eboboc. Cf`r`h`ecs Cf`r`h`ecs
uel tâhobhl
tâhobhl `sp`hblj
`sp`hblj i` p`o`trlçèc
p`o`trlçèc hce c i`ic (utbjbzle (utbjbzle-s`
-s` juvls
juvls i`
jì
jìt`
t`xx i`vb
i`vbilile`e`ot`ot` ju juar
arbf bfbh
bhli
lils
ls`` `st`r
`st`rbjbjbzl
bzlil
ils)s) hce
hce l pcjppcjpll ibgb
ibgbtl
tljj
tr
trlal
laljn jnloi
loic c l s`os s`osbababjbjbz
bzlç
lçèc
èc ` l bot`
bot`ososbf
bfbh
bhlç
lçèc
èc i`ss
i`ss`s`s pcot
pcotcs
cs.. Cs
nce`os tleaâe pcssu`e pcssu`e ue [cotc G, hcosbi`rlic c jchlj coi` `st`s
s`ot`e c elbcr prlz`r iurlot` l r`jlçèc s`xulj.

<<
 C [cotc G elshujboc , hnlelic i` pcotc prcstìtbhc cu ‚[cotc [―,
jchljbzl-s
jchlj bzl-s`
` ol gjáoiujl
gjáoiujl i` prøstltl,
prøstltl, qu` fbhl lalbxc
lalbxc il a`xbgl ` ltrìs
ics t`ståhujcs.
t`ståhujcs. \uloic c nce`e `stì `xhbtlic, c eýshujc hnlelic
[uachchhåg`c (ue eýshujc qu` s` pr`oi` lc pýabs ` hbrhuoil ørgècs
hcec l a`xbgl,
a`xbgl, l ur`trl
ur`trl ` c r`tc, sust`ot
sust`otloic-
loic-cs)
cs),, lp`rtl l prøstltl.
prøstltl.
@stll pr`ss
@st pr`ssèc
èc ol prøst
prøstltl
ltl â qu` â l r`spco
r`spcosìv
sìv`j
`j p`
p`jl
jl s`osl
s`oslçèc
çèc i` prlz`
prlz`r.
r.

Ol [-Xpct Elsslg`e plrl nce`os, `e hcomuoçèc hce cs `ståeujcs oc

Jb
Jbog
ogle
le,, vchí
vchí `xp`
`xp`rb
rbe`
e`ot
otll l ecab
ecabjjbzlç
bzlçèc
èc `o`
`o`rg
rgât
âtbh
bhll `e pcot
pcotcs
cs
`sp`hblbs jchljbzlics ol r`gbèc r`tlj, elbs `sp`hbfbhle`ot` ol [røstltl,
c i`ocebolic [cotc [ elshujboc.

Cf`r`h
Cf`r `h`e`ecs
cs uel
uel tâho
tâhobh
bhll `sp`
`sp`hb
hblj
lj i` p`o`
p`o`tr
trlç
lçèc
èc hce
hce c i`ic
i`ic (Cs (Cs
prcfb
prc fbss
ssbc
bcolb
olbss utbjbz
utbjbzle-
le-s`
s` juvls
juvls i` jìt`x
jìt`x i`vbil
i`vbile`e`ot`
ot` juarb
juarbfb
fbhlhlils
ils `
`st`r
`st`rbjb
bjbzli
zlils)
ls) hce l pcjplpcjpl ibgbtl
ibgbtljj ic trlalj
trlaljnl
nloic
oic l s`os
s`osbab
babjbjbzlç
zlçèc
èc `
bot`osbfbhlçèc i`ss`s pcotcs.

Oèc sèc
Oèc sèc tcic
tcicss cs nce`
nce`osos qu`
qu` s` p`re
p`rebt bt`e
`e r`h`
r`h`a`
a`rr `st`
`st` tcq
tcqu`,
u`,
ocrel
ocrelje`
je`ot`
ot` p`jc e`ic ` pr`hco
pr`hcoh`
h`btc
btc i` qu` `st` `ståeuj
`ståeujcc pcssl
pcssl
r`v`jlr t`oiíohbls ncecss`xulbs, c qu` â lascjutle`ot` ue ebtc, ue
tlau g`rlic
g`rlic pcr uel
uel schb`ili`
schb`ili` pltrblrh
pltrblrhlj
lj ` elhnbstl.
elhnbstl.

Boi`p`oi`ot`e`o
Boi`p`oi`ot`e`ot` t` i` `shcjnls s`xulbs,
s`xulbs, c [cotc [ elshujb
elshujboc,
oc, lssbe hcec c
[cotc G f`eboboc,
f`eboboc, quloic elsslg`lic
elsslg`licss hce c `ståeujc
`ståeujc li`qulic, p`rebt`
p`rebt`
l nc
nce`
e`osos ` eu
eujn
jn`r
`r`s
`s ue
uell s`
s`os
oslç
lçèc
èc i` pr prlz
lz`r
`r eu
eubt
btc
c el
elbc
bcrr ic qu` l
usulje`ot`
usulje`ot` `xp`rbe`otlil
`xp`rbe`otlil oc s`xc hceue, `xtr`ele`ot` pct`ohbljbzlil
pct`ohbljbzlil `
eujtbpjbhli
lil,
l, hco
coiu
iuzzboi
oic
c-c
-css l bobott`o
`osscs crglsecs ` l `stl tlic
icss i`
Xuprlhcoshbíohbl.

<1
L Abc`j`trbhbili`
Abc`j`trbhbili` ic Hcrpc Nu
Nuelo
eloc
c

"Cs `f`b
`f`btc
tcss ic pr
prlz`
lz`rr sè
sèc
c la
lascj
scjut
utle`
le`ot
ot`
` pc
pcsbt
sbtbv
bvcs
cs.. Ic pc
pcot
otc
c i` vb
vbstl
stl
fåsbhc, `j` `stbeujl
fåsbhc, `stbeujl l hbrhuj
hbrhujlçèc
lçèc slogúåo`l
slogúåo`l ` lue`otl
lue`otl l `o`rgbl. @otr` cs
`f`btcs
`f`btcs `echbcolbs
`echbcolbs `stèc ue lue`otc
lue`otc il lutc-`
lutc-`stbel
stbel,, il lutchcofbloçl
lutchcofbloçl `
il p`
p`rs
rspb
pbhìh
hìhbl
bl il e`
e`ot`
ot`.. Ic pcotc
pcotc i` vbs
vbstl
tl `s
`spbr
pbrbtu
btulj,
lj, prcpbh
prcpbhbl
bl uel
elbcr vljcrbzlçèc i` s`us icos ` hcotrbaub plrl uel vbsèc elbs hjlrl il
vbil."

Nlrcji N. Ajccefb`ji
Ajcce fb`ji ` Qca`rt A. Dcry

Boo`r Mcy

L Bep
Bepcrtáohbl ic Ycqu`
L p`j`
p`j` t`e
t`e fuoç
fuoçèc
èc beuo
beuocj
cjøg
øgbh
bhl,
l, `stì
`stì hb`o
hb`otb
tbfb
fbhl
hle`e`ot
ot`` hcep
hceprc rcvl
vlic
ic pcr
pcr
oue`
ou e`rc
rcsl
slss p`sq
p`squb
ubssls.
ls. Cs p`sq
p`sqububsl
slic
icr`
r`ss i`sh
i`shc carbr
arbrle
le qu`,qu`, quloi
uloic c
lhlrbhblil, l hlelil `xt`rol il p`j`, l `pbi`re`, prciuz uel suastáohbl
qu`` â bo
qu boib
ibst
stbog
boguåv
uåv`j`j beuocq
beuocqub
ubebh
ebhle`
le`ot`
ot` il tbecpc
tbecpcb`t b`tbol
bol,, ncreù
ncreùobobc
c il
gjáoiujl
gjáoiu jl tbec, qu` `stì ltbvl ol ibf`r`oh
ibf`r`ohblçèc
blçèc i` jboføhbtc
jboføhbtcss Y.

Cs jboføhbtcs Y sèc r`spcosìv`bs p`jl beuobili` h`jujlr. @j`s tíe crbg`e ols

hâjuj
hâjujls
ls qu` sèc prciuzb
prciuzbil
ilss ol e`iujl
e`iujl øss`l
øss`l ` qu`
qu` ebgrle
ebgrle (p`jc
(p`jc e`ocs
e`ocs
e`tli` i`jls) plrl l gjáoiujl tbec, coi` sèc prch`sslils ltâ s` tcrolr`e
cs jboføhbt
jboføhbtcs
cs Y.

<8
Lboil oèc â hcon`hbic c prch`ssc p`jc qulj c tbec hcof`r` hcep`tíohbl
beuocjøgbhll lcs jboføhbtcs
beuocjøgbh jboføhbtcs Y, ictloic- cs il hlplhbili` i` i` s` ibf`r`ohblr`e
ibf`r`ohblr`e
`e hâjujls hlplz`s i` i`s`ep`onlr fuoçð`s `sp`hbfbhle`ot` beuocjøgbhls.
@xbst`e ebjnlr`s i` jboføhbtcs Y boibvbiulje`ot` ibf`r`ot`s, hlil ue i`j`s
hlplz i` r`lgbr
r`lgbr l ue lotåg`oc
lotåg`oc `sp`håfb
`sp`håfbhc
hc ` i` i`struå-j
i`struå-jc.
c.

Cs `ståeujcs tìt`bs lue`otle c pct`ohblj `jâtrbhc ic hcrpc. C lue`otc ic

pct`ohblj `jâtrbhc
`jâtrbhc lg` scar` ls hâjujls
hâjujls ` gjáoiujls prciuzboic
prciuzboic ue r`sujtlic
fbsbcjøgbhc hce `f`btcs scar` l e`ot` ` ls `ecçð`s, prciuzboic r`fj`xcs
scar` c hcepcrtle`otc. Ls p`squbsls elbs r`h`ot`s hceprcvlrle qu` nì
ljt`rl
ljt`rlçð`
çð`ss fbsbcj
fbsbcjøg
øgbhl
bhlss ` ab
abcq
cquåe
uåebh
bhls
ls quloi
quloicc l sup`
sup`rfå
rfåhb
hb`` il p`j`
p`j` â a`e
`stbeujlil.

L @j`trbhbili` ic Hcrpc
C hcrpc nueloc â hcepcstc i` 69% i` scjuçèc sljbol hnlelil ol e`ibhbol
i` "scrc
"scrc fb
fbsb
sbcj
cjøgb
øgbhc"
hc" qu` â ue ace hcoiu hcoiutcr
tcr i` `j`trb
`j`trbhbi
hbili`
li`.. L scjuçè
scjuçèc
c
sljbol â hnlelil ol `j`trctâhobhl i` "scjuçèc `j`trcjåtbhl" qu` `e hcotltc
hce ls hâjujls o`rvcsls, g`rl abc`j`trbhbili`
abc`j`trbhbili` quåebhl. L hlil altbil ic ocssc
hcrlçèc
hcrlç èc (pujslçèc)
(pujslçèc) prciuz-s
prciuz-s`` uel hcrr`ot`
hcrr`ot` i` ue hbhjc pcr s`guoic
s`guoic i` ue
wltt i` pctíohbl `jâtrbhl ibssbplil.

L pctíohbl `jâtrbhl ` l r`sbstíohbl ic hcrpc nueloc vlrble i` ue boibvåiuc

plrl cutrc= i`p`oi`e il hcostbtubçèc crgáobhl ils hâjujls ` il
hcoiutbabjbili`
hcoiutbabjbili` ic hcrpc. I`ssl elo`brl v`rbfbhl-s` qu` c s`r nueloc â uel
eìqubol
eìqu bol `jâtrbhl!
`jâtrbhl! Xcecs hcostbtuåic
hcostbtuåicss ics e`secs
e`secs `j`e`otcs
`j`e`otcs ic Pobv`r
Pobv`rsc
sc==
Ecjâhuj
Ecjâ hujls,
ls, ìtcecs,
ìtcecs, prøtcos,
prøtcos, oíutrcos
oíutrcos ` `jâtrcos.
`jâtrcos. Eltârbl
Eltârbl ` @o`rgbl
@o`rgbl sèc l
e`sel hcbsl= Eltârbl â l hcoi`oslçèc il `o`rgbl4 `o`rgbl â l i`sbot`grlçèc
i`sbot`grlçèc
il eltârbl.

<9
X`guoic @bost`bo, tcic hcrpc, `e vbrtui` il sul hcostbtubçèc
hcostbtubçèc ltùebhl, pcssub
ue hlepc i` `o`rgbl
`o`rgbl `j`trc- elgoâtbhl (lurl
(lurl ic s`r nueloc),
nueloc), fctcgr
fctcgrlfìv`j
lfìv`j

p`jl háel
háelrl
`jâtrbhl rl hâjujls
` ls i` Dbrjblo.
Dbrjblsèc
o. Ccssbst`el o`rvcsc
o`rvcsc hcostb
s`ebhcoiutcr`s, hcostbtub
tub l r`i`
fuohbcoloic i` ibstrbau
ibstrbaubçèc
ë s`e`jnloçl bçèc
ics
ibcic
ibcicss ` trlose
trlosebss
bsscr`
cr`s.s. L ab abc`j
c`j`tr
`trbhb
bhbili
ili`` pci`
pci` s`r
s`r i`t`h
i`t`htlil
tlil ltrlvâs
ltrlvâs ic
`j`trchlribcgrlel ` ic `j`trc-`oh`fljcgrlel.
`j`trc-`oh`fljcgrlel.

L t`osèc `j`trcstìtbhl g`rlil iurlot` ls 19 ncrls ic ibl pci` s`r e`ibil

pcr e`bc i` ue s`osåv`j
s`osåv`j vcjtåe`trc
vcjtåe`trc `j`trcst
`j`trcstìtbhc
ìtbhc.. [lrl e`iå-jl,
e`iå-jl, c boibvåi
boibvåiuc
uc
pbsl ouel pjlhl e`tìjbhl ol qulj s` jbgl c `j`trcic o`gltbvc oc vcjtåe`trc
hce l eèc s`gurloic fbre`e`ot` oc `j`trc ic pcsbtbvc. C bostrue`otc
i`v`rì lhuslr j`bturls qu` vlrble i` 0.;;; l 1;.;;;
1;.;;; vcjts `j`trcstìtbhcs.

L r`sbstíohbl ic hcrpc nueloc pci` s`r e`ibil flhbje`ot` p`jc lplr`jnc

hnle
hn leli
licc "cne
"cnebebe`t
`trc
rc".
". L t`osè
t`osèc
c `j`j`t
`trc
rcst
stìt
ìtbh
bhll ` l r`
r`sb
sbstí
stíoh
ohbl
bl ic hcrp
hcrpcc
nueloc vlrble i` boibvåiuc plrl boibvåiuc ` c bostrue`otc pci`rì boibhlr
j`bturls qu` vlrble i` 0;; l 0;;.;;; cnes i` r`sbstíohbl ë hcrr`ot` `jâtrbhl.

L hcoiutbabjbili` vlrbl hce ls hlrlht`råstbhls il p`j`= p`j` s`hl lpr`s`otl

ljtll r`sbst
ljt r`sbstíoh
íohbl
bl,, p`j`
p`j` ýebil
ýebil lpr`s
lpr`s`ot
`otll albxl
albxl r`sbs
r`sbstío
tíohbl.
hbl. Loljc
Loljcgle
gle`o
`ot`,
t`,
hcec s` plssl ocs bscjlicr`s ` hcoiutcr`s i` `j`trbhbili`, c hcrpc nueloc
lhueujl `j`trbhbili` quloic l r`sbstíohbl â ljtl ` i`shlrr`gl `j`trbhbili`
hce flhbjbili
flhbjbili`` quloic l r`sbstío
r`sbstíohbl
hbl â albxl.

<0
Pel ils hlrlht`råstbhls elbs elrhlot`s ic trlaljnc hce c Ylotrl â l
`ecjb
`e cjbíoh
íohbl
bl ` l uebibf
uebibfbhl
bhlçèc
çèc ics t`hbic
t`hbicss crgáob
crgáobhcs
hcs.. Q`bhn
Q`bhn cas`rvc
cas`rvcu u qu` l
`stbeujlçèc crgùobhl oc hcrpc nueloc lue`otl olturlje`ot`
olturlje`ot` `e ltâ 8;% c
s`u
s`u p`rh
p`rh`o
`otu
tulj
lj i` uebi
uebili
li`` r`jl
r`jltbv
tbvl.
l. @ss`
@ss`ss icbs
icbs lsp`
lsp`ht
htcs
cs s` fuoi
fuoi`e
`e ol
prciuç
prc iuçèc
èc i` f`f`oùe
oùe`o
`ocs
cs s`os
s`oscrb
crblbs
lbs eubtc
eubtc bot`r
bot`r`ss
`sslot`
lot`s,
s, r`jlh
r`jlhbco
bcolic
licss lc
crglsec ` lc prlz`r.

 boibsp`osìv`j plrl c s`r nueloc elot`r c `qubjåarbc `jâtrbhc ic s`u hcrpc.

C `qubjåarbc
`qubjåarbc `jâtrbhc `stì r`jlhbcolic
r`jlhbcolic hce l slýi` fåsbhl,
fåsbhl, e`otlj ` `echbcolj
ic boibvåiuc.
boibvåiuc. Ltrlvâs i`ssl fcot`fcot` `jâtrbhl
`jâtrbhl,, c s`r nueloc fuohbcol
fuohbcol hcec uel
`stlçèc i` rìibc, brrlibloic sce ` belg`e, l s`e`jnloçl il t`j`vbsèc. X` c
s`rr nuel
s` nuelococ s` fleb
flebjbjblr
lrbz
bzlr
lr hce
hce `ssl
`ssl fcrç
fcrçll `jât
`jâtrb
rbhl
hl boib
boibvb
vbiu
iulj
ljbz
bzli
lil,
l, sul
sul

bo
botu
tubç
bçèc
èc ` sul hlplh
lplhbi
bili
li`` i` s` hceu
ceuob
obhhlr i` fcre
fcrell oèc
oèc v`ral
ralj s`
pct`ohbljbzle, ltrlvâs ics s`otbics, usloic ics ltrbautcs i` sul p`rh`pçèc,
hcec c flz`e
flz`e cs lobelb
lobelbss qu` oèc vbv`e
vbv`e `e hltbv`brc.
hltbv`brc.

Y`oic l sul fcot` i` `o`rgbl prøprbl ` `stloic flebjblrbzlic hce `jl, c s`r
nue
nu eloc â hlplplz
lz i` eciuj
ciujlr
lr ltr
ltrlvâ
lvâs ic s`u p`os
p`oslle`otc ` br brrrlib
liblr
sb
sbeu
eujt
jtlo`
lo`le
le`o
`ot`
t`,, coil
coilss `j
`j`t
`trc
rcel
elgo
goât
âtbh
bhls
ls hcot
hcot`o
`oic
ic sbolb
bolbss i` sce
sce `
belg`e. L
qu`stè
qu`stèc
c ib
ibe`
e`os
osbc
bcol
oljj tr
trlo
losf
sfcr
crel
el-s
-s`` i` elo`
elo`br
brll pjur
pjurbi
bibe
be`o
`osb
sbco
colj
lj ` l
ib
ibe
e`osè
osèc i` t`e
t`epc ` `splçsplçc
c s` ljt`r
t`rle suasuastloh
lohblje
blje``ot`,
t`, oue
ouel
`xp`rbíohbl i`ocebolil ‚`stlic ljt`rlic i` p`rh`pçèc ` i` hcoshbíohbl―.

<6
C Nbp`rcrgl
rglsec ` l Xuprlhcos
coshbíohbl
@e ocssls
ocssls p`squb
p`squbsl
slss scar`
scar` l abc`j`
abc`j`trb
trbhbi
hbili`
li`,, i`shc
i`shcarb
arbecs
ecs qu`
qu` c hcrpc
hcrpc
nueloc â ue lhueujlicr
nueloc lhueujlicr abc`jât
abc`jâtrbhc.
rbhc. \uloic
\uloic cs `ståeuj
`ståeujcs
cs s` elobf`stle
ol p`j`, hce i`t`rebolil bot`osbili` ` hce h`rtl fr`qúíohbl, pcr ue
p`rå
p`råci
cic
c i` t`ep
t`epc,
c, c crgl
crglse
sec
c s` bobot`
t`os
osbf
bfbh
bhll p`
p`jl
jl pr
prci
ciuç
uçèc
èc i` elbc
elbcr`
r`ss
qulotbili`s
qulotbili`s ncrecolbs.
ncrecolbs.

X`rctc
X`rc tcob
obol
ols,
s, @oic
@oicrf
rfbo
bols
ls ` Cxbt
Cxbtch
chbo
bols
ls hbrh
hbrhuj
ujle
le jbvr
jbvr`e
`e`o
`ot`t` p`jc
p`jc hcrp
hcrpc,
c,
vljc
vljcrb
rbzl
zloi
oic
c ls hco`
hco`xð
xð`s
`s sboì
sboìpt
ptbh
bhls
ls,, vboh
vbohuj
ujlç
lçð`
ð`ss qu`
qu` jbgl
jbglee hlil
hlil fbar
fbarll
o`rvc
o` rvcsl,
sl, hujeb
hujebol
oloic
oic hce uel grloi`
grloi` r`p`r
r`p`rhus
hussè
sècc crgìst
crgìstbh
bhl,
l, i` grloi`
grloi`
bot`osbili`.

L p`sscl `xp`rbe`otl `otèc ocvls s`oslçð`s prlz`rcsls, ocvcs oåv`bs i`

crglsec ` lqubjc qu` i`ocebolecs
i`ocebolecs nbp`rcrglsec,
nbp`rcrglsec, ltbogboic ocvcs oåv`bs i
i``
hcoshbíohbl ` p`rh`pçð`s. O`ss` ece`otc ls p`sscls `xp`rbe`otle rbsc,
hncrc, jìgrb
grbels, íxtls` ` eubtls cutrls s`oslçð`s bot`grltbvls `
hcoh
hcohce
cebt
btlot
lot`s
`s,, ibfå
ibfåh`
h`bs
bs i` i`sh
i`shr`
r`v`
v`r,
r, els
els r`lj
r`lje`
e`ot
ot`` eubt
eubtc
c bot`
bot`os
osls
ls `
prlz`rcsls.

Cs `f`btcs scar` c hcrpc, l e`ot`, ls `ecçð`s ` l `ssíohbl p`relo`h`e

lboil pcr 9> cu 71 ncrls, `x`rh`oic
`x`rh`oic ue beplhtc e`ibtltbvc scar` l p`sscl.

Q`hce`
Q`hc e`oioile
lecs
cs lcs
lcs ocss
ocsscscs hjb`
hjb`ot
ot`s
`s qu`
qu` `xp`
`xp`rb
rbe`
e`ot
ot`e
`e bobh
bobhbl
blje
je`o
`ot`
t` l
X`osb
X`osbtbv
tbv`` Elssl
Elsslg`e
g`e,, coi`
coi` nì uel grloi`
grloi` `xpjcr
`xpjcrlçèc
lçèc il Abc`j
Abc`j`tr
`trbh
bhbi
bili`
li`
ltrlvâs i` elocarls
elocarls sutbs ol sup`rfåhb`
sup`rfåhb` il p`j`.

 eubtc hceue qu`r`r bobhblr hce l Jbogle Elsslg`e cu hce l Rcob

Elsslg`e
g`e, pcbs l elbcrbl ils p`sscls lboil scfr` c prch`ssc i`
g`obtljbzlçèc. Els â fuoile`otlj i`sp`rtlr prbe`brc c pct`ohblj `jâtrbhc i`
s`u hcrpc, ` tcelr hcoshbíohbl
hcoshbíohbl i` sul abc`j`trbhbili`.
abc`j`trbhbili`. @ss` flt
fltc
c pcr sb sø trlz
boýe`rcs a`o`fåhbcs.
a`o`fåhbcs.

<7
Cs 7 lsp`htcs il vbil ‘ 7 Hnld
Hnldrrls
<= Xcar`vbvíohbl -
Hnldrl Eujlinlrl 1=
X`xuljbili` - Hnldrl
Xwlistnlol 8= [ci`r
[`ssclj - Hnldrl
Elobpurl 9= Lecr -
Hnldrl Lolnltl
0= Hceuobhlçèc -
Hnldrl Vbsnuinl 6=
Xla`icrbl - Hnldrl
Lmol
7= @spbrbtuljbili` - Hnldrl Xlnlsnlrl

L fuoçèc il Elsslg`e Yáotrbhl â ltbvlr, aljloh`lr ` nlrecobzlr l

`o`rgbl ics s`t`
s`t` hnldrls utbjbzlics ol `xplosèc il `o`rgbl
`o`rgbl Duoiljboå.

Íxtls`
Íxt ls` Yctlj
Yctlj Elsslg`e

Ol Íxtls` Yctlj Elsslg` sèc hceabolils ls elocarls il X`osbtbv` Elsslg`,

hce
hce eloc
elocar
arls
ls il RcobRcob/J
/Jbo
bogl
gle
e Elss
Elsslg
lg`e
`e.. L X`os
X`osbt
btbv
bv`` â r`lj
r`ljbz
bzli
lill oc
hce`çc, plrl lhcrilr l abc`j`trbhlili` ic(l) bot`rlg`ot`, ` lc fbolj, plrl
ibst
ibstrb
rbau
aubr
br ` `qul
`quljbjbzl
zlrr l s`os
s`oslç
lçèc
èc abc`
abc`jâ
jâtr
trbh
bhl.
l. Cs elrh
elrhli
licr
cr`s
`s i` t`ep
t`epcc
boibhlics sèc
sèc lp`ols uel sug`stèc aìsbhl.
aìsbhl. Vchí pci`rì hcoiuzbr
hcoiuzbr l s`ssèc i`
lhcric hce l o`h`ssbili` ics s`us bot`rlg`ot`s.

<>
X`os
X`osbt
btbv
bv`
` Elss
Elsslg
lg`e
`e
L X`osbtbv` Elsslg`e prcvchl uel r``iuhlçèc s`oscrblj s`oscrblj qu` bos`r` tcics cs
grup
grupcs
cs eush
eushujujlr
lr`s
`s oc r`fjr`fj``xc ic crgls
crglsec
ec,, prcp
prcpcr crhb
hbco
cololoic
ic uel
uel ocvl
ocvl
ibe`osèc plrl c prlz`r bot`grltbvc. @e r`spcstl lcs `ståeujcs tìt`bs il
X`osb
X` osbtbv`
tbv` Elsslg
Elsslg`e `e,, fj
fjux
uxcscs i` `o`rgbl
`o`rgblss p`rhcr
p`rhcrr`r`ee cs hlolb
hlolbss i` `o`rgb
`o`rgbll
(Olibs), hlusloic p`qu`ocs `splsecs― crgìst crgìstbhc
bhcs.
s. Ls s`osl
s`oslçð`
çð`ss vèc s`
lepjbjbloi
lep loic c ` s` bot`os
bot`osbfb
bfbhlo
hloic,
ic, a`o`f
a`o`fbhb
bhbloi
loicc l iboáe
iboáebh bhll il ibstrb
ibstrbaub
aubçèc
çèc
abc`jâ
abc `jâtrb
trbhl
hl p`jc
p`jc hcrpc
hcrpc.. Hcec
Hcec r`sujt
r`sujtlic
lic,, uel
uel bohrå
bohråv`
v`jj i`s
i`shlr
hlrgl
gl `jâ
`jâtrb
trbhl
hl â
ibsplrlil pcrpcr tcic c hcrpc,
hcrpc, prciuzb
prciuzboic
oic ue `stlic
`stlic ljt`rlic i` p`rh`pçèc
p`rh`pçèc `
hcoshbíohbl, prcfuoile`ot` e`ibtltbvc, q u` hnlelecs i`
Xuprlhcoshbíohbl,
Xuprlhcosh bíohbl, coi` â pcssåv`j lh`sslr l sla`icrb
sla`icrbll fcreltbvl qu` p`re`bl
` i`s`ovc
i`s`ovcjv`jv` c ocssc
ocssc s`r.
s`r. FlçlFlçl ue tcqu`
tcqu` a`e sutbjsutbj hce l pcotb
pcotbonl
onl ics

i`ic
i`icss pcr`tcil
s`r j`otc j`v`,l quls`
`xt`osèc
`xt`osèc
s`eictchlr
hcrpc,ols`e tch
tchlr
p`j`. lr oc
Oc g`obtlj
g`obtlj.
hcrc . @st` pljels
hla`juic, tcqu` i`v`
i`v`
ils
eècs ` scjl ics pâs
pâs pci` utbjbzlr l uonl plrl
plrl i`sp`rtlr elbs l s`osbabjbili`
s`osbabjbili`
o`stls r`gbð`s.

Hce`h` `stbeujloic l plrt` il fr`ot` ic hcrpc, i`pcbs i` jlic (hce l p`rol

i` albxc
albxc `stbhlil
`stbhlil ` l i` hbel
hbel icarl
icarlil,
il, hce cs arlçcs
arlçcs lhbel
lhbel il hla`ç
hla`çl)
l)
`stbeuj` tcic c hcrpc,
hcrpc, flçl l bov`rsèc
bov`rsèc i` pcjlrbili`
pcjlrbili` tchloic c laice`e
laice`e `
ls hcstls lc e`sec t`epc, flçl l pbjnl pcsbhbcoloic uel eèc plrlil oc
p`råo`c ` cutrl oc tcpc il
il hla`çl. I` hcstls `stbeuj` tcic
tcic hcrpc, i`pcbs
i`pcbs i`
ljgu
ljguos
os ebou
eboutc
tcss flçl
flçl c ecvb
ecvbe`e`otc
otc i` pr`h
pr`h`` `stb
`stbeu
eujl
jloi
oic
c sutbj
utbje`
e`ot`
ot` c

p`råo`c. I`pcbs
` pcr ýjtbec i` lfr`ot`
p`sscl
fr`o i`btl-s`
`ot`plrl
t` ocvle`ot`
ocvle c cutrc
tleaâe
tleaâ jlic ` r`p`t`-s`
e r`ljbzloic
r`ljbzloi csc`ståeujcs
c c `ståeuj
`ståeujc i` pr`h`
plrl pct`ohbljbz
pct`ohbljbzlr
lr l suabil
suabil i` `o`rgbl.
`o`rgbl.

\uloic fcr r`ljbzlr sce`ot` l X`osbtbv` elsslg`e, flçl i` <; l <0 eboutcs
`e hlil
hlil pcsb
pcsbçè
çèc,
c, els ol íxtl
íxtls`
s` tctlj
tctlj l X`os
X`osbt
btbv
bv`` i`v`
i`v` j`vlr
j`vlr i` 1; l 10
eboutcs, ibstrbaul c t`epc `otr` ls pcsbçð`s ` tleaâe s`rì pcssåv`j flz`r
sce`ot` i` fr`ot` ` i` hcstls.

<2
Q`suec ils Elocarls ‘ Rco
cobb Elss
Elsslg
lg`e
`e

<‘ Crb`ot` l Xnldtb (eujn`r) l fbhlr hcepj`tle`ot` i`spbil, i`btlil i`

i`hýabtc icrslj, p`rols la`rtls,
la`rtls, cjncs f`hnlics, elxbjlr r`jlxlic `
r`spbrlçèc scjtl.

1‘ Lpjbqu` l elsslg`e X`osbtbv` p`jc

hcrpc tcic. (1; ebo) 8 ‘ Ir`olg`e (1; -

10 ebo ibstrbauåics
ibstrbauåics `otr`
`otr` 8, 9 ` 0)

- Elsslg`e i` ir`olg`e
ir`olg`e ols hcxls
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c
øj`c p`jl ycob hce l eèc `e fcrel i` hcohnl
(Elocarl hurtl)
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c i`si`
i`si` c p`råo`c ltâ l ycob, hn`gloic ë vbrbjnl
(Elocarl eâibl)
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c suaboic
suaboic p`jl
p`jl vbrbjnl,
vbrbjnl, laiùe`o,
laiùe`o, tørlx, slboic
p`jc trlpâzbc. (Elocarl jcogl)
- Elsslg`e ocs grloi`s jìabcs, hce cs pcj`glr`s

9‘ @stbeujlçèc ils Gjáoiujls (1; - 10 ebo ibstrbauåics `otr`

`otr` 8, 9 ` 0)
- elsslg`e ocs p`qu`ocs jìabcs
jìabcs
- @stbeujlçèc ils gjáoiujls i` Xd`o` ` Alrtcjbob, hce l pcotl ic
boibhlicr

0‘ Ljcogle`otc Hjbtcrbloc (1; - 10 ebo ibstrbauåics `otr` 8, 9 ` 0)

1;
 - [boçle`otc
[boçle`otc ic hjbtørbcs
hjbtørbcs
- @otue`h`r c hjbtørbs i`bxloic-c
i`bxloic-c
„`shlplr‒ il pboçl
-@shlrlfuohnlr ls jlt`rlbs ic
hjbtørbcs
- Ljcoglr c hjbtørbcs `e
`e tcils ls
ibr`çð`s
-Elsslg`e ocs elebjcs

6‘ Aujj`t (9; ebo)

-Lpjbhlçèc ic Aujj`t
- Elsslg`e oc prbe`brc lo`j (s`e
p`o`trlçèc!)
-Elsslg`e ocs elebjcs (s`e
lp`rtlr)
7‘ Q`lpjbhlçèc il elsslg`e

X`osbtbv` (0ebo) > ‘ Bot`grlçèc

(<;-<0 ebo)

1<
 Ýt`rc
`

Hlolj
vlgbolj

Hjbtørbs

(tcil `stru
`strutur
turll

11
Q`suec ils Elocarls ‘ Jbo
Jbogl
gle
e El
Elss
sslg
lg`e
`e
<‘ Crb`ot` c Xnbvl (nce`e) l fbhlr hcepj`tle`ot` i`spbic, i`btlic i`

i`hýabtc icrslj,
icrslj, p`rols la`rtls, cjncs f`hnlics, elxbjlr r`jlxlic ` r`spbrlçèc
scjtl.

1‘ Lpjbqu` l elsslg`e X`osbtbv` p`jc hcrpc

tcic. (1;ebo)

8 ‘ Ir`olg`e (0;-6;
(0;-6; ebo ibstrbauåics `otr`
8, 9, 0, 6 ` 7)
- Elsslg`e i` ir`olg`e
ir`olg`e ols hcxls
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c p`jc jbogle hce l eèc `spljelil (Elocarl
hurtl)
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c i`si` c p`råo`c
p`råo`c ltâ c jbogle, plssloic
plssloic p`jl
p`jl acjsl
`shrctlj (Elocarl eâibl)
- @spljnle`otc i` øj`c suaboic p`jl vbrbjnl, laiùe`o,
laiùe`o, tørlx, slboic p`jc
trlpâzbc. (Elocarl jcogl)

9‘ @stbeujlçèc il Gjáoi` [`oblol

[`oblol (0;-6;
(0;-6; ebo ibstrbauåics `otr` 8, 9, 0, 6 ` 7)
- Hcotcrolr ` `shlrlfuohnlr
`shlrlfuohnlr l gjloi` hce ls pcotls ics 0 i`ics
(hnuv`brbonc)
- Hcotcrolr l als` il gjloi` hce c boibhlicr cu c i`ièc

- (hubilic
Lsh`oi`rhce
c ecvbe`otc
c øj`c!) i` hcotcroc p`jc fríoujc ltâ c hlolj ur`trlj
- Qctlhbcolr l gjloi` hce c h`otrc il eèc (hnlpâuzbonc)
- Elot`r c pr`pýhbc `stbhlic, ` r`ljbzlr ls elocarls ljcogloic c
Jbogle `e tcics cs s`otbics

18
0‘ Lo`jle`
Lo`jle`otc
otc Qctlhbcolic
Qctlhbcolic (0;-6; ebo ibstrbauåics
ibstrbauåics `otr` 8,
8, 9, 0,
0, 6 ` 7)
-Lpjbhlr ecvbe`otcs i` rctlçèc (86; grlus) hce l eèc f`hnlil ol
gjloi`,, ljt`roloic
gjloi` ljt`roloic ls eècs,
eècs, `e leacs cs s`otbics
s`otbics,, ncrìrbc ` lotb-
ncrìrbc,, s`e bot`rrupçè
ncrìrbc bot`rrupçèc
c ic ecvbe`
ecvbe`otc.
otc.
-Lpjbhlr ecvbe`otcs i` rctlçèc (<>; grlus) hce ls iuls eècs lc
e`sec t`epc,
t`epc, uel eèc ol gjloi`
gjloi`,, cutrl
cutrl eèc oc hcrpc ic Jbogle.
Jbogle.
Ls rctlçð`s sèc lotlgùobhls, uel eèc `e hlil s`otbic, ljt`roloic
cs s`otbics, s`e bot`rrupçèc ic ecvbe`otc.
- Elot`r c pr`pýhbc `stbhlic, ` r`ljbzlr ls elocarls ljcogloic c
Jbogle `e tcics cs s`otbics

6‘ Ljcogle`otc ic Hcrpc
Hcrpc (0;-6; ebo
ebo ibstrbauåics `otr` 8, 9, 0, 6 ` 7)
-Lpjbh
-Lpjbhlr
lr ecvb
ecvbe`
e`ot
otcs
cs i` rctl
rctlçè
çècc (<>;
(<>; cu 86;
86; gr
grlu
lus)
s) hce
hce l eèc
eèc
f`hnlil. L eèc i`sh` il gjloi` plrl l als` ic hcrpc p`obloc,
gbrloic,
hce uels`e cf`r`h`r
―puxlil―, r`sbstíohbl,
ljcogloic ` vcjtl,
c hcrpc ic gbrloic
jbogle. oc s`otbic cpcstc,
- Elot`r c pr`pýhbc `stbhlic, ` r`ljbzlr ls elocarls ljcogloic c
Jbogle `e tcics cs s`otbics

7‘ @stbeujlçèc ic [`råo`c ` ics Y`ståhujcs (0; - 6; ebo ibstrbauåics `otr` 8,

9, 0, 6 ` 7)
- Qctlhbcolr
Qctlhbcolr c puonc scar`
scar` c p`råo`
p`råo`c
c
- Elsslg`lr
Elsslg`lr cs t`ståhujc
t`ståhujcss sust`otlic-cs
sust`otlic-cs pcr albxc
-@stbeujlr c p`råobc hce l eèc `stbhlil `e fcrel i` jáebol, `e
ecvbe`otcs jcogbtuibolbs

-@stls
stls elo
loccarls pci
ci`e
`e s`s`rr r`lj
elocarls i` Jbogle elsslg`
ljbbzli
lils
ls `e hco
commuotc hce ls

>‘ Q`
Q`lpj
lpjbh
bhlç
lçèc
èc il elss
elsslg
lg`e
`e
X`osbtbv` (0 ebo)
2 ‘ Bot`grlçèc (<;-<0 ebo)

19
10
16
Hcec e` i`s`ovcjv`r ltrlvâs ic Ylotrl3

[lrl i`s`ovcjv`r-s` ltrlvâs ic Ylotrl l p`sscl pr`hbsl `xp`rbe`otlr

l sul s`osbabjbili` ` p`rh`pçèc `e ue Hlepc i` @o`rgbl
prcfuoile`ot` lecrcsc ` hceplssbvc. Bstc â pcssåv`j ltrlvâs ics
Wcrds
Wc rdsncps
ncps i` Ylot
Ylotrl
rl cf`
cf`r`hb
r`hbics
ics p`jc H`otr
H`otrc
c E`t
E`tlec
lecrfcs
rfcs`,
`, coi`
coi` l
p`sscl `xp`rbe`ot
`xp`rbe`otll l hcovbvíohbl hceuobtìrbl bot`grltbvl.
bot`grltbvl.

Xug`rbecs plrtbhbplr ils s`gubot`s ltbvbili`s plrl cat`r ue `xh`j`ot`

i`s`ovcjvbe`otc=
 Hce`h` hce cs wcrdsncps - C Hlebonc ic Lecr. Â pr`hbsc

plrtbhbplr
plrtbhbplr i` vìrbcs `oh
`ohcotrcs
cotrcs,, pcbs hlil ue i`j`s â ibf`r`ot`.
ibf`r`ot`. C
Hlebonc ic Lecr â ue grupc i` bobhblçèc coi` vchí t`rì l
hnlo
hnloh`
h` bohj
bohjus
usbv
bv`` i` `o `ohc
hcot
otrl
rlrr ue
ue(l
(l)) pl
plrh
rh`b
`brc
rc(l
(l)) pl
plrl
rl s`gub
`gubrr
liblot`.
liblo t`. Y`r c pl
plrh`brc
rh`brc h`rt
h`rtc
c â fuoile`otlj
fuoile`otlj plrl prcss
prcss`gubr
`gubr plrl
cutrcs oåv`bs qu` `xbg`e elbs botbebili` ` la`rturl, hcec l
I`j`rbue
I`j` rbue plrl hls
hlslbs
lbs..
 Q`h`al ls Elsslg`os YáotrbhYáotrbhls
ls ic Eâtcic I`vl ObsncObsncdd `e tcics
cs oåv`bs. Q`h`a`r ls elsslg`os brì lh`j`rlr c s`u
i`ss`ov
i` ovccjvb
vbe`
e`ot
otcc, pcpcbbs `jls i` i`ss`ov
ovccjv`
v`e
e cs s`o `ottbic
icss ` l

p`rh`pçèc, ljâe i` tcob

p`rh`pçèc, tcobfbhlr
fbhlr cs eýshujcs
eýshujcs s`xulbs
s`xulbs,, pr`plrloic-cs
pr`plrloic-cs
plrl `xp`rb
`xp`rbíohb
íohbls
ls i` c
crgls
rglsec
ec elbs `j`vl
`j`vlils
ils ` bot
bot`osls
`osls..

17
  Flçl cs Hurscs i` Elsslg`e oc Eâtcic I`vl Obsncd. Hcon`çl c
cutrc jlic
jlic ic trlaljnc,
trlaljnc, l vbsèc
vbsèc i` qu`e
qu`e prcpcrhbc
prcpcrhbcol
ol ue oåv`j elbs
`j`vlic i` p`rh`pçèc ` i` hcoshbíohbl. [lrtbhbplr ics ocsscs hurscs
brì euilr cs s`us plrlibgels hce r`jlçèc lc prlz`r i` vbv`r `
tleaâe s`us plráe`trcs
plráe`trcs s`xulbs, ljâe i` t` ilr ocvls f`rrle`otls
f`rrle`otls
plrl i`s`ovcjv`r
i`s`ovcjv`r muotc hce s`u plrh`brc(l).

L hcovbvíohbl hceuobtìrbl qu` bepj`e`otlecs ol Hceuol

E`tlecrfc
E`tle crfcs`
s` `stì fuoile`o
fuoile`otlil
tlil oc lecr lc prøxbec
prøxbec ` ol i`ibhlç
i`ibhlçèc
èc
lc a`e hceue. Ls jbçð`s qu` lpr`oi`ecs sèc=
 Obog
Oboguâ
uâe
e â e`jn
e`jncr
cr ic qu`
qu` obog
oboguâ
uâe
e ` obog
oboguâ
uâe
e â sup`
sup`rb
rbcr
cr l

obog
oboguâ
uâe.
e. Xcec
Xcecss bg bgul
ulbs
bs ` tr
trlz`
lz`ec
ecss ls e`se
e`sels
ls o`h`
o`h`ss
ssbi
bili
li`s`s
aìsbhls i` lecr, lh`btlçèc
aìsbhls lh`btlçèc ` lf`tc4
lf`tc4
 @otr`gu`-s` lc Lecr, i`bx`-s`
i`bx`-s` hcoiuzbr p`jc Lecr, hceplrtbjn`
hceplrtbjn` l
sull lebz
su lebzli
li`` ` l sulsul hcof
hcofbl
bloç
oçl,
l, r`hu
r`hurs
rscs
cs qu` pci`e
pci`e lmuil
lmuilrr l
hcostrubr ue euoic e`jncr plrl ls futurls g`rlçð`s4
 Hcofb`! Vchí brì
brì hcon`h`r p`sscls
p`sscls qu` mì `stèc
`stèc nì ljgue t`epc o`ss`
hleb
hl ebon
oncc ` sèc
sèc sboboh`
h`rl
rlss `e sul
sul bobot`
t`oç
oçèc
èc i` hrbl
hrblrr `spl
`splçc
çcss elbs
elbs
sluiìv`bs, coi` ls p`sscls pcssle s` i`s`ovcjv`r s`e mujgle`otcs,
puobçð`s, hujpls cu e`ics4

1>
 Vbvl bot`grlje`ot`, s`e ibvbsð`s, ol tct
tctljbili`4
ljbili`4
 Vljcrbz` c s`u bot`rbcr, l sul botbebili`4
 Hceplrtbjn` sul vbil lecrcsl hce ue ýobhc plrh`brc, i`
fcrel prcfuoil,
prcfuoil, hrbl
hrbltbvl,
tbvl, r`sp`btcsl
r`sp`btcsl ` slgrlil4
 Lh`bt` c euoic hcec uel `shcjl ibvbol4
 Vbvl hce alsals`` oc s`u Hcrlçèc ` ol Bot`jbgíohb
Bot`jbgíohbll qu` v`e i` sul
Xla`icrbl Bot`rbcr4
 X`ml fb`j, nco`stc ` v`rili`brc hcosbgc e`sec ` hce cs cutrcs4
 @xploil, ece`otc l ece`otc, l sul Hcoshbíohbl4
Hcoshbíoh bl4
 H`j`ar` hlil ece`otc4
 @st`ml pr`s`ot` oc Lqub ` Lgcrl! Oèc fbqu` pr`sc l e`eørbl
e`eørblss ic
s`u plsslic cu `xp`htltbvls qulotc lc futurc4

@x`rhbt` pj`ole`ot` tcic c hcot`ýic i` sul sl sla`icrbl
a`icrbl p`ssclj
p`ssclj44
 Yuic â pcssåv`j ` plsså
plssåv`j
v`j i` lhcot`h`r! Lh`bt`! [`rebtl!
[`rebtl! X`ml c
qu` fcr, ibgl Xbe!

12
ABAJBCGQLFBL=
Ljir`i, Hlrcjbo`. (<222). X`xc Xuajbe`. Xèc [lujc= Vbtørbl Qâgbl.

Loloi, Elrgc. (<226). L lrt` il elgbl

elgbl s`xulj. Qbc i` Mlo`brc= Hlepus.
s`xulj

Hlrco`, Hjìuibc. (<222). Ylotrl, Lrt` ` Q`fbole`otc ic Lecr. Xèc

plujc=Lgob.

Hnlog, Xt`pn`o Y. (<2>6). Yn` a`st wly tc eld` jcv` wcrd. Xlo
Frlohbshc= Ylc [uajbsnbog.

Icugjls, Obd ` Xjbog`r, [`ooy. (<272). X`xulj X`hr`ts= Yn` Ljhn`ey cf

@hstlsy.. Qchn`st`r
@hstlsy Qchn`st`r,, V`recot= I`stboy Accds.

Jyj`, Lteloo ` Jyj`, Mlo`. (<220). Xlhr`i X`xuljbty. @j`e`ot Accds.

Obsncd, I`vl. (1;;6). Q`i` e`tlecrfcs`. Xèc [lujc= Btlp`vl.

Csnc (<22;). Jbvrc il hurl. Xnlotb.

8;